International Journal of Environmental Chemistry

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Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium

Received: 10 April 2019    Accepted: 29 May 2019    Published: 18 June 2019
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Abstract

This research used raw kaolinite (RK), thermally activated Kaolinite (TAK), hydroxyiron (iii) kaolinite- composite (HKC), as adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol and cadmium from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 5–25 mg/l and 10-50 mg/l respectively. Effect of initial pH on the adsorbates was carried out at pH 2-11 at (298 K), and adsorbent dosage from 0.5 - 2.5 g with 50 ml adsorbate solution. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 25-55°C for 5-25 mg/L and 10-50 mg/L of phenol and cadmium solutions for 1 hr for all the adsorbents. The Physicochemical characteristics of RK, TAK and HKC were shown to be: pH 7.38, 7.26 and 7.20; pHzpc: 11.00, 10.50 and 10.10; Conductivity (2μ/cm):1.656, 1.660 and 1.657; Bulky density (g/cm3):1.186, 1.111 and 1.214; Attrition (%): 17.49, 26.53 and 27.21 respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine adsorbent features. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, hydrogen bonding and aldehyde group showed that adsorbents bonds phenol and cadmium. At equilibrium, the maximum percentage removal for phenol: RK (52.020%), TAK (63.468%), HKC (79.952%) and cadmium: RK (41.980%), TAK (48.398%), HKC (65.830%) respectively were achieved for contact time. From the experiment adsorption capacities were found to increase with increase in temperature, contact time and concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir better than the Freundlich model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters –Enthalpy change entropy change and Gibbs free energy, adsorption of both phenol and cadmium was not spontaneous but endothermic, meaning the chemisorption dominates physosorption. Adsorption kinetics was better explained by the Blanchard pseudo-second order kinetic model than the Lagergren first order. Overall, the adsorption of phenol was more favourable than for cadmium for all adsorbents.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019)
Page(s) 30-42
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adsorption, Kaolinite, Hydroxyiron (III), Phenol, Cadmium, Kinetic, Thermodynamic, Isotherm

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Science, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria

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    Egah Godwin Ogbaji, Baba Nwunuji Hikon, Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar, Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima, Omovo Mavis, et al. (2019). Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 3(1), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15

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    Egah Godwin Ogbaji; Baba Nwunuji Hikon; Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar; Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima; Omovo Mavis, et al. Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2019, 3(1), 30-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15

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    Egah Godwin Ogbaji, Baba Nwunuji Hikon, Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar, Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima, Omovo Mavis, et al. Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium. Int J Environ Chem. 2019;3(1):30-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15,
      author = {Egah Godwin Ogbaji and Baba Nwunuji Hikon and Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar and Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima and Omovo Mavis and Ogah Ekirigwe and Aminu Fatai Ayodeji},
      title = {Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {30-42},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20190301.15},
      abstract = {This research used raw kaolinite (RK), thermally activated Kaolinite (TAK), hydroxyiron (iii) kaolinite- composite (HKC), as adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol and cadmium from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 5–25 mg/l and 10-50 mg/l respectively. Effect of initial pH on the adsorbates was carried out at pH 2-11 at (298 K), and adsorbent dosage from 0.5 - 2.5 g with 50 ml adsorbate solution. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 25-55°C for 5-25 mg/L and 10-50 mg/L of phenol and cadmium solutions for 1 hr for all the adsorbents. The Physicochemical characteristics of RK, TAK and HKC were shown to be: pH 7.38, 7.26 and 7.20; pHzpc: 11.00, 10.50 and 10.10; Conductivity (2μ/cm):1.656, 1.660 and 1.657; Bulky density (g/cm3):1.186, 1.111 and 1.214; Attrition (%): 17.49, 26.53 and 27.21 respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine adsorbent features. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, hydrogen bonding and aldehyde group showed that adsorbents bonds phenol and cadmium. At equilibrium, the maximum percentage removal for phenol: RK (52.020%), TAK (63.468%), HKC (79.952%) and cadmium: RK (41.980%), TAK (48.398%), HKC (65.830%) respectively were achieved for contact time. From the experiment adsorption capacities were found to increase with increase in temperature, contact time and concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir better than the Freundlich model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters –Enthalpy change entropy change and Gibbs free energy, adsorption of both phenol and cadmium was not spontaneous but endothermic, meaning the chemisorption dominates physosorption. Adsorption kinetics was better explained by the Blanchard pseudo-second order kinetic model than the Lagergren first order. Overall, the adsorption of phenol was more favourable than for cadmium for all adsorbents.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Synergistic Study of Hydroxyiron (III) and Kaolinite Composite for the Adsorptive Removal of Phenol and Cadmium
    AU  - Egah Godwin Ogbaji
    AU  - Baba Nwunuji Hikon
    AU  - Ngantem Godfrey Sheckhar
    AU  - Emmanuel Amuntse Yerima
    AU  - Omovo Mavis
    AU  - Ogah Ekirigwe
    AU  - Aminu Fatai Ayodeji
    Y1  - 2019/06/18
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    SP  - 30
    EP  - 42
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1460
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20190301.15
    AB  - This research used raw kaolinite (RK), thermally activated Kaolinite (TAK), hydroxyiron (iii) kaolinite- composite (HKC), as adsorbent for the adsorption of phenol and cadmium from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 5–25 mg/l and 10-50 mg/l respectively. Effect of initial pH on the adsorbates was carried out at pH 2-11 at (298 K), and adsorbent dosage from 0.5 - 2.5 g with 50 ml adsorbate solution. Adsorption thermodynamics were developed for 25-55°C for 5-25 mg/L and 10-50 mg/L of phenol and cadmium solutions for 1 hr for all the adsorbents. The Physicochemical characteristics of RK, TAK and HKC were shown to be: pH 7.38, 7.26 and 7.20; pHzpc: 11.00, 10.50 and 10.10; Conductivity (2μ/cm):1.656, 1.660 and 1.657; Bulky density (g/cm3):1.186, 1.111 and 1.214; Attrition (%): 17.49, 26.53 and 27.21 respectively. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were used to determine adsorbent features. The presence of hydroxyl, carboxylic, hydrogen bonding and aldehyde group showed that adsorbents bonds phenol and cadmium. At equilibrium, the maximum percentage removal for phenol: RK (52.020%), TAK (63.468%), HKC (79.952%) and cadmium: RK (41.980%), TAK (48.398%), HKC (65.830%) respectively were achieved for contact time. From the experiment adsorption capacities were found to increase with increase in temperature, contact time and concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir better than the Freundlich model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters –Enthalpy change entropy change and Gibbs free energy, adsorption of both phenol and cadmium was not spontaneous but endothermic, meaning the chemisorption dominates physosorption. Adsorption kinetics was better explained by the Blanchard pseudo-second order kinetic model than the Lagergren first order. Overall, the adsorption of phenol was more favourable than for cadmium for all adsorbents.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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