Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry

| Peer-Reviewed |

In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts

Received: 21 August 2017    Accepted: 18 September 2017    Published: 20 November 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

This study investigated the claims of traditional practitioners in the use of Anthocleista djalonensis for the treatment of various diseases and infections in Benue State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant were collected; air dried; pulverized and successively extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol by microwave assisted method. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenes, sterols flavonoids, anthraquinones, resins and balsams in Anthocleista djalonensis leaf. The antimicrobial screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts were carried out on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The antimicrobial studies showed that all the extracts exhibited activities against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans, and C. krusei with significant zones of inhibition ranging from 16 - 20 mm for hexane extract, 22 - 28 mm for ethyl acetate extract, 20 - 24 mm for ethanol extract and 20 - 23 mm for methanol extract against test microbes. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and C. tropicalis showed resistance to the extracts; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the stated microbes were 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively for hexane extract. 1.25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL 0.62 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL respectively for ethyl acetate extract; Ethanol and methanol extracts recorded 1.25 mg/mL against all the stated test microbes. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of the extracts against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans and C. krusei ranged from 5 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The results support the use of Anthocleista djalonensis in traditional medicine.

DOI 10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12
Published in Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2017)
Page(s) 71-76
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals, Anthocleista djalonensis and Traditional Medicine

References
[1] F Brook.; C. Karen; J. S Butel.; S. A. Morse, “Medical Microbiology”, twenty fourth edition, McGrew-Hill company, inc., Jason, Mally and Harriet L (ed), 2007pp. 161-168.
[2] B. B. Samuel, S. D. Umoh and E. E Etim, “The Chemistry, Manufacturing and Control Aspects of Drug Discovery from Medicinal Plants up to the Investigational New Drug”, Proc. Chem. Soc. Nig. Volume: 2. 2013 pp. 263-267.
[3] M. K Lalitha “Manual on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing” (under the auspices of Indian Association of medicinal Microbiology), Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, accessed online 3/3/2014 12: 40:00 AM2014.
[4] M. S Aliyu, U. Lawal, M. H. Tijani, I. Doko,;H. A Garba, S. A Kokya, A. U Ado, Hanwa, M. M. Ibrahim, “Phytochemical and antibacterial Properties of Leaf Extracts of Ipomoea asarifolia”, Nig. J. Basic and App. Sc. 19(2); 2011 pp. 236-240
[5] B. Desta, “Ethiopian traditional herbal drugs. Part II: Antimicrobial activity of 63 medicinal plants”, J. Ethnopharmacol, 39, 1993pp. 129–139.
[6] T. A. Tor-Anyiin, J. V Anyam., G. Anger and. J. N Anyam, “Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Dried Seed Extracts of Maranthes polyandra”, J. Chem. Soc. Nigeria, Vol. 40, No.1, 2015 pp 24-27
[7] A. A., Akinyemi and A. O Ogundare,“Antibacterial Properties of the Leaf Extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis on some Pathogen Organism”, Eur. J. Med. Plants. Vol 4, Issue: 1 (January). 2014
[8] S. Gibsson, “An Overview of Plants Extract as Potential Therapeutic”. Expert Opium Ther. Pat., 13(4) 2003, pp. 489-497.
[9] E. N. Ojiakor and I. EOkoye, “Phytochemical Studies and Antimicrobial Activity of Anthocleista djalonensis (okpokolo leaf)”, J. Chem. and Pharm. Res., 7(5): 2015, pp.70-72
[10] E. A. Sofowoara, Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. A Nigerian University of Ife press.1993, Pp6-160.
[11] R. K. Carlow, “Steroids”, Proc. Royal, Soc. London Series A. 157; 2008, P. 194.
[12] G. F. Trease, W. C. Evans “Pharmacology.” 11th Edition. BrilliantTirides. Macmillian publishers 1989.
Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana

  • Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ijeoma Solomon Okoro, Sampson Dominic Umoh, John Vershima Anyam, Manasseh Msugh-Ter Manyi, Cynthia Adegbe. (2017). In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts. Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, 3(5), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ijeoma Solomon Okoro; Sampson Dominic Umoh; John Vershima Anyam; Manasseh Msugh-Ter Manyi; Cynthia Adegbe. In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts. J. Drug Des. Med. Chem. 2017, 3(5), 71-76. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ijeoma Solomon Okoro, Sampson Dominic Umoh, John Vershima Anyam, Manasseh Msugh-Ter Manyi, Cynthia Adegbe. In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts. J Drug Des Med Chem. 2017;3(5):71-76. doi: 10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12,
      author = {Ijeoma Solomon Okoro and Sampson Dominic Umoh and John Vershima Anyam and Manasseh Msugh-Ter Manyi and Cynthia Adegbe},
      title = {In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts},
      journal = {Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {71-76},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jddmc.20170305.12},
      abstract = {This study investigated the claims of traditional practitioners in the use of Anthocleista djalonensis for the treatment of various diseases and infections in Benue State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant were collected; air dried; pulverized and successively extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol by microwave assisted method. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenes, sterols flavonoids, anthraquinones, resins and balsams in Anthocleista djalonensis leaf. The antimicrobial screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts were carried out on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The antimicrobial studies showed that all the extracts exhibited activities against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans, and C. krusei with significant zones of inhibition ranging from 16 - 20 mm for hexane extract, 22 - 28 mm for ethyl acetate extract, 20 - 24 mm for ethanol extract and 20 - 23 mm for methanol extract against test microbes. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and C. tropicalis showed resistance to the extracts; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the stated microbes were 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively for hexane extract. 1.25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL 0.62 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL respectively for ethyl acetate extract; Ethanol and methanol extracts recorded 1.25 mg/mL against all the stated test microbes. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of the extracts against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans and C. krusei ranged from 5 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The results support the use of Anthocleista djalonensis in traditional medicine.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - In-vitro Antimicrobial Properties and Phytochemical Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts
    AU  - Ijeoma Solomon Okoro
    AU  - Sampson Dominic Umoh
    AU  - John Vershima Anyam
    AU  - Manasseh Msugh-Ter Manyi
    AU  - Cynthia Adegbe
    Y1  - 2017/11/20
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12
    T2  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
    JF  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
    JO  - Journal of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry
    SP  - 71
    EP  - 76
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-3576
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jddmc.20170305.12
    AB  - This study investigated the claims of traditional practitioners in the use of Anthocleista djalonensis for the treatment of various diseases and infections in Benue State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant were collected; air dried; pulverized and successively extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol by microwave assisted method. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenes, sterols flavonoids, anthraquinones, resins and balsams in Anthocleista djalonensis leaf. The antimicrobial screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts were carried out on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar-well diffusion method. The antimicrobial studies showed that all the extracts exhibited activities against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans, and C. krusei with significant zones of inhibition ranging from 16 - 20 mm for hexane extract, 22 - 28 mm for ethyl acetate extract, 20 - 24 mm for ethanol extract and 20 - 23 mm for methanol extract against test microbes. E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and C. tropicalis showed resistance to the extracts; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the stated microbes were 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively for hexane extract. 1.25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL 0.62 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL respectively for ethyl acetate extract; Ethanol and methanol extracts recorded 1.25 mg/mL against all the stated test microbes. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of the extracts against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans and C. krusei ranged from 5 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The results support the use of Anthocleista djalonensis in traditional medicine.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections