Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites

Henry Chinedu Obasi; Simeon Nwanonenyi; Innocent Eze; Ihuoma Chukwujike; Chioma Anyiam; Felix Aguele; Kashif Ijaz

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites

Henry Chinedu Obasi, Simeon Nwanonenyi, Innocent Eze, Ihuoma Chukwujike, Chioma Anyiam, Felix Aguele, Kashif Ijaz

Published in American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 8 May 2017 Accepted: 31 May 2017 Published: 30 June 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

We report the transport behaviour of low density polyethylene composites containing both untreated and alkali-treated agro-waste microfibre in three aromatic organic solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) at 40, 60 and 80°C by the conventional weight-gain method. The effects of fibre content, alkali treatment, and filler particle size on solvent sorption were analysed. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated in terms of microfibre content, particle size, nature of the solvent, and temperature. It was observed that all the systems follow the Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The van’t Hoff’s relationship was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and was found that the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive, indicating non-spontaneity of the solubility of micro fibre/LDPE composites. The first order kinetic rate constant and swelling parameters were also evaluated.

Published in	American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
Page(s)	50-63
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Agro-waste Fibre, Alkali Treatment, Transport Parameter, Fickian, Activation Energies

References

[1]	Kutty, C. M., Sunilkumar, M., Sujith, A. and Jahfar, M. (2013), Molecular transport of chloromethanes through epdm/pvc systems. Acta Chim. Pharm. Indica, 3, 1, 10-16.
[2]	Paul, D. (1984), Gas transport in homogeneous multicomponent polymers. Journal of membrane Science, 18, 75-86.
[3]	Chiou, J. and Paul, D. R. (1986), Sorption and transport of CO2 in PVF2/PMMA blends. Journal of applied polymer science, 32, 1, 2897-2918.
[4]	Roopa, S. and Guruprasad, K. (2003), Interaction of crosslinked ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer blends with chlorinated organic penetrants. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 88, 5, 1366-1375.
[5]	Crank, J. and Park, G. S. (1968), Diffusion in polymers. Academic Press London.
[6]	Odani, H., Uchikura, M., Ogino, Y. and Kurata, M. (1983), Diffusion and Solution of Methanol Vapor in Poly (2-vinylpyridine)-block-Polyisoprene and Poly (2-vinylpyridine)-block-Polystyrene. Journal of Membrane Science, 15, 2, 193-208.
[7]	George, S. C., Thomas, S. and Ninan, K. (1996), Molecular transport of aromatic hydrocarbons through crosslinked styrene-butadiene rubber membranes. Polymer, 37, 26, 5839-5848.
[8]	Stephen, R., Varghese, S., Joseph, K., Oommen, Z. and Thomas, S. (2006), Diffusion and transport through nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR), carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and their blends. Journal of membrane science, 282, 1, 162-170.
[9]	Johnson, T. and Thomas, S. (1999), Natural rubber/epoxidised natural rubber-25 blends: morphology, transport phenomena and mechanical properties. Journal of materials science, 34, 13, 3221-3239.
[10]	Wang, J. and Wu, W. (2005), Swelling behaviors, tensile properties and thermodynamic studies of water sorption of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate/epoxy methacrylate copolymeric hydrogels. European polymer journal, 41, 5, 1143-1151.
[11]	Kumar, R. P. and Thomas, S. (2001), Interfacial adhesion in sisal fiber/SBR composites: an investigation by the restricted equilibrium swelling technique. Journal of adhesion science and technology, 15, 6, 633-652.
[12]	Rezakazemi, M., Vatani, A. and Mohammadi, T. (2015), Synergistic interactions between POSS and fumed silica and their effect on the properties of crosslinked PDMS nanocomposite membranes. RSC Advances, 5, 100, 82460-82470.
[13]	Farno, E., Rezakazemi, M., Mohammadi, T. and Kasiri, N. (2014), Ternary gas permeation through synthesized PDMS membranes: Experimental and CFD simulation based on a sorption‐dependent system using neural network model. Polymer Engineering & Science, 54, 1, 215-226.
[14]	Cates, D. M. and White, H. J. (1956), Preparation and properties of fibres containing mixed polymers. I. Polyacrylonitrile‐cellulose acetate fibres. Journal of Polymer Science, 20, 94, 155-180.
[15]	Cates, D. M. and White, H. J. (1956), Preparation and properties of fibres containing mixed polymers. II. Polyacrylonitrile‐cellulose fibres. Journal of Polymer Science, 20, 94, 181-195.
[16]	Cates, D. M. and White, H. J. (1956), Preparation and properties of fibres containing mixed polymers. III. Polyacrylonitrile‐silk fibres. Journal of Polymer Science, 21, 97, 125-138.
[17]	Jacob, M., Varughese, K. and Thomas, S. (2005), Water sorption studies of hybrid biofiber-reinforced natural rubber biocomposites. Biomacromolecules, 6, 6, 2969-2979.
[18]	Mathew, L., Joseph, K. and Joseph, R. (2006), Swelling behaviour of isora/natural rubber composites in oils used in automobiles. Bulletin of Materials Science, 29, 1, 91-99.
[19]	Mathew, T. V. and Kuriakose, S. (2007), Molecular transport of aromatic hydrocarbons through lignin-filled natural rubber composites. Polymer Composites, 28, 1, 15-22.
