International Journal of Environmental Chemistry

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Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria

Received: 31 January 2020    Accepted: 01 April 2020    Published: 31 August 2020
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Abstract

This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance and laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis at the upstream, revealed that at point 1, E.coli was 2.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 18cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 12.00 cfu/ml. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 20.00 cfu/ml and above the bench mark for raw water. The midstream of the study area, revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 3.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 25cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 2.00- cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 22.00 cfu/m, Co 1 log reduction l. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 9.00 cfu/ml. The result of the analysis of sample collected at the downstream of the study area revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 5.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 32cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml, Co 2 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 3.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 38.00 cfu/ml, Co1 log reduction and within the Benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 35.00 cfu/ml and Co 0.00 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively, while at Point 1 and Point 2, E.Coli and TCC were above the bench mark for raw water. Presence of these micro-biological components are indications that the surface water of the study area may likely be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhoea and cholera if used for drinking purpose. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of Abattoir waste into the river and at the river bank.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11
Published in International Journal of Environmental Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020)
Page(s) 38-45
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Effects, Abattoir Waste, Surface Water, Quality, Dei-Dei River, Abuja

References
[1] Arimoro, F. O., Ikomi, R. B. Response of Macroinvertebrate Communities to Abattoir Wastes and other Anthropogenic activities in a municipal stream in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environmentalist 28, 85–98 (2008).
[2] Egobueze, F. E, Iwegbue, C. M. A & Opuene, K. Preliminary Assessment of Heavy metals levels of soils of an oil field in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 3, 167–172 (2006).
[3] Hopke, P. K., 1985. Receptor Modelling in Environmental Chemistry. John Wiley, New York.
[4] Jonnalagadda, S. B. and G. Mhere, 2001. Water quality of the Odzi River in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe. Water Res., 35: 2371-2376.
[5] Olowanda, 1974; 1989; Pickford, 1983 - Effect of abattoir wastes on the water quality of Aleto River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.
[6] Odu E. A. 1981 Productive Phenology of some Tropical African Mosses.
[7] UN Report 2012: The United Nations World Water Development; Managing Water under Uncertainty and Risk: Executive summary.
[8] O. F. Eze et. al. (2019): Effects of Solid Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Usuma River, Phase IV, Kubwa – Abuja, Nigeria; International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy.
[9] N. A Abugu et. al: A Journal of the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi; Vol. 01, No. 01, 2018.
[10] Lee, C. C. (2007). Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations. 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing, New York.
[11] Liu, D (1999). Environmental Engineers‟ Handbook.
[12] Awuah, E. (2006). Pathogen Removal Mechanisms in Macrophyte and Algal Waste Stabilization Ponds. Doctoral Dissertation, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education. Taylor and Francis Group/Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
[13] Strauss, M. (2000). Health (Pathogen) Considerations Regarding the Use of Human Waste in Aquaculture. Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG). Department of Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (SANDEC). Duebendorf, Switzerland.
[14] UNESCO (2003). Water for People, Water for Life: UN World Water Development Report (WWDR), Paris, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
[15] Helmer, R. (1997). Water Quality Monitoring: National and International Approaches. Hydrological, Chemical and Biological Processes of Transformation and Transport of Contaminants in Aquatic Environments. Proceedings of the Rostov-on-Don Symposium, May 1993. IAHS (219).
[16] Abdul-Razak, A., Asiedu A. B., Entsua-Mensah, R. E. M. and de Graft-Johnson, K. A. (2009). Assessment of the Water Quality of the Oti River in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 15.
[17] USEPA (2007). Surface Water Sampling. Science and Ecosystem Support Division (SESD) Operating Procedure. US-EPA, Region 4, Athens, Georgia Number: SESDPROC-201-R1.
[18] Tennessee Valley Authority (2009). Standard Operating Procedure for Surface. The Netherlands.
[19] United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1994. Nitrogen Control, Lancaster, USA: Technomic Publishing Company Inc.
[20] WHO (2010): World Water Day, water for Health, WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Author Information
  • Department of Pollution Control and Environmental Health, Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Department of Pollution Control and Environmental Health, Federal Ministry of Environment, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Infantini Systems Consult LTD. Abuja, Nigeria

