An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Babagana Mala Musti; Ahmed Mallum

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria

Babagana Mala Musti, Ahmed Mallum

Published in Journal of Business and Economic Development (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 12 July 2020 Accepted: 27 July 2020 Published: 25 August 2020

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Abstract

The paper examines the implications of Casual employment on the poverty alleviation efforts of the government and economic growth in Nigeria. The study reviewed the existing literature on Casual employment and their impact on the poverty level in society and the economy. The study used a survey method and analysed the questionnaire distributed to sampled respondents. The study found that remunerations and working condition of casual staff are not fair compared to that of permanent staff. The casual workers are often not paid the minimum wage which is a monthly wage because the casual workers are usually underemployed as such do not get the minimum wage. In our survey, we found that 59% of the (casual staff) respondents have a monthly salary of less than the minimum wage. It shows that Casual work is going against government programmes of employment creation and poverty alleviation. Casual work is detrimental to employees and has grave consequences on the employer and the national economy. Casual staff are mostly low-level workers in every organisation. Many people have classified them as unskilled workers. The survey shows that 26% of the casual staff respondents attended tertiary education level against 40% among the full-time staff. Whereas, 35% of the casual staff have no formal education against 26% of the fulltime staff. The study concludes that Casual work as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and a means of increasing poverty. The Casual employment model enables employers to ignore workplace standards and workers’ social needs. The push towards Casual employment in society is evidence of increasing poverty. The study recommends that the government needs to check the casualisation of work in the employment system, which have a tremendous negative impact on the economy.

Published in	Journal of Business and Economic Development (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17
Page(s)	172-177
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Casual Employment, Poverty, Economic Growth

References

[1]	Adenuga, A. A. (2006), Economic globalisation and trade unionism in Nigeria; A case study of the Nigerian.
[2]	Christopher, P. S., Ifeanyichukwu, O. B., & 3Kizito, D. T. O. (2017) ‘Casualisation of Labour and Ineffectiveness of Nigeria Labour Laws: a Critical Appraisal’, International Journal of Innovative Research in Social Sciences & Strategic Management Techniques, 4 (1), pp. 35–48.
[3]	Collier, P.; Hoeffler, A. and Pattillo, C. (2004) ‘Africa's Exodus: Capital Flight and the Brain Drain as Portfolio Decisions’, Journal of African Economies, 13 (2), pp. 15-54.
[4]	Fapohunda, T. M. (2012) "Employment casualisation and degradation of work in Nigeria", International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 3 (9), May 2012.
[5]	Ferreira F., Jolliffe D. M., Prydz, E. B. (2015) ‘The International Poverty Line Has Just Been Raised To $1.90 a Day, But Global Poverty is Basically Unchanged. How Is That Even Possible?’ World Bank Blog.
[6]	Hall, R., 2000. Outsourcing, Contracting-Out and Labour Hire: Implications for Human Resource Development in Australian Organizations. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resource. 38, pp. 23-41.
[7]	Ibekwe, C. S. (2016) "Legal implications of employment casualisation in Nigeria: A cross-national comparison", Nnamdi Azikiwe University Journal of International Law and Jurisprudence (NAUJILJ), 7 (2016).
[8]	Musti, B. M.(2018) ‘Impact of Globalisation on Employment in Nigeria’International Economic Journal, 32 (1), PP. 43-52.
[9]	Okafor, E. E. (2010). Sociological Investigation of the Use of Casual Workers in Selected Asian Firms in Lagos, Nigeria, Ibadan Journal of the Social Sciences, 8 (1), pp. 49-64.
[10]	Okafor, E. E.(2012) 'Non-standard Employment Relations and Implications for Decent Work Deficits in Nigeria, African Research Review 6 (3) 93.
[11]	Okafor, E. E. & Rasak, B.(2015) ‘Casual Employment - A Nostrum To Unemployment In Nigeria’, Fountain Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4 (2), Pp. 100–112.
[12]	Okoroafor, M. O., Nwaeze C. (2013) ‘Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria 1990–2011’ The Macrotheme Review, 2 (6), SI-IMT 2013.
[13]	Okougbo, E. (2004) Strategic issue on the dynamic of industrial relations: theory and practice, Lagos: Wepoapo Enterprises.
[14]	Rasak, B. & Babatunde, M. O. (2017) ‘Casual Employment and the Globalized Market: A case of Selected Countries’, Uyo Journal of Sustainable Development, 2 (1), Pp. 18-34.
[15]	Shelley, M., (2008) The Effects of Employee‟s Turnover. e-HOW digest, e-HOW Inc.