[20]	Gassan, J., Gutowski, V. S. and Bledzki, A. K. (2000), About the surface characteristics of natural fibres. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 283, 1, 132-139.
[21]	Kwei, T. and Kunins, C. (1964), Polymer–filler interaction: Vapour sorption studies. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 8, 3, 1483-1490.
[22]	George, S., Varughese, K. and Thomas, S. (2000), Molecular transport of aromatic solvents in isotactic polypropylene/acrylonitrile-co-butadiene rubber blends. Polymer, 41, 2, 579-594.
[23]	Billmeyer, F. W. (1971), Textbook of polymer science.
[24]	Ferreira, L., Falcao, A. and Gil, M. (2005), Modification of LDPE molecular structure by gamma irradiation for bioapplications. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 236, 1, 513-520.
[25]	Faisal, A. and Salmah, H. (2011), Mechanical and thermal properties of compatibilized waste office white paper-filled low-density polyethylene composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 0892705711408164.
[26]	Diop, A., Mijiyawa, F., Koffi, D., Kokta, B. V. and Montplaisir, D. (2015), Study of lignin dispersion in low-density polyethylene. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 28, 12, 1662-1674.
[27]	Sarifuddin, N., Ismail, H. and Ahmad, Z. (2013), Studies of properties and characteristics of low-density polyethylene/thermoplastic sago starch-reinforced kenaf core fibre composites. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, 0892705713486125.
[28]	Subramaniam, V., Menon, N. R., Sin, H. and May, C. Y. (2013), The development of a residual oil recovery system to increase the revenue of a palm oil mill. Journal of oil palm research, 25, 1, 116-122.
[29]	Obasi, H. C., Ogbobe, O. and Igwe, I. O. (2009), Diffusion Characteristics of Toluene into Natural Rubber/Linear Low Density Polyethylene Blends. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2009, 1-6.
[30]	Desai, A. B. and Wilkes, G. L. (1974), Solvent‐induced crystallisation of polyethylene terephthalate. Wiley Online Library, City.
[31]	Igwe, I. O. and Ezeani, O. E. (2012), Studies on the Transport of Aromatic Solvents through Filled Natural Rubber. International Journal of Polymer Science, 2012, 1-11.
[32]	Sareena, C., Ramesan, M. T. and Purushothaman, E. (2012), Transport studies of peanut shell powder reinforced natural rubber composites in aromatic solvents. Polymer Composites, 33, 10, 1678-1692.
[33]	Joseph, S., Thomas, S., Joseph, K., Cvelbar, U., Panja, P. and Ceh, M. (2012), Molecular transport of aromatic solvents through oil palm microfiber filled natural rubber composites: the role of fibre content and interface adhesion on transport. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 26, 1-3, 271-288.
[34]	Bledzki, A. and Gassan, J. (1999), Composites reinforced with cellulose based fibres. Progress in Polymer Science, 24, 54.
[35]	Mylsamy, K. and Rajendran, I. (2011), The mechanical properties, deformation and thermomechanical properties of alkali treated and untreated Agave continuous fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Materials & Design, 32, 5, 3076-3084.
[36]	Uragami, T., Morikawa, T. and Okuno, H. (1989), Characteristics of permeation and separation of aqueous alcohol solutions through hydrophobic polymer membranes. Polymer, 30, 6, 1117-1122.
[37]	Okuno, H., Nishimoto, H., Miyata, T. and Uragami, T. (1993), Behaviour of permeation and separation for aqueous organic acid solutions through poly (vinyl chloride) and poly [(vinyl chloride)-co-(vinyl acetate)] membranes. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 194, 3, 927-939.
[38]	Padhi, S., ACHARY, P. G. R. and NAYAK, N. C. (2015), Molecular transport behaviour of organic solvents through halloysite nanotubes filled ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer. Bulletin of Materials Science, 38, 4, 925-933.
[39]	Sareena, C., Sreejith, M., Ramesan, M. and Purushothaman, E. (2015), Transport properties of coconut shell powder (CSP)-reinforced natural rubber composites in aromatic solvents. Polymer Bulletin, 72, 7, 1683-1702.
[40]	George, S. C., Groeninckx, G., Ninan, K. and Thomas, S. (2000), Molecular transport of aromatic hydrocarbons through nylon‐6/ethylene propylene rubber blends: Relationship between phase morphology and transport characteristics. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 16, 2136-2153.
[41]	Stephen, R., Joseph, K., Oommen, Z. and Thomas, S. (2007), Molecular transport of aromatic solvents through microcomposites of natural rubber (NR), carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and their blends. Composites science and technology, 67, 6, 1187-1194.
[42]	Crank, J. (1975), The Mathematics of Diffusion: 2d Ed. Clarendon Press.
[43]	Peppas, N. and Ritger, P. L. (1987), A simple equation for description of solute release. I. Fickian and non-Fickian release from non-swellable devices in the form of slabs, spheres, cylinders or discs. J. Controlled Release, 5, 23-36.
[44]	Etters, J. N. (1980), Diffusion Equations Made Easy. Textile Chemist & Colorist, 12, 6.
[45]	Mullarney, M. P., Seery, T. A. and Weiss, R. (2006), Drug diffusion in hydrophobically modified N, N-dimethyl acrylamide hydrogels. Polymer, 47, 11, 3845-3855.
[46]	Johnson, T. and Thomas, S. (2000), Effect of epoxidation on the transport behaviour and mechanical properties of natural rubber. Polymer, 41, 20, 7511-7522.
