The Nature of Gravitational Collapse

Conrad Ranzan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

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The Nature of Gravitational Collapse

Conrad Ranzan

Published in American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 4, Issue 2)

Received: 11 May 2016 Accepted: 21 May 2016 Published: 4 June 2016

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Abstract

The presentation exploits several recent advances in understanding the nature of the Universe and its space medium. They include: (1) the DSSU theory of gravity, recently validated by successfully predicting observed patterns of galaxy clustering; (2) the new velocity-differential mechanism, a non-Doppler spectral shift; (3) the remarkably simplifying concept of particles, based on the photon, championed by physicist J. G. Williamson; (4) the unique subquantum medium founded in DSSU theory and the manner in which it conducts photons. Based on these concepts, which are essentially natural processes, it is clearly shown, with the aid of 15 figures, how the photon, the Universe’s fundamental energy particle, is causatively linked to gravity and how it plays a major role in gravitational collapse. The main focus is on the nature of end-stage collapse and the processes that maintain a stable state; the detailed discussion includes the calculations of the mass and radius of the final collapsed structure—the Superneutron Star.

Published in	American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
Page(s)	15-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gravity, Gravitational Collapse, Space Medium, Aether, Black Hole, Neutron Density, Neutron Star, Superneutron Star, Aether Deprivation, DSSU Theory

References

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[3]	S. Detweiler, "Resource letter BH-1: Black holes," American Journal of Physics 49 (5): 394–400 (1981). Bibcode: 1981AmJPh..49..394D. doi: 10.1119/1.12686.
[4]	G. Greenstein, Frozen Star (Freundlich Books, New York, 1983) p209.
[5]	R. W. Ronald, Einstein: The Life and Times (The World Publishing Co., New York, 1971) p535.
[6]	C. Ranzan, “The History of the Aether Theory,” Web-article posted at: www.CellularUniverse.org/AA3AetherHistory.htm (accessed 2016/3/15).
[7]	R. T. Cahill, “Space and gravitation,” Magister Botanicus, Vol. 2, pp. 13-22 (January 2004). Posted at: http://www.mountainman.com.au/process_physics/index_of_papers.htm
[8]	C. Ranzan, “The processes of gravitation –The cause and mechanism of gravitation,” Journal of Modern Physics and Applications, Vol. 2014, article: 3 (2014). Posted at: www.cellularuniverse.org/G6GravityProcesses-abst&.htm
[9]	C. Ranzan, Guide to the Construction of the Natural Universe (DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Canada, 2014) www.cellularuniverse.org/
[10]	C. Ranzan, “The story of gravity and Lambda –How the theory of Heraclitus solved the dark matter mystery,” Physics Essays Vol. 23, No. 1, pp75-87 (2010 Mar). Posted at: www.cellularuniverse.org/index.htm
[11]	C. Ranzan, “The Dynamic Steady State Universe,” Physics Essays Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 286-315 (2014 June) (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-27.2.286) Posted at: www.cellularuniverse.org/index.htm
[12]	C. Ranzan, “DSSU validated by redshift theory and structural evidence,” Physics Essays, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp 455-473 (2015 Dec) (Doi: 10.4006/0836-1398-28.4.455). Posted at: www.cellularuniverse.org/index.htm
[13]	J. C. Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, Vol. 2 (Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1873) (Macmillan and Co., London) p 418.
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[16]	S. Glashow, Interactions (Warner Books, New York, 1988) p122.
[17]	Web-article: http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140624fluidtestshintatconcretequantumreality/ (accessed 2015-4-10).
[18]	A. Einstein, Sidelights on Relativity, translated by: G. B. Jeffery and W. Perret, Methuen & Co. London, (1922); republished unabridged and unaltered: Dover, New York, (1983). P23.
[19]	C. Ranzan, “The aether experiments and the impact on cosmology.” Web-article (2009) posted at: (www.cellularuniverse.org/AA1Aether&Cosmology.htm).
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[21]	L. Susskind, The Cosmic Landscape, String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design (Back Bay Books; Little, Brown and Co.; New York; 2006) p 71
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APA Style

Conrad Ranzan. (2016). The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4(2), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