  • National Biotechnology Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

  • Universal Basic Education, Abuja, Nigeria

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  • APA Style

    Jibrin Ahmadu, Ogechukwu Franca Eze, Ofigo Kesiena, Bessie Hanis, Fidelis Micheal. (2020). Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry, 4(2), 38-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11

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    Jibrin Ahmadu; Ogechukwu Franca Eze; Ofigo Kesiena; Bessie Hanis; Fidelis Micheal. Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Chem. 2020, 4(2), 38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11

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    AMA Style

    Jibrin Ahmadu, Ogechukwu Franca Eze, Ofigo Kesiena, Bessie Hanis, Fidelis Micheal. Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria. Int J Environ Chem. 2020;4(2):38-45. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11,
      author = {Jibrin Ahmadu and Ogechukwu Franca Eze and Ofigo Kesiena and Bessie Hanis and Fidelis Micheal},
      title = {Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Chemistry},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {38-45},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijec.20200402.11},
      abstract = {This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance and laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis at the upstream, revealed that at point 1, E.coli was 2.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 18cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 12.00 cfu/ml. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 20.00 cfu/ml and above the bench mark for raw water. The midstream of the study area, revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 3.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 25cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 2.00- cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 22.00 cfu/m, Co 1 log reduction l. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 9.00 cfu/ml. The result of the analysis of sample collected at the downstream of the study area revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 5.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 32cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml, Co 2 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 3.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 38.00 cfu/ml, Co1 log reduction and within the Benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 35.00 cfu/ml and Co 0.00 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively, while at Point 1 and Point 2, E.Coli and TCC were above the bench mark for raw water. Presence of these micro-biological components are indications that the surface water of the study area may likely be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhoea and cholera if used for drinking purpose. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of Abattoir waste into the river and at the river bank.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja, Nigeria
    AU  - Jibrin Ahmadu
    AU  - Ogechukwu Franca Eze
    AU  - Ofigo Kesiena
    AU  - Bessie Hanis
    AU  - Fidelis Micheal
    Y1  - 2020/08/31
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Chemistry
    SP  - 38
    EP  - 45
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-1460
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijec.20200402.11
    AB  - This study has investigated the Effects of Abattoir Waste on the Surface Water Quality of Dei-Dei River, Abuja. It assessed the impacts of abattoir waste disposal on Dei-Dei River, biological properties such as E-coli, Faecal Streptococci, Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Cryptosporidium Oocyst (Co), with results compared with WHO standards. Field methods included consultation with Health and Water Quality Expert, collection of water samples at varying distance and laboratory analysis of water samples using standard techniques. The analysis at the upstream, revealed that at point 1, E.coli was 2.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 18cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 12.00 cfu/ml. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 20.00 cfu/ml and above the bench mark for raw water. The midstream of the study area, revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 3.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 25cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 2.00- cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 22.00 cfu/m, Co 1 log reduction l. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 9.00 cfu/ml. The result of the analysis of sample collected at the downstream of the study area revealed that at Point 1, E.coli was 5.00cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml and TCC was 32cfu/ml above 10 cfu/ml, Co 2 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 2, E.Coli was 3.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 38.00 cfu/ml, Co1 log reduction and within the Benchmark for raw water respectively. At Point 3, E. Coli was 1.00 cfu/ml above 0 cfu/ml while TCC is 35.00 cfu/ml and Co 0.00 log reduction and within the benchmark for raw water respectively, while at Point 1 and Point 2, E.Coli and TCC were above the bench mark for raw water. Presence of these micro-biological components are indications that the surface water of the study area may likely be responsible for diseases such as typhoid fever, diarrhoea and cholera if used for drinking purpose. The study has also made recommendations to address the problems revealed such as; improvement of sanitation of the study area, provision of adequate waste management facilities while sensitization of the people is given priority, ensuring clean water in the area and efforts to stop dumping of Abattoir waste into the river and at the river bank.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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