Annual Fluctuations (~10<sup>-12</sup> W•m<sup>-2</sup>) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center

Michael A. Persinger

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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Annual Fluctuations (~10^-12 W•m^-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center

Michael A. Persinger

Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 3, Issue 5)

Received: 28 July 2015 Accepted: 17 August 2015 Published: 29 August 2015

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Abstract

The numbers of photons per second for more than a year (2013-2014) recorded every ~2.5 s by a digital photomultiplier unit was maximum during August to October and minimum during February through April. The peak-to-peak difference in quantity for the classical, smooth variation was 2.4 x 10^-12 W m^-2. This value is within the order of magnitude for a photon source from the galactic center with a power of 1059 J from a spherical surface with a radius defined for a singularity that could be equivalent to the galactic mass. The calculated change in photon flux density from such a source for the annual change in the earth’s distance around the sun relative to the distance to galactic center was ~10^-21 W m^-2 or equivalent to 10 Solar Flux Units (SFU). Data obtained for daily SFU for the years 2009 through 2013 indicated that an average difference was 8 to 10 SFU higher for September-October when the earth would be closer to the galactic center than March-April. The most likely source of the amplitude of the annual variation is consistent with modification by the earth’s position in the solar mass field with respect to the galactic center. These data suggest that at least a subset set of background photon emissions on the earth’s surface display a clear annual variation whose source could originate from a singularity at the distance of the center of the Milky Way.

Published in	International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
Page(s)	70-73
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Photon Flux Density, Annual Variation, Galactic Center, Singularity

References

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[3]	M. A. Persinger, Int. J. Geosci. 3, 192 (2012c).
[4]	M. A. Persinger, G. F. Lafrenie and B. T. Dotta, Int. J. Geosci. 3, 627 (2012).
[5]	B. T. Dotta, C. A. Buckner, D. Cameron, R. F. Lafrenie and M. A. Persinger, Gen. Physiol. Biophys. 30, 301 (2011).
[6]	A. Neronov and I. Vovk, Science 328, 73 (2010).
[7]	M. Opher, F. A. Bibi, G. Toth and J. D. Richardson, Nature 462, 1036 (2009).
[8]	B. T. Dotta and M. A. Persinger, J. Biophys. Chem. 3, 72 (2012).
[9]	F. Martins, S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, R. Genzel, T. Ott and S. Trippe, Astrophys. J. 672, L119 (2008).
[10]	S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, S. Trippe, T. Alexander, R Genzel, F. Martins and T. Ott, Astrophy. J. 692, 1075 (2009).

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Michael A. Persinger. (2015). Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 3(5), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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ACS Style

Michael A. Persinger. Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2015, 3(5), 70-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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Michael A. Persinger. Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2015;3(5):70-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11,
  author = {Michael A. Persinger},
  title = {Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {70-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20150305.11},
  abstract = {The numbers of photons per second for more than a year (2013-2014) recorded every ~2.5 s by a digital photomultiplier unit was maximum during August to October and minimum during February through April. The peak-to-peak difference in quantity for the classical, smooth variation was 2.4 x 10-12 W m-2. This value is within the order of magnitude for a photon source from the galactic center with a power of 1059 J from a spherical surface with a radius defined for a singularity that could be equivalent to the galactic mass. The calculated change in photon flux density from such a source for the annual change in the earth’s distance around the sun relative to the distance to galactic center was ~10-21 W m-2 or equivalent to 10 Solar Flux Units (SFU). Data obtained for daily SFU for the years 2009 through 2013 indicated that an average difference was 8 to 10 SFU higher for September-October when the earth would be closer to the galactic center than March-April. The most likely source of the amplitude of the annual variation is consistent with modification by the earth’s position in the solar mass field with respect to the galactic center. These data suggest that at least a subset set of background photon emissions on the earth’s surface display a clear annual variation whose source could originate from a singularity at the distance of the center of the Milky Way.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center
AU  - Michael A. Persinger
Y1  - 2015/08/29
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 70
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
AB  - The numbers of photons per second for more than a year (2013-2014) recorded every ~2.5 s by a digital photomultiplier unit was maximum during August to October and minimum during February through April. The peak-to-peak difference in quantity for the classical, smooth variation was 2.4 x 10-12 W m-2. This value is within the order of magnitude for a photon source from the galactic center with a power of 1059 J from a spherical surface with a radius defined for a singularity that could be equivalent to the galactic mass. The calculated change in photon flux density from such a source for the annual change in the earth’s distance around the sun relative to the distance to galactic center was ~10-21 W m-2 or equivalent to 10 Solar Flux Units (SFU). Data obtained for daily SFU for the years 2009 through 2013 indicated that an average difference was 8 to 10 SFU higher for September-October when the earth would be closer to the galactic center than March-April. The most likely source of the amplitude of the annual variation is consistent with modification by the earth’s position in the solar mass field with respect to the galactic center. These data suggest that at least a subset set of background photon emissions on the earth’s surface display a clear annual variation whose source could originate from a singularity at the distance of the center of the Milky Way.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Michael A. Persinger

Quantum Molecular Biology Laboratory, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Michael A. Persinger. (2015). Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, 3(5), 70-73. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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ACS Style

Michael A. Persinger. Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. Int. J. Astrophys. Space Sci. 2015, 3(5), 70-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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AMA Style

Michael A. Persinger. Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center. Int J Astrophys Space Sci. 2015;3(5):70-73. doi: 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11,
  author = {Michael A. Persinger},
  title = {Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center},
  journal = {International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science},
  volume = {3},
  number = {5},
  pages = {70-73},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijass.20150305.11},
  abstract = {The numbers of photons per second for more than a year (2013-2014) recorded every ~2.5 s by a digital photomultiplier unit was maximum during August to October and minimum during February through April. The peak-to-peak difference in quantity for the classical, smooth variation was 2.4 x 10-12 W m-2. This value is within the order of magnitude for a photon source from the galactic center with a power of 1059 J from a spherical surface with a radius defined for a singularity that could be equivalent to the galactic mass. The calculated change in photon flux density from such a source for the annual change in the earth’s distance around the sun relative to the distance to galactic center was ~10-21 W m-2 or equivalent to 10 Solar Flux Units (SFU). Data obtained for daily SFU for the years 2009 through 2013 indicated that an average difference was 8 to 10 SFU higher for September-October when the earth would be closer to the galactic center than March-April. The most likely source of the amplitude of the annual variation is consistent with modification by the earth’s position in the solar mass field with respect to the galactic center. These data suggest that at least a subset set of background photon emissions on the earth’s surface display a clear annual variation whose source could originate from a singularity at the distance of the center of the Milky Way.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Annual Fluctuations (~10-12 W•m-2) in Ground Level Photon Power Densities: Quantitative Evidence for Possible Modulation From the Galactic Center
AU  - Michael A. Persinger
Y1  - 2015/08/29
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
T2  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JF  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
JO  - International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
SP  - 70
EP  - 73
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7022
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20150305.11
AB  - The numbers of photons per second for more than a year (2013-2014) recorded every ~2.5 s by a digital photomultiplier unit was maximum during August to October and minimum during February through April. The peak-to-peak difference in quantity for the classical, smooth variation was 2.4 x 10-12 W m-2. This value is within the order of magnitude for a photon source from the galactic center with a power of 1059 J from a spherical surface with a radius defined for a singularity that could be equivalent to the galactic mass. The calculated change in photon flux density from such a source for the annual change in the earth’s distance around the sun relative to the distance to galactic center was ~10-21 W m-2 or equivalent to 10 Solar Flux Units (SFU). Data obtained for daily SFU for the years 2009 through 2013 indicated that an average difference was 8 to 10 SFU higher for September-October when the earth would be closer to the galactic center than March-April. The most likely source of the amplitude of the annual variation is consistent with modification by the earth’s position in the solar mass field with respect to the galactic center. These data suggest that at least a subset set of background photon emissions on the earth’s surface display a clear annual variation whose source could originate from a singularity at the distance of the center of the Milky Way.
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
ER  -

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