[47]	Unnikrishnan, G., Thomas, S. and Varghese, S. (1996), Sorption and diffusion of aromatic hydrocarbons through filled natural rubber. Polymer, 37, 13, 2687-2693.
[48]	Michaels, A. S., Vieth, W., Hoffman, A. S. and Alcalay, H. A. (1969), Structure–property relationships for liquid transport in modified polypropylene membranes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 4, 577-598.
[49]	Visakh, P., Thomas, S., Oksman, K. and Mathew, A. P. (2012), Cellulose nanofibres and cellulose nanowhiskers based natural rubber composites: Diffusion, sorption, and permeation of aromatic organic solvents. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 124, 2, 1614-1623.
[50]	Aithal, U., Aminabhavi, T. and Cassidy, P. (1989), Barrier polymer and structures. City.
[51]	Lucht, L. M. and Peppas, N. A. (1987), Transport of penetrants in the macromolecular structure of coals. V. Anomalous transport in pretreated coal particles. Journal of applied polymer science, 33, 5, 1557-1566.
[52]	Wang, J., Wu, W. and Lin, Z. (2008), Kinetics and thermodynamics of the water sorption of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate/styrene copolymer hydrogels. Journal of applied polymer science, 109, 5, 3018-3023.
[53]	Bajpai, A., Bajpai, J. and Shukla, S. (2002), Water sorption through a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic chains. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 50, 1, 9-21.
[54]	Kumnuantip, C. and Sombatsompop, N. (2003), Dynamic mechanical properties and swelling behaviour of NR/reclaimed rubber blends. Materials Letters, 57, 21, 3167-3174.
[55]	Manjula, K. (2010), Sorption and Diffusion of Substituted Aromatic Organic Penetrants into Carboxylic Acid-Based Chain Extended Polyurethane Membranes. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 55, 6, 2271-2278.
[56]	Harogoppad, S. and Aminabhavi, T. (1991), Diffusion and sorption of organic liquids through polymer membranes. II. Neoprene, SBR, EPDM, NBR, and natural rubber versus n‐alkanes. Journal of applied polymer science, 42, 8, 2329-2336.
[57]	Harogoppad, S. B., Aminabhavi, T. M. and Balundgi, R. H. (1991), Sorption and transport of aqueous salt solution in polyurethane membrane at 25, 44, and 60°C. Journal of applied polymer science, 42, 5, 1297-1306.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi, Simeon Nwanonenyi, Innocent Eze, Ihuoma Chukwujike, Chioma Anyiam, et al. (2017). Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 3(4), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi; Simeon Nwanonenyi; Innocent Eze; Ihuoma Chukwujike; Chioma Anyiam, et al. Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2017, 3(4), 50-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi, Simeon Nwanonenyi, Innocent Eze, Ihuoma Chukwujike, Chioma Anyiam, et al. Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2017;3(4):50-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11,
  author = {Henry Chinedu Obasi and Simeon Nwanonenyi and Innocent Eze and Ihuoma Chukwujike and Chioma Anyiam and Felix Aguele and Kashif Ijaz},
  title = {Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {50-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  abstract = {We report the transport behaviour of low density polyethylene composites containing both untreated and alkali-treated agro-waste microfibre in three aromatic organic solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) at 40, 60 and 80°C by the conventional weight-gain method. The effects of fibre content, alkali treatment, and filler particle size on solvent sorption were analysed. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated in terms of microfibre content, particle size, nature of the solvent, and temperature. It was observed that all the systems follow the Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The van’t Hoff’s relationship was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and was found that the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive, indicating non-spontaneity of the solubility of micro fibre/LDPE composites. The first order kinetic rate constant and swelling parameters were also evaluated.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites
AU  - Henry Chinedu Obasi
AU  - Simeon Nwanonenyi
AU  - Innocent Eze
AU  - Ihuoma Chukwujike
AU  - Chioma Anyiam
AU  - Felix Aguele
AU  - Kashif Ijaz
Y1  - 2017/06/30
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
AB  - We report the transport behaviour of low density polyethylene composites containing both untreated and alkali-treated agro-waste microfibre in three aromatic organic solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) at 40, 60 and 80°C by the conventional weight-gain method. The effects of fibre content, alkali treatment, and filler particle size on solvent sorption were analysed. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated in terms of microfibre content, particle size, nature of the solvent, and temperature. It was observed that all the systems follow the Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The van’t Hoff’s relationship was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and was found that the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive, indicating non-spontaneity of the solubility of micro fibre/LDPE composites. The first order kinetic rate constant and swelling parameters were also evaluated.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Henry Chinedu Obasi