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ACS Style

Conrad Ranzan. The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 4(2), 15-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Conrad Ranzan. The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2016;4(2):15-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11,
  author = {Conrad Ranzan},
  title = {The Nature of Gravitational Collapse},
  journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  abstract = {The presentation exploits several recent advances in understanding the nature of the Universe and its space medium. They include: (1) the DSSU theory of gravity, recently validated by successfully predicting observed patterns of galaxy clustering; (2) the new velocity-differential mechanism, a non-Doppler spectral shift; (3) the remarkably simplifying concept of particles, based on the photon, championed by physicist J. G. Williamson; (4) the unique subquantum medium founded in DSSU theory and the manner in which it conducts photons. Based on these concepts, which are essentially natural processes, it is clearly shown, with the aid of 15 figures, how the photon, the Universe’s fundamental energy particle, is causatively linked to gravity and how it plays a major role in gravitational collapse. The main focus is on the nature of end-stage collapse and the processes that maintain a stable state; the detailed discussion includes the calculations of the mass and radius of the final collapsed structure—the Superneutron Star.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
AU  - Conrad Ranzan
Y1  - 2016/06/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
SP  - 15
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-4686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
AB  - The presentation exploits several recent advances in understanding the nature of the Universe and its space medium. They include: (1) the DSSU theory of gravity, recently validated by successfully predicting observed patterns of galaxy clustering; (2) the new velocity-differential mechanism, a non-Doppler spectral shift; (3) the remarkably simplifying concept of particles, based on the photon, championed by physicist J. G. Williamson; (4) the unique subquantum medium founded in DSSU theory and the manner in which it conducts photons. Based on these concepts, which are essentially natural processes, it is clearly shown, with the aid of 15 figures, how the photon, the Universe’s fundamental energy particle, is causatively linked to gravity and how it plays a major role in gravitational collapse. The main focus is on the nature of end-stage collapse and the processes that maintain a stable state; the detailed discussion includes the calculations of the mass and radius of the final collapsed structure—the Superneutron Star.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Conrad Ranzan

DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada

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APA Style

Conrad Ranzan. (2016). The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 4(2), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Conrad Ranzan. The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2016, 4(2), 15-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

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AMA Style

Conrad Ranzan. The Nature of Gravitational Collapse. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2016;4(2):15-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11,
  author = {Conrad Ranzan},
  title = {The Nature of Gravitational Collapse},
  journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20160402.11},
  abstract = {The presentation exploits several recent advances in understanding the nature of the Universe and its space medium. They include: (1) the DSSU theory of gravity, recently validated by successfully predicting observed patterns of galaxy clustering; (2) the new velocity-differential mechanism, a non-Doppler spectral shift; (3) the remarkably simplifying concept of particles, based on the photon, championed by physicist J. G. Williamson; (4) the unique subquantum medium founded in DSSU theory and the manner in which it conducts photons. Based on these concepts, which are essentially natural processes, it is clearly shown, with the aid of 15 figures, how the photon, the Universe’s fundamental energy particle, is causatively linked to gravity and how it plays a major role in gravitational collapse. The main focus is on the nature of end-stage collapse and the processes that maintain a stable state; the detailed discussion includes the calculations of the mass and radius of the final collapsed structure—the Superneutron Star.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
AU  - Conrad Ranzan
Y1  - 2016/06/04
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
T2  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JF  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
JO  - American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics
SP  - 15
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-4686
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20160402.11
AB  - The presentation exploits several recent advances in understanding the nature of the Universe and its space medium. They include: (1) the DSSU theory of gravity, recently validated by successfully predicting observed patterns of galaxy clustering; (2) the new velocity-differential mechanism, a non-Doppler spectral shift; (3) the remarkably simplifying concept of particles, based on the photon, championed by physicist J. G. Williamson; (4) the unique subquantum medium founded in DSSU theory and the manner in which it conducts photons. Based on these concepts, which are essentially natural processes, it is clearly shown, with the aid of 15 figures, how the photon, the Universe’s fundamental energy particle, is causatively linked to gravity and how it plays a major role in gravitational collapse. The main focus is on the nature of end-stage collapse and the processes that maintain a stable state; the detailed discussion includes the calculations of the mass and radius of the final collapsed structure—the Superneutron Star.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  -

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