| Peer-Reviewed

Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Received: 4 August 2020    Accepted: 21 August 2020    Published: 10 September 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Employee satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a measure that largely determines the productivity and efficiency of health institutions. This study assessed employees’ satisfaction with preparedness for, and response to COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) for data collection from employees at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS. ti software. The statistical measures for the quantitative analysis were the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 590 respondents with mean age 38.9 ± 9.7 years and 20 focus group discussion (FGD) participants participated in the study. Overall, 368 (62.4%) of employees were satisfied with the measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the facility. Staff were most satisfied with infection prevention and control measures (72.9%) and information and education communication (IEC) on respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette (67.8%). Age of respondents <40 years, being a clinical staff and having direct contact with patients were significant predictors of employee satisfaction, aOR 0.661 (p=0.024); aOR 0.528; (p=0.003); aOR 0.594 (p=0.039), respectively. Thematic analysis of the FGDs revealed that awareness creation about COVID-19, and policies and protocols were areas that employees were least satisfied with. In conclusion, two-thirds of employees were overall satisfied with measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the health facility. Younger staff and those who worked in clinical areas, were less satisfied than other groups. The management of the study facility can leverage these findings to sustain and strengthen IPC and IEC measures while addressing communication of policies and protocols in areas where staff were less satisfied.

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12
Page(s) 242-250
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Employee Satisfaction, Tertiary Health Facilities, COVID-19

References
[1] Janardhanan A. K and George S. A Study On Job Satisfaction Of Employees In Bpcl – Kochi Refinery Limited, Ambalamugal. 2011. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281857611_A_STUDY_ON_JOB_SATISFACTION_OF_EMPLOYEES_IN_BPCL-KOCHI_REFINERY_LIMITED_AMBALAMUGAL
[2] Singh T, Kaur M, Verma M and Kumar R. Job satisfaction among health care providers: A cross-sectional study in public health facilities of Punjab, India. Journal of family Medicine and Primary Care. 2019; 8 (10): 3268-3275. Available at: http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863; year=2019; volume=8; issue=10; spage=3268; epage=3275; aulast=Singh.
[3] Ndubuisi-Okolo P. U, Yusuf A. E and Anigbogu T. Influencing Employees Job Attitude In Nigeria: A Critical Review. IOSR Journal of Business and Management. 2017: 19 (12): 35-40. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322702272_Influencing_Employees_Job_Attitude_In_Nigeria_A_Critical_Review.
[4] Peters, D. H., Chakraborty, S., Mahapatra, P. et al. Job satisfaction and motivation of health workers in public and private sectors: cross-sectional analysis from two Indian states. Hum Resour Health. 2010; 8 (27). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-8-27.
[5] Merga, H., Fufa, T. Impacts of working environment and benefits packages on the health professionals’ job satisfaction in selected public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: using principal component analysis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019; 19 (494). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4317-5.
[6] Deriba BK, Sinke SO, Ereso BM, Badacho AS. Health professionals' job satisfaction and associated factors at public health centers in West Ethiopia. Hum Resour Health. 2017; 15 (1): 36. Available at: doi: 10.1186/s12960-017-0206-3.
[7] Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare System Preparedness and Response. CDC. 2016. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/planning-preparedness/healthcare-preparedness-response.html.
[8] World Health Organisation. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: rights, roles and responsibilities of health workers, including key considerations for occupational safety and health. WHO. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/health-workers.
[9] Gyang M. D, Dankyau M, Gidado S et al. Job satisfaction among Healthcare Workers at a District Hospital in Plateau State, Nigeria. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics. 2020; 20: 111-116. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334487548_job_satisfaction_among_healthcare_workers_at_a_district_hospital_in_plateau_state_nigeria.
[10] Tih. F. Nigeria: 800 Healthcare Workers Infected with Covid-19. AA. 2020. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/nigeria-800-health-workers-infected-with-covid-19/1863747.
[11] Wiskow C. and Hopfe M. Five ways to protect health workers during the COVID-19 crisis. ILO. 2020. Available at: https://iloblog.org/2020/04/01/five-ways-to-protect-health-workers-during-the-covid-19-crisis/.
[12] World Health Organisation. Strengthening the Health Systems Response to COVID-19. WHO. 2020. Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/436354/strengthening-health-systems-response-COVID-19-technical-guidance-1.pdf.
[13] Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Steps Healthcare Facilities Can Take Now to Prepare for COVID-19. CDC. 2020. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/steps-to-prepare.html.
[14] University of Benin Teaching Hospital. About UBTH. UBTH. 2020. Available at: https://ubth.org/general-information/.
[15] Cochrane G. Sampling techniques. 2nd ed. New York.: John Willey and Sons Inc; 1963.
[16] Peters A, Lotfinejad N, Simniceanu A, Pittet D. The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus J Infect. 2020; S0163-4453 (20) 302401. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7179502/.
[17] Zhang S, Liu J, Afshar A, Nawaser K, Yousefi A, Li J and Sun, S. At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff’s health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19. 2020; 87: 144-146. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159120307832.
[18] Lai, X., Wang, X., Yang, Q. et al. Will healthcare workers improve infection prevention and control behaviors as COVID-19 risk emerges and increases, in China? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2020; 9 (83). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-00746-1.
[19] WHO. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangering health workers worldwide. World Health Organisation. 2020. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide.
[20] Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F, Wang Y, Nie H, Zhang L, You G. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2020; 105: 183-187. Available at: https://www.journalofhospitalinfection.com/article/S0195-6701(20) 30187-0/fulltext).
[21] Chou R, Dana T, Buckley D, Selph S. Epidemiology of and risk factors for Coronavirus infection in Health Care Workers. Annals of internal medicine. 2020. Available at: https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-1632.
[22] Li R. C, Chung D. L. The role of hospital infection control in flattening the covid-19 curve: lessons from south korea. Health affairs. 2020. Available at: https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200511.415767/full/.
[23] Wee LE, Conceicao EP, Sim XYJ, et al. Minimizing intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19: the role of social distancing. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 105 (2): 113-115. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.016.
[24] Olum R, Chekwech G, Wekha G, Nassozi R and Bongomin F. Coronavirus Disease-2019: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Health Care Workers at Makerere University Teaching Hospitals, Uganda. Frontier Public Health. 2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00181.
[25] Khamlub S, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Sarker MA, Hirosawa T, Outavong P, Sakamoto J. Job satisfaction of health-care workers at health centers in Vientiane Capital and Bolikhamsai Province, Lao PDR. Nagoya J Med Sci. 2013; 75 (3-4): 233-241. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4345678/.
[26] Meng R, Li J, Zhang Y, et al. Evaluation of Patient and Medical Staff Satisfaction regarding Healthcare Services in Wuhan Public Hospitals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018; 15 (4): 769. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040769.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Esohe Olivia Ogboghodo, Joy Chinyere Nwaogwugwu, Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa Obarisiagbon, Orezimena Temitope Omo-Ikirodah, Edith Imuwahen Uwugiaren, et al. (2020). Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. Central African Journal of Public Health, 6(5), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Esohe Olivia Ogboghodo; Joy Chinyere Nwaogwugwu; Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa Obarisiagbon; Orezimena Temitope Omo-Ikirodah; Edith Imuwahen Uwugiaren, et al. Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2020, 6(5), 242-250. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Esohe Olivia Ogboghodo, Joy Chinyere Nwaogwugwu, Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa Obarisiagbon, Orezimena Temitope Omo-Ikirodah, Edith Imuwahen Uwugiaren, et al. Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2020;6(5):242-250. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12,
      author = {Esohe Olivia Ogboghodo and Joy Chinyere Nwaogwugwu and Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa Obarisiagbon and Orezimena Temitope Omo-Ikirodah and Edith Imuwahen Uwugiaren and Obehi Aituaje Akoria and Darlington Ewaen Obaseki and Mokogwu Ndubuisi},
      title = {Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria},
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {6},
      number = {5},
      pages = {242-250},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20200605.12},
      abstract = {Employee satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a measure that largely determines the productivity and efficiency of health institutions. This study assessed employees’ satisfaction with preparedness for, and response to COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) for data collection from employees at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS. ti software. The statistical measures for the quantitative analysis were the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 590 respondents with mean age 38.9 ± 9.7 years and 20 focus group discussion (FGD) participants participated in the study. Overall, 368 (62.4%) of employees were satisfied with the measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the facility. Staff were most satisfied with infection prevention and control measures (72.9%) and information and education communication (IEC) on respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette (67.8%). Age of respondents <40 years, being a clinical staff and having direct contact with patients were significant predictors of employee satisfaction, aOR 0.661 (p=0.024); aOR 0.528; (p=0.003); aOR 0.594 (p=0.039), respectively. Thematic analysis of the FGDs revealed that awareness creation about COVID-19, and policies and protocols were areas that employees were least satisfied with. In conclusion, two-thirds of employees were overall satisfied with measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the health facility. Younger staff and those who worked in clinical areas, were less satisfied than other groups. The management of the study facility can leverage these findings to sustain and strengthen IPC and IEC measures while addressing communication of policies and protocols in areas where staff were less satisfied.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Health Facility Preparedness and Response to COVID-19: An Assessment of Employee Satisfaction in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria
    AU  - Esohe Olivia Ogboghodo
    AU  - Joy Chinyere Nwaogwugwu
    AU  - Otaniyenuwa Eloghosa Obarisiagbon
    AU  - Orezimena Temitope Omo-Ikirodah
    AU  - Edith Imuwahen Uwugiaren
    AU  - Obehi Aituaje Akoria
    AU  - Darlington Ewaen Obaseki
    AU  - Mokogwu Ndubuisi
    Y1  - 2020/09/10
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12
    T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
    SP  - 242
    EP  - 250
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5781
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20200605.12
    AB  - Employee satisfaction is increasingly recognized as a measure that largely determines the productivity and efficiency of health institutions. This study assessed employees’ satisfaction with preparedness for, and response to COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative) for data collection from employees at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 while qualitative data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS. ti software. The statistical measures for the quantitative analysis were the adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. A total of 590 respondents with mean age 38.9 ± 9.7 years and 20 focus group discussion (FGD) participants participated in the study. Overall, 368 (62.4%) of employees were satisfied with the measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the facility. Staff were most satisfied with infection prevention and control measures (72.9%) and information and education communication (IEC) on respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette (67.8%). Age of respondents <40 years, being a clinical staff and having direct contact with patients were significant predictors of employee satisfaction, aOR 0.661 (p=0.024); aOR 0.528; (p=0.003); aOR 0.594 (p=0.039), respectively. Thematic analysis of the FGDs revealed that awareness creation about COVID-19, and policies and protocols were areas that employees were least satisfied with. In conclusion, two-thirds of employees were overall satisfied with measures put in place to combat COVID-19 in the health facility. Younger staff and those who worked in clinical areas, were less satisfied than other groups. The management of the study facility can leverage these findings to sustain and strengthen IPC and IEC measures while addressing communication of policies and protocols in areas where staff were less satisfied.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Nursing Services, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Geriatrics, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Department of Community Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • Sections