International Journal of Environmental Chemistry

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Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Received: 30 September 2016    Accepted: 01 November 2016    Published: 23 November 2016
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Abstract

The level of heavy metals concentrations of crude oil polluted soil and water was assessed in some coastal communities (Eket, Ibeno, EsitEket and Onna) of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values of the heavy metals determined were: Cr(0.1544±0.01), Cd(0.0137±0.00), Pb(0.0340±0.04), Ca(64.9360±1.55), Ni(0.0112±0.02), Cu(0.0164±0.00), Co(0.00), Mn(1.0067±1.54), Fe(0.6526±0.13), Zn(0.1175±0.04) for water samples and Cr(0.5595±0.12), Cd(0.2139±0.17), Pb(0.1559±0.03), Ca(1.7940±0.62), Ni(0.1685±0.02), Cu(0.1398±0.04), Co(0.0180±0.01), Mn(5.7187±1.34), Fe(9.5787±0.89), Zn(0.2626±0.22) for soil samples. The results showed that calcium was very high in water Ca(64.9360±1.55) samples compared to the soil Ca(1.7940±0.62) samples which suggest that the water is hard, though these values were within the WHO standards. Also, cobalt was not detected in water samples. All other heavy metals determined were above the WHO permissible limits for water and soil samples except zinc and copper which were within the acceptable limits. In all, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil samples was observed to be higher than the water samples which might be due to leaching and bioaccumulation. Thus, a further comprehensive study is recommended and also, intervention strategies like remediation, to better the life of the people.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2017)
Page(s) 9-13
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crude oil, Soil, Water, Akwa Ibom State, Heavy Metals

References
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[9] USEPA 3050B (1996) Acid digestion of sediments, sludges and soils. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
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[18] Iwegbue, C. M. A., Emuh, F. N., Isirimah, N. O. and Egun, A. C. (2007). Fractionation, characterization and speciation of heavy metals in composts and compst-amended soils. African Journal of Biotechnology. pp. 67–72.
[19] Chukwuma, M. C., E. T. Eshett, E. U. Onweremadu and M. A. Okon, 2010. Zinc availability in relation to selected soil properties in a crude oil polluted water. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 7: 261-270.
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Author Information
  • Chemistry Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Kwali, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Chemistry Advanced Research Centre, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Kwali, Abuja, Nigeria

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    Mercy Uwem Useh, Pius Patrick Ikokoh. (2016). Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 1(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12

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    ACS Style

    Mercy Uwem Useh; Pius Patrick Ikokoh. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2016, 1(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12

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    AMA Style

    Mercy Uwem Useh, Pius Patrick Ikokoh. Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Chem. 2016;1(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12,
      author = {Mercy Uwem Useh and Pius Patrick Ikokoh},
      title = {Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20170101.12},
      abstract = {The level of heavy metals concentrations of crude oil polluted soil and water was assessed in some coastal communities (Eket, Ibeno, EsitEket and Onna) of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values of the heavy metals determined were: Cr(0.1544±0.01), Cd(0.0137±0.00), Pb(0.0340±0.04), Ca(64.9360±1.55), Ni(0.0112±0.02), Cu(0.0164±0.00), Co(0.00), Mn(1.0067±1.54), Fe(0.6526±0.13), Zn(0.1175±0.04) for water samples and Cr(0.5595±0.12), Cd(0.2139±0.17), Pb(0.1559±0.03), Ca(1.7940±0.62), Ni(0.1685±0.02), Cu(0.1398±0.04), Co(0.0180±0.01), Mn(5.7187±1.34), Fe(9.5787±0.89), Zn(0.2626±0.22) for soil samples. The results showed that calcium was very high in water Ca(64.9360±1.55) samples compared to the soil Ca(1.7940±0.62) samples which suggest that the water is hard, though these values were within the WHO standards. Also, cobalt was not detected in water samples. All other heavy metals determined were above the WHO permissible limits for water and soil samples except zinc and copper which were within the acceptable limits. In all, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil samples was observed to be higher than the water samples which might be due to leaching and bioaccumulation. Thus, a further comprehensive study is recommended and also, intervention strategies like remediation, to better the life of the people.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration of Crude Oil Polluted Soil and Water in Some Coastal Communities of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
    AU  - Mercy Uwem Useh
    AU  - Pius Patrick Ikokoh
    Y1  - 2016/11/23
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 13
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1460
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20170101.12
    AB  - The level of heavy metals concentrations of crude oil polluted soil and water was assessed in some coastal communities (Eket, Ibeno, EsitEket and Onna) of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values of the heavy metals determined were: Cr(0.1544±0.01), Cd(0.0137±0.00), Pb(0.0340±0.04), Ca(64.9360±1.55), Ni(0.0112±0.02), Cu(0.0164±0.00), Co(0.00), Mn(1.0067±1.54), Fe(0.6526±0.13), Zn(0.1175±0.04) for water samples and Cr(0.5595±0.12), Cd(0.2139±0.17), Pb(0.1559±0.03), Ca(1.7940±0.62), Ni(0.1685±0.02), Cu(0.1398±0.04), Co(0.0180±0.01), Mn(5.7187±1.34), Fe(9.5787±0.89), Zn(0.2626±0.22) for soil samples. The results showed that calcium was very high in water Ca(64.9360±1.55) samples compared to the soil Ca(1.7940±0.62) samples which suggest that the water is hard, though these values were within the WHO standards. Also, cobalt was not detected in water samples. All other heavy metals determined were above the WHO permissible limits for water and soil samples except zinc and copper which were within the acceptable limits. In all, the concentration of heavy metals in the soil samples was observed to be higher than the water samples which might be due to leaching and bioaccumulation. Thus, a further comprehensive study is recommended and also, intervention strategies like remediation, to better the life of the people.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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