The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya

Eppy Setiyowati; Fitriyah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya

Eppy Setiyowati, Fitriyah

Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 16 September 2019 Accepted: 28 October 2019 Published: 13 November 2019

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Abstract

Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is a mistake when brushing of teeth. The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teethes, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at Surabaya. The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of ρ = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that ρ < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at Surabaya. Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.

Published in	Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
Page(s)	287-291
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Snowball Throwing, Brushing Teeth, Behavior

References

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APA Style

Eppy Setiyowati, Fitriyah. (2019). The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Central African Journal of Public Health, 5(6), 287-291. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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ACS Style

Eppy Setiyowati; Fitriyah. The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2019, 5(6), 287-291. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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AMA Style

Eppy Setiyowati, Fitriyah. The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2019;5(6):287-291. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20,
  author = {Eppy Setiyowati and Fitriyah},
  title = {The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {287-291},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20190506.20},
  abstract = {Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is a mistake when brushing of teeth. The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teethes, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at Surabaya. The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of ρ = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that ρ < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at Surabaya. Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya
AU  - Eppy Setiyowati
AU  - Fitriyah
Y1  - 2019/11/13
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 287
EP  - 291
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
AB  - Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is a mistake when brushing of teeth. The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teethes, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at Surabaya. The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of ρ = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that ρ < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at Surabaya. Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Eppy Setiyowati

Faculty Nursing and Midwifery, University Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Fitriyah

Faculty Nursing and Midwifery, University Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Eppy Setiyowati, Fitriyah. (2019). The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Central African Journal of Public Health, 5(6), 287-291. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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ACS Style

Eppy Setiyowati; Fitriyah. The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2019, 5(6), 287-291. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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AMA Style

Eppy Setiyowati, Fitriyah. The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2019;5(6):287-291. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20

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@article{10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20,
  author = {Eppy Setiyowati and Fitriyah},
  title = {The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya},
  journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {287-291},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20190506.20},
  abstract = {Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is a mistake when brushing of teeth. The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teethes, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at Surabaya. The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of ρ = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that ρ < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at Surabaya. Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of the Snowball Throwing Method on Changes in Brushing Behavior in 4th Grade Children at Surabaya
AU  - Eppy Setiyowati
AU  - Fitriyah
Y1  - 2019/11/13
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
DO  - 10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
T2  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JF  - Central African Journal of Public Health
JO  - Central African Journal of Public Health
SP  - 287
EP  - 291
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5781
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190506.20
AB  - Tooth decay is experienced by many children, such as cavities, tartar, inflammation of the gums, sensitive teeth, and bad breath, the cause is a mistake when brushing of teeth. The snowball throwing learning method is cooperative towards changes in brushing behavior, because the learning model is effective in training students to brush their teethes, the aim of the researchers was to analyze the effect of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior in 4th grade children at Surabaya. The research method is Pre-Experimental with approach to One group pre-post tes design, the number of samples is 65 students from grade 4 at Surabaya. The technical sampling uses simple random sampling, data collection uses a questionnaire, then the data is processed and analyzed using paired T-test (α = 0.05). The results showed that after a paired T-test statistical test, the value of ρ = 0.000 and α = 0.05 means that ρ < α, H0 is rejected, meaning there is an influence of the snowball throwing method on changes in brushing behavior of school children at Surabaya. Conclusion of the study, the snowball throwing method provides an increase in the behavior of brushing teeth, that the students practice brushing their teeth twice in the morning and night before going to bed properly. Suggestion, the snowball throwing method can be applied in schools for learning activities.
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
ER  -

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