Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach

Ahmed Fawzy; Ishaq A. Zaafaray; Ismail I. Althagafi; Hatem M. Altass

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach

Ahmed Fawzy, Ishaq A. Zaafaray, Ismail I. Althagafi, Hatem M. Altass

Published in Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 5)

Received: 28 August 2016 Accepted: 12 October 2016 Published: 21 October 2016

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Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H⁺]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3⁺. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.

Published in	Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry (Volume 2, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
Page(s)	51-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Atropine, Oxidation, Cerium(IV), Kinetics, Mechanism

References

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APA Style

Ahmed Fawzy, Ishaq A. Zaafaray, Ismail I. Althagafi, Hatem M. Altass. (2016). Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, 2(5), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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ACS Style

Ahmed Fawzy; Ishaq A. Zaafaray; Ismail I. Althagafi; Hatem M. Altass. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. J. Drug Des. Med. Chem. 2016, 2(5), 51-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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AMA Style

Ahmed Fawzy, Ishaq A. Zaafaray, Ismail I. Althagafi, Hatem M. Altass. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. J Drug Des Med Chem. 2016;2(5):51-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12,
  author = {Ahmed Fawzy and Ishaq A. Zaafaray and Ismail I. Althagafi and Hatem M. Altass},
  title = {Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {51-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  abstract = {The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H+]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach
AU  - Ahmed Fawzy
AU  - Ishaq A. Zaafaray
AU  - Ismail I. Althagafi
AU  - Hatem M. Altass
Y1  - 2016/10/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
T2  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JO  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
SP  - 51
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3576
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
AB  - The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H+]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Ahmed Fawzy

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Ishaq A. Zaafaray

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Ismail I. Althagafi

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Hatem M. Altass

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Ahmed Fawzy, Ishaq A. Zaafaray, Ismail I. Althagafi, Hatem M. Altass. (2016). Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, 2(5), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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ACS Style

Ahmed Fawzy; Ishaq A. Zaafaray; Ismail I. Althagafi; Hatem M. Altass. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. J. Drug Des. Med. Chem. 2016, 2(5), 51-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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AMA Style

Ahmed Fawzy, Ishaq A. Zaafaray, Ismail I. Althagafi, Hatem M. Altass. Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach. J Drug Des Med Chem. 2016;2(5):51-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12,
  author = {Ahmed Fawzy and Ishaq A. Zaafaray and Ismail I. Althagafi and Hatem M. Altass},
  title = {Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach},
  journal = {Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry},
  volume = {2},
  number = {5},
  pages = {51-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jddmc.20160205.12},
  abstract = {The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H+]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach
AU  - Ahmed Fawzy
AU  - Ishaq A. Zaafaray
AU  - Ismail I. Althagafi
AU  - Hatem M. Altass
Y1  - 2016/10/21
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
T2  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
JO  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
SP  - 51
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3576
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20160205.12
AB  - The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H+]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
ER  -

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