International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry

| Peer-Reviewed |

Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya

Received: 28 May 2017    Accepted: 08 October 2017    Published: 15 November 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
Published in International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2017)
Page(s) 82-85
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Feed Supplement, Insecticide, Insect Growth Inhibitor, Maasai Goats, Melia volkensii

References
[1] Kamondo, B. M., Kimondo, J. M., Mulatya, J. M. and Muturi, G. M. (ed.), Recent Mukau (Melia volkensii, Gurke) Research and Development. Proceedings of the First National Workshop, KEFRI Kitui Regional Research Center. November 16 to 19, 2004.
[2] Orwa C., Mutua A., Kindt R., Jamnadass R., Anthony S., “Agroforestree Database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0.” http://www.worldagroforestry.org/sites/treedbs/treedatabases.asp, as retrieved on Saturday, December 10th, 2016, 2:41 PM East Africa Time, 2009.
[3] Kokwaro J.O., “Medicinal plants of East Africa.” University of Nairobi Press; Nairobi, Kenya, 3rd edition (December 29, 2009), pp. 534, 2009.
[4] Bhaskara M. V., Pramoda, S. J., Jeevikaa, M. U., Chandana, P. K., Shetteppa, G., "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil poisoning". American Journal of Neuroradiology (American Society of Neuroradiology) 31: E60-E61, 2010.
[5] Mwangi R. W., “Locust antifeedant activity in fruits of Melia volkensii.” Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol. 32, pp. 277-280, 1982.
[6] Mwangi, R. W., Mukiama T. K., “Evaluation of Melia volkensii extract fractions as mosquito larvicides.” Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, vol. 4, pp. 442-447, 1988.
[7] Mwangi R. W., Rembold H., “Growth-inhibiting and larvicidal effects of Melia volkensii extracts on Aedes aegypti larvae.” Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol. 46, pp. 103-108, 1988.
[8] Ashrafju, M., Ahmadi, K., Purhematy, A., “Impacts of Six Ethanolic Plant Extracts on Feeding and Developmental Time of Tetranychus urticae.” Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 49(2):245-251, 2014.
[9] Bashir Issa Abd-Elrazeg, Abdalla, "Effect of the Insects Growth Regulator Alsystin, on non-target Insects (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in the Red Sea Coast of Sudan." PhD Thesis, University of Khartoum, 2015.
[10] Devappa, R. K., Makhar, H. P. S., Becker, K., “Jatropha toxicity- A review.” Journal of toxicology and environmental health, 2010, Part B. 13: 476-507.
[11] Bodas, R., Manso, T., Mantecón, A. R., Juárez, M., De La Fuente, M. A., Gómez-Cortés, P., “Comparison of the fatty acid profiles in cheeses from ewes fed diets supplemented with different plant oils.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58:10493-10502.
[12] Van Beem D., Wellington D., Paganoni B. L., Vercoe P. E., Milton J. T. B., “Feed efficiency for meat and wool production by Merino and F1 Dohne × Merino lambs fed pelleted diets of different nutritive value.” Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2008, 48, 879-884.
[13] Nudda, A., Battacone, G., Boaventura, N., Oscar, C., Antonello, F., Atzori, D. H. A., Alberto S., Pulina, G., “Feeding strategies to design the fatty acid profile of sheep milk and cheese.” Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2014, 43(8), 445-456.
[14] Tan Q-G., Luo X-D., “Meliaceous Limonoids: Chemistry and Biological Activities.” Chemical Reviews, vol. 111, no. 11, pp. 7437–7522, 2011.
[15] Mwangi R. W., Rembold H., “Growth-regulating and larvicidal effects of Melia volkensii extracts on the larvae of Aedes aegypti.” Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, vol. 46, pp. 103-108, 1987.
[16] Rajab M. S., Bentley M. D., “Tetranortriterpenes from Melia volkensii.” Journal of Natural Products, vol. 551, pp. 840-844, 1988.
[17] Rajab M. S., Bentley M. D., Ashford A. R., Mendel M. J., “A new limonoid insect antifeedant from the fruit of Melia volkensii.” Journal of Natural Products, vol. 551, pp. 168-171, 1988.
[18] Balan K., “Das Waschstum Der Gelbfiebermucke Naturstoffee Aus Melia volkensii.” Ph. D. Thesis. University of Munchen, 1993.
[19] Ashrafju, M., Ahmadi, K., Purhematy, A., “Impacts of six ethanolic plant extracts on feeding and developmental time of Tetranychus urticae.” Acta phytopathologica et entomologica Hungarica 2014 v.49 no.2 pp. 245-251.
[20] Hatem, A., Abdel-Samad, S., Soliman, M., Hussien, A., “Toxicologyical and physiological activity of plant extracts against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae.” Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 2009, 35: 517-531.
Author Information
  • Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Information Sciences, Maasai Mara University, Narok, Kenya

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Wanzala Wycliffe. (2017). Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry, 3(6), 82-85. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int. J. Pharm. Chem. 2017, 3(6), 82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Wanzala Wycliffe. Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya. Int J Pharm Chem. 2017;3(6):82-85. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13,
      author = {Wanzala Wycliffe},
      title = {Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya},
      journal = {International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {82-85},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpc.20170306.13},
      abstract = {Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Toxicological Studies of Fruit Powder and Extracted Cake of Melia volkensii Guerke (Family: Meliaceae) on Maasai Goats in Kenya
    AU  - Wanzala Wycliffe
    Y1  - 2017/11/15
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
    T2  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JF  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    JO  - International Journal of Pharmacy and Chemistry
    SP  - 82
    EP  - 85
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5749
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpc.20170306.13
    AB  - Goat supplement feeds prepared from a dried Melia volkensii (Mv) fruit powder, which is known to contain insecticidal activity and the residual cake obtained after extracting oil from the fruit powder with aqueous ethanol, to remove the insecticidal activity do not adversely affect the growth and performance of Maasai goats even after exposure to the feed for two months. The feed prepared from the residual Mv cake was found to be more acceptable and palatable to the goats compared to the Mv powder, which was unextracted. Goats fed on the Mv residual cake also showed better performance than the controls fed on the wheat bran supplement or the ones fed on Mv powder. It is concluded from this study that Mv dry fruit powder and Mv extracted residual cake could be used as safe ruminant feed supplements in rural areas where M. volkensii is prominently on medicinal common use traditionally. The results also indicated that Mv is non-toxic to this ruminant mammalian model, hence environmentally safe for human use as insecticide with respect to a wide range of ethnic-based traditional claims. However, more in-depth scientific studies are necessary to generate sufficient data under different environmental conditions for comparative analysis and henceforth, considerations.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections