American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Chime’s Laws for Distribution of Planets, Moons and Planetary Ring-Systems: Critical Examination of Their Predictions and the Implications

Received: 05 August 2018    Accepted: 22 August 2018    Published: 15 October 2018
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Abstract

Study Aim: The problem as to whether planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system has not been resolved. In this article, the predictions of Chime’s laws for distribution of bodies were critically examined in order to see if planets, moons and planetary ring-systems were randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system. Method: Equations formulated based on the distribution of the known planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system, were used to predict the distribution of these bodies in all the planetary orbits of the solar system. The predictions made by those equations were then compared with observations. Result: The solar system is a 14-orbit system which has between 9 and 13 formed planets, between 190 and 248 formed moons and 6 planetary ring-systems. Many Jupiter’s moons are missing. About three Uranus’ moons await discovery. Pluto is Planet 10 which was predicted to have 6 moons and a planetary ring-system. Planet Eleven, predicted to have 2 moons and a planetary ring-system, has not yet been discovered. The non-random distribution of planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system favoured a formation process that was not prone to chance. There are serious flaws in the IAU definition of planet, which was why it was unable to recognize that Pluto is a Planet. Conclusion: This study has shown that planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are non-randomly distributed in the solar system. The simplicity, elegance and Fibonacci-friendliness of the beta total orbital bodies distribution laws make them very attractive. No standard ring-system or any more moons are expected to be discovered in Section 2.1.1 of the solar system. Astronomers should, therefore, channel their energies and limited resources towards Section 2.1.2 of the solar system where it is necessary to resolve such puzzles as the number of Jupiter’s moons that are actually missing, the group of laws that is operative in the solar system and the fate of Warsawlene, the sixth moon of Pluto. There are serious flaws in the 2006 IAU definition of planet. Systematic theoretical explorations of Division 2.2 should commence with Orbit Eleven and its planet. Recommendations: Search for the three undiscovered moons of Uranus labeled Ezechi, Akanene and Ikechukwu in the order in which they will be discovered; search for the sixth moon of Pluto, Warsawlene; recognizing the planetary status of Pluto; serious efforts to discover Planet Eleven; and coming up with a new and better definition of planet.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12
Published in American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2018)
Page(s) 57-71
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chime’s Laws, Total Orbital Bodies, Planet-Moon Bodies, Distribution of Planets, Distribution of Moons, Distribution of Ring-Systems

References
[1] P. E. Chime, Chap 14 The Laws For The Distribution Of Peripheral Bodies In The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 127 – 136.
[2] G. A. Landis, Origin of Martian Moons from Binary Asteroid Dissociation. American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting; Boston, MA, 2001.
[3] Robin Canup, Julien Salmon, Origin of Phobos and Deimos by the impact of a Vesta-to-Ceres sized body with Mars. Science Advances 18 Apr 2018: Vol. 4, no. 4, eaar6887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar6887
[4] R. M. Canup, E. Asphaug, Origin of the Moon in a giant impact near the end of the Earth's formation. Nature (2001) 412: 708–712
[5] R. A. Lyttleton, On the possible results of an encounter of Pluto with the Neptunian system. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (1936) Vol. 97, p. 108- 115.
[6] P. E. Chime, Chap 5 The Proposed Regions, Divisions, And Sections Of The Solar System. In The Planetary Orbits And Matter Of The Solar System: Analysis 1 (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2012) p 40 - 44.
[7] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix B, Figure B1, p 289.
[8] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix B, Figure B2, p 290.
[9] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix J, Figure J1, p 304.
[10] P. E. Chime, Chap 11 The Planet-Moon Bodies: Examination Of Different Architectural Models For The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 63 – 90.
[11] P. E. Chime, Chap 4 The Structure Of The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 24 – 31.
[12] P. E. Chime, Chap 23. Definition Of Planet. In The Planetary Orbits And Matter Of The Solar System: Analysis 1 (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2012) p 227 – 232.
[13] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix C, Figure C1, p 291
[14] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix H, Figure H1, p 300.
[15] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix H, Figure H2, p 301
[16] P. E. Chime, Chap 13 Total Orbital Bodies. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 104 – 126.
[17] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix G, p 297 – 299.
[18] P. E. Chime, Chap 5 The Proposed Grading Of Planetary Orbits. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 32 – 44.
[19] P. E. Chime, Chap 6 The Proposed Grading Of The Planets. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 45 – 48.
[20] P. E. Chime, The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System, (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) Appendix I, Table I1, p 302 - 303.
[21] J. Warell, O Karlsson, A search for natural satellites of Mercury. Planetary and Space Science (2007), 55 (14): 2037–2041. Bibcode:2007P&SS...55.2037W. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2007.06.004.
[22] S. S. Sheppard, C. A. Trujillo, A survey for satellites of Venus. Icarus 202(2009) p 12 – 16.
[23] M. H. Jones, D. Bewsher, D. S. Brown, Imaging of a Circumsolar Dust Ring Near the Orbit of Venus, Science 22 Nov 2013: Vol. 342, Issue 6161 p 960-963.
[24] S. S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, A survey for outer satellites of Mars: Limits to completeness. The Astronomical Journal (Nov 2004) 128: p 2542 – 2546.
[25] M. R. Showalter, D. P. Hamilton, P. D. Nicholson. A deep search for Martian dust rings and inner moons using the Hubble Space Telescope. Planetary and Space Science (Aug 2006). Vol 54, Issues 9 – 10, p 844 – 854.
[26] P. E. Chime, Chap 28 The Fourteen Planets Of The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 252 – 260.
[27] P. E. Chime, Chap 20 Orbit Five. In The Planetary Orbits And Matter Of The Solar System: Analysis 1 (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2012) p 220 – 224.
[28] ] P. E. Chime, Chap 26 The Formation Of The Peripheral Bodies. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 214 – 236.
[29] P. E. Chime, Chap 21 Orbit Eleven. In The Planetary Orbits And Matter Of The Solar System: Analysis 1 (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2012
[30] P. E. Chime, Chap 20 The Number Of Planets In The Solar System At The Stage 3 Of Peripheral Bodies Formation. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 166 – 176.
[31] P. E. Chime, Chap 22 The Number Of Moons In The Solar System At The Stage 3 Of Peripheral Bodies Formation. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 182 – 189.
[32] P. E. Chime, Chap 10 Formation Of Peripheral Orbits And Peripheral Bodies In The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 56 – 62.
[33] P. E. Chime, Chap 12 The Distribution Pattern of Matter: The Planet’s Masses. In The Planetary Orbits And Matter Of The Solar System: Analysis 1 (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2012) p 155 – 166.
[34] P. E. Chime, Chap 24 The Formation Of Planets And Moons In The Solar System. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 191 – 206.
[35] P. E. Chime, Chap 25 The Formation Of The Planetary Ring-Systems. In The Number And Distribution Of Planetary Orbits, Planets, Moons And Planetary Ring-Systems In The Solar System (Charles-Monica Press, Enugu, 2015) p 208 – 213.
[36] IAU Definition of planet in the solar system. https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/
[37] Jean-Luc Margot, A Quantitative criterion for defining planets. Draft version October 11, 2015.
[38] K. D. Runyon, S. A. Stern, T. R. Lauer, W. Grundy, M. E. Summers, K. N. Singer, A geophysical planet definition. Lunar and planetary science XLVIII (2017).
Author Information
  • Department of Theoretical Astronomy, Charles-Monica Observatory, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, ESUT Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria

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    Chime Peter Ekpunobi. (2018). Chime’s Laws for Distribution of Planets, Moons and Planetary Ring-Systems: Critical Examination of Their Predictions and the Implications. American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 6(3), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12

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    Chime Peter Ekpunobi. Chime’s Laws for Distribution of Planets, Moons and Planetary Ring-Systems: Critical Examination of Their Predictions and the Implications. Am. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2018, 6(3), 57-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12

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    Chime Peter Ekpunobi. Chime’s Laws for Distribution of Planets, Moons and Planetary Ring-Systems: Critical Examination of Their Predictions and the Implications. Am J Astron Astrophys. 2018;6(3):57-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12,
      author = {Chime Peter Ekpunobi},
      title = {Chime’s Laws for Distribution of Planets, Moons and Planetary Ring-Systems: Critical Examination of Their Predictions and the Implications},
      journal = {American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {57-71},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaa.20180603.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaa.20180603.12},
      abstract = {Study Aim: The problem as to whether planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system has not been resolved. In this article, the predictions of Chime’s laws for distribution of bodies were critically examined in order to see if planets, moons and planetary ring-systems were randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system. Method: Equations formulated based on the distribution of the known planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system, were used to predict the distribution of these bodies in all the planetary orbits of the solar system. The predictions made by those equations were then compared with observations. Result: The solar system is a 14-orbit system which has between 9 and 13 formed planets, between 190 and 248 formed moons and 6 planetary ring-systems. Many Jupiter’s moons are missing. About three Uranus’ moons await discovery. Pluto is Planet 10 which was predicted to have 6 moons and a planetary ring-system. Planet Eleven, predicted to have 2 moons and a planetary ring-system, has not yet been discovered. The non-random distribution of planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system favoured a formation process that was not prone to chance. There are serious flaws in the IAU definition of planet, which was why it was unable to recognize that Pluto is a Planet. Conclusion: This study has shown that planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are non-randomly distributed in the solar system. The simplicity, elegance and Fibonacci-friendliness of the beta total orbital bodies distribution laws make them very attractive. No standard ring-system or any more moons are expected to be discovered in Section 2.1.1 of the solar system. Astronomers should, therefore, channel their energies and limited resources towards Section 2.1.2 of the solar system where it is necessary to resolve such puzzles as the number of Jupiter’s moons that are actually missing, the group of laws that is operative in the solar system and the fate of Warsawlene, the sixth moon of Pluto. There are serious flaws in the 2006 IAU definition of planet. Systematic theoretical explorations of Division 2.2 should commence with Orbit Eleven and its planet. Recommendations: Search for the three undiscovered moons of Uranus labeled Ezechi, Akanene and Ikechukwu in the order in which they will be discovered; search for the sixth moon of Pluto, Warsawlene; recognizing the planetary status of Pluto; serious efforts to discover Planet Eleven; and coming up with a new and better definition of planet.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AB  - Study Aim: The problem as to whether planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system has not been resolved. In this article, the predictions of Chime’s laws for distribution of bodies were critically examined in order to see if planets, moons and planetary ring-systems were randomly or non-randomly distributed in the solar system. Method: Equations formulated based on the distribution of the known planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system, were used to predict the distribution of these bodies in all the planetary orbits of the solar system. The predictions made by those equations were then compared with observations. Result: The solar system is a 14-orbit system which has between 9 and 13 formed planets, between 190 and 248 formed moons and 6 planetary ring-systems. Many Jupiter’s moons are missing. About three Uranus’ moons await discovery. Pluto is Planet 10 which was predicted to have 6 moons and a planetary ring-system. Planet Eleven, predicted to have 2 moons and a planetary ring-system, has not yet been discovered. The non-random distribution of planets, moons and planetary ring-systems in the solar system favoured a formation process that was not prone to chance. There are serious flaws in the IAU definition of planet, which was why it was unable to recognize that Pluto is a Planet. Conclusion: This study has shown that planets, moons and planetary ring-systems are non-randomly distributed in the solar system. The simplicity, elegance and Fibonacci-friendliness of the beta total orbital bodies distribution laws make them very attractive. No standard ring-system or any more moons are expected to be discovered in Section 2.1.1 of the solar system. Astronomers should, therefore, channel their energies and limited resources towards Section 2.1.2 of the solar system where it is necessary to resolve such puzzles as the number of Jupiter’s moons that are actually missing, the group of laws that is operative in the solar system and the fate of Warsawlene, the sixth moon of Pluto. There are serious flaws in the 2006 IAU definition of planet. Systematic theoretical explorations of Division 2.2 should commence with Orbit Eleven and its planet. Recommendations: Search for the three undiscovered moons of Uranus labeled Ezechi, Akanene and Ikechukwu in the order in which they will be discovered; search for the sixth moon of Pluto, Warsawlene; recognizing the planetary status of Pluto; serious efforts to discover Planet Eleven; and coming up with a new and better definition of planet.
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