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Simeon Nwanonenyi

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Innocent Eze

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Ihuoma Chukwujike

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Chioma Anyiam

Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
Felix Aguele

Department of Chemical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
Kashif Ijaz

Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi, Simeon Nwanonenyi, Innocent Eze, Ihuoma Chukwujike, Chioma Anyiam, et al. (2017). Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 3(4), 50-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi; Simeon Nwanonenyi; Innocent Eze; Ihuoma Chukwujike; Chioma Anyiam, et al. Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2017, 3(4), 50-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Henry Chinedu Obasi, Simeon Nwanonenyi, Innocent Eze, Ihuoma Chukwujike, Chioma Anyiam, et al. Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2017;3(4):50-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11,
  author = {Henry Chinedu Obasi and Simeon Nwanonenyi and Innocent Eze and Ihuoma Chukwujike and Chioma Anyiam and Felix Aguele and Kashif Ijaz},
  title = {Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites},
  journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {50-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20170304.11},
  abstract = {We report the transport behaviour of low density polyethylene composites containing both untreated and alkali-treated agro-waste microfibre in three aromatic organic solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) at 40, 60 and 80°C by the conventional weight-gain method. The effects of fibre content, alkali treatment, and filler particle size on solvent sorption were analysed. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated in terms of microfibre content, particle size, nature of the solvent, and temperature. It was observed that all the systems follow the Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The van’t Hoff’s relationship was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and was found that the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive, indicating non-spontaneity of the solubility of micro fibre/LDPE composites. The first order kinetic rate constant and swelling parameters were also evaluated.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Organic Solvents Transport Through Alkali-Treated Agro-waste Microfibre Incorporated with Low Density Polyethylene Composites
AU  - Henry Chinedu Obasi
AU  - Simeon Nwanonenyi
AU  - Innocent Eze
AU  - Ihuoma Chukwujike
AU  - Chioma Anyiam
AU  - Felix Aguele
AU  - Kashif Ijaz
Y1  - 2017/06/30
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
T2  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology
SP  - 50
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5986
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20170304.11
AB  - We report the transport behaviour of low density polyethylene composites containing both untreated and alkali-treated agro-waste microfibre in three aromatic organic solvents (benzene, toluene, and xylene) at 40, 60 and 80°C by the conventional weight-gain method. The effects of fibre content, alkali treatment, and filler particle size on solvent sorption were analysed. Transport parameters such as diffusion coefficient, sorption coefficient, and permeation coefficient have been calculated in terms of microfibre content, particle size, nature of the solvent, and temperature. It was observed that all the systems follow the Fickian mode of transport on increasing temperature. The van’t Hoff’s relationship was used to determine the thermodynamic parameters and was found that the estimated free energies of sorption were all positive, indicating non-spontaneity of the solubility of micro fibre/LDPE composites. The first order kinetic rate constant and swelling parameters were also evaluated.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download