A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants

Ifeoma Maryrose Odika; Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi; Njideka Veronica Nwankwo; Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife; Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants

Ifeoma Maryrose Odika, Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi, Njideka Veronica Nwankwo, Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife, Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha

Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 20 May 2020 Accepted: 4 June 2020 Published: 19 November 2020

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Abstract

Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
Page(s)	54-61
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pharmaceutical Effluent, Natural Coagulant, Zea mays, Sesamum indicum

References

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika, Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi, Njideka Veronica Nwankwo, Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife, Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. (2020). A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 4(2), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika; Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi; Njideka Veronica Nwankwo; Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife; Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2020, 4(2), 54-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika, Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi, Njideka Veronica Nwankwo, Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife, Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. Int J Environ Chem. 2020;4(2):54-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13,
  author = {Ifeoma Maryrose Odika and Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi and Njideka Veronica Nwankwo and Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife and Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha},
  title = {A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {54-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20200402.13},
  abstract = {Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.},
 year = {2020}
}

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T1  - A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants
AU  - Ifeoma Maryrose Odika
AU  - Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi
AU  - Njideka Veronica Nwankwo
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Y1  - 2020/11/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 54
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
AB  - Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.
VL  - 4
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Author Information

Ifeoma Maryrose Odika

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Njideka Veronica Nwankwo

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika, Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi, Njideka Veronica Nwankwo, Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife, Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. (2020). A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 4(2), 54-61. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika; Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi; Njideka Veronica Nwankwo; Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife; Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2020, 4(2), 54-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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Ifeoma Maryrose Odika, Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi, Njideka Veronica Nwankwo, Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife, Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha. A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants. Int J Environ Chem. 2020;4(2):54-61. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13,
  author = {Ifeoma Maryrose Odika and Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi and Njideka Veronica Nwankwo and Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife and Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha},
  title = {A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {54-61},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20200402.13},
  abstract = {Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Review on Treatment Efficiency of Pharmaceutical Effluents Using Natural Coagulants
AU  - Ifeoma Maryrose Odika
AU  - Chinenye Gloria Nwansiobi
AU  - Njideka Veronica Nwankwo
AU  - Chiagozie Michael Ekwunife
AU  - Uchechukwu Michael Onuoha
Y1  - 2020/11/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
SP  - 54
EP  - 61
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1460
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.13
AB  - Pharmaceutical effluents are wastes generated by pharmaceutical industries during the process of drug production. Pharmaceutical industry effluent is hazardous in nature due to its components such as toxic metals and active pharmaceutical ingredients and therefore should be treated before it is discharged into any water body or on to soil. But studies have shown that in most developing countries like Nigeria, industries dispose their effluents without treatment. The pharmaceutical effluents can be treated using inorganic or natural coagulants. This paper reviewed some studies on the treatment of pharmaceutical effluents using natural coagulants which are low-cost, under-utilized, economic friendly and readily available. The coagulants reviewed include Moringa oleifera, Citrullus lanatus (Seed of watermelon), Treculia africana (African bread fruit), Phoenix dactylifera (Date), Zea mays (Corn or maize), Banana peels, Sesamum indicum (Beniseed). The studies were critically reviewed with respect to the type of natural coagulant used, method of application to the effluents and result obtained. The results from the studies reviewed revealed that the treatment efficiency was maximally achieved in each case when the natural coagulants were used in combined form (either with another natural coagulant or inorganic coagulant) in appropriate ratios. Treatment efficieny of pharmaceutical effluents is obtained by using combined natural coagulant.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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