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Babagana Mala Musti, Ahmed Mallum. (2020). An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 5(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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Babagana Mala Musti; Ahmed Mallum. An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. J. Bus. Econ. Dev. 2020, 5(3), 172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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AMA Style

Babagana Mala Musti, Ahmed Mallum. An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. J Bus Econ Dev. 2020;5(3):172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17,
  author = {Babagana Mala Musti and Ahmed Mallum},
  title = {An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Business and Economic Development},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {172-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jbed.20200503.17},
  abstract = {The paper examines the implications of Casual employment on the poverty alleviation efforts of the government and economic growth in Nigeria. The study reviewed the existing literature on Casual employment and their impact on the poverty level in society and the economy. The study used a survey method and analysed the questionnaire distributed to sampled respondents. The study found that remunerations and working condition of casual staff are not fair compared to that of permanent staff. The casual workers are often not paid the minimum wage which is a monthly wage because the casual workers are usually underemployed as such do not get the minimum wage. In our survey, we found that 59% of the (casual staff) respondents have a monthly salary of less than the minimum wage. It shows that Casual work is going against government programmes of employment creation and poverty alleviation. Casual work is detrimental to employees and has grave consequences on the employer and the national economy. Casual staff are mostly low-level workers in every organisation. Many people have classified them as unskilled workers. The survey shows that 26% of the casual staff respondents attended tertiary education level against 40% among the full-time staff. Whereas, 35% of the casual staff have no formal education against 26% of the fulltime staff. The study concludes that Casual work as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and a means of increasing poverty. The Casual employment model enables employers to ignore workplace standards and workers’ social needs. The push towards Casual employment in society is evidence of increasing poverty. The study recommends that the government needs to check the casualisation of work in the employment system, which have a tremendous negative impact on the economy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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T1 - An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria
AU - Babagana Mala Musti
AU - Ahmed Mallum
Y1 - 2020/08/25
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17
DO - 10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17
T2 - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JF - Journal of Business and Economic Development
JO - Journal of Business and Economic Development
SP - 172
EP - 177
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2637-3874
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17
AB - The paper examines the implications of Casual employment on the poverty alleviation efforts of the government and economic growth in Nigeria. The study reviewed the existing literature on Casual employment and their impact on the poverty level in society and the economy. The study used a survey method and analysed the questionnaire distributed to sampled respondents. The study found that remunerations and working condition of casual staff are not fair compared to that of permanent staff. The casual workers are often not paid the minimum wage which is a monthly wage because the casual workers are usually underemployed as such do not get the minimum wage. In our survey, we found that 59% of the (casual staff) respondents have a monthly salary of less than the minimum wage. It shows that Casual work is going against government programmes of employment creation and poverty alleviation. Casual work is detrimental to employees and has grave consequences on the employer and the national economy. Casual staff are mostly low-level workers in every organisation. Many people have classified them as unskilled workers. The survey shows that 26% of the casual staff respondents attended tertiary education level against 40% among the full-time staff. Whereas, 35% of the casual staff have no formal education against 26% of the fulltime staff. The study concludes that Casual work as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and a means of increasing poverty. The Casual employment model enables employers to ignore workplace standards and workers’ social needs. The push towards Casual employment in society is evidence of increasing poverty. The study recommends that the government needs to check the casualisation of work in the employment system, which have a tremendous negative impact on the economy.
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Author Information

Babagana Mala Musti

Department of Economics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
Ahmed Mallum

Department of Economics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria

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APA Style

Babagana Mala Musti, Ahmed Mallum. (2020). An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 5(3), 172-177. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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ACS Style

Babagana Mala Musti; Ahmed Mallum. An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. J. Bus. Econ. Dev. 2020, 5(3), 172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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AMA Style

Babagana Mala Musti, Ahmed Mallum. An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria. J Bus Econ Dev. 2020;5(3):172-177. doi: 10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17,
  author = {Babagana Mala Musti and Ahmed Mallum},
  title = {An Assessment of the Effect of Casual Employment on the Level of Poverty and Economic Growth in Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Business and Economic Development},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {172-177},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jbed.20200503.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jbed.20200503.17},
  abstract = {The paper examines the implications of Casual employment on the poverty alleviation efforts of the government and economic growth in Nigeria. The study reviewed the existing literature on Casual employment and their impact on the poverty level in society and the economy. The study used a survey method and analysed the questionnaire distributed to sampled respondents. The study found that remunerations and working condition of casual staff are not fair compared to that of permanent staff. The casual workers are often not paid the minimum wage which is a monthly wage because the casual workers are usually underemployed as such do not get the minimum wage. In our survey, we found that 59% of the (casual staff) respondents have a monthly salary of less than the minimum wage. It shows that Casual work is going against government programmes of employment creation and poverty alleviation. Casual work is detrimental to employees and has grave consequences on the employer and the national economy. Casual staff are mostly low-level workers in every organisation. Many people have classified them as unskilled workers. The survey shows that 26% of the casual staff respondents attended tertiary education level against 40% among the full-time staff. Whereas, 35% of the casual staff have no formal education against 26% of the fulltime staff. The study concludes that Casual work as perpetuated in Nigeria is a threat to the desired level of economic growth and a means of increasing poverty. The Casual employment model enables employers to ignore workplace standards and workers’ social needs. The push towards Casual employment in society is evidence of increasing poverty. The study recommends that the government needs to check the casualisation of work in the employment system, which have a tremendous negative impact on the economy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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