International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences

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Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies

Received: 30 October 2018    Accepted: 27 November 2018    Published: 03 January 2019
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Abstract

Scabies is a common ectoparasit infection caused by a tick of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes scabies as "Neglected Tropical Diseases" in 2013. Scabies is more common in the tropics, especially child scabies. TTO has been used in communities internationally for over 90 years. TTO is an essential oil derived from leaf distillation and terminal branch of Melaleuca alternifolia plant. TTO has been shown to be effective (in vitro) bactericidal activity, to bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). TTO was used to reduce colonization of MRSA and as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral skin infection. TTO is also used as a topical antipruritic drug. The TTO component is described specifically by the International Organization for Standardization Standard (ISO 4720), so the side effects of botanical products can be avoided. An experimental analytical study using randomized clinical trial and double blind parallel design comparing TTO 5% cream (treatment 1), TTO cream 5%+permethrin 5% (treatment 2) with permethrin 5% cream (control) on child scabies. The population of the study were the affected scabies students of junior high school (SMP), age 11-15 years, in 2 Islamic boarding school. Patient were examined on week 0, 1, 2, and 3, in order to decide whether the treatment should be continued or stopped. If complete remission were achieved, treatment was stopped. Examination data were collected and saved in medical records. Statistical analysis were processed using SPSS. At week 1, full recovery occurred in 1 patient (4.2%) in permethrin 5% group, 4 patients (16.7%) in TTO 5% group, and 3 patients (12.5%) in TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p value = 0.374 which means that there was no significant difference in three groups. At week 2, there were 4 patients (16.7%) in the permethrin 5% group, 13 patients (54.2%) in the TTO 5% group, and 5 patients (20.8%) in the TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p = 0.008 which means there was significant difference between permethrin 5% group, TTO 5% group, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. We assume that TTO 5% cream is more effective than permethrin 5% cream in child scabies, TTO 5%+permethrin 5% more effective than permethrin 5% cream, TTO 5% cream is more effective than TTO 5%+permethrin 5% in child scabies. There are side effects, irritation in the permethrin 5% group, TTO 5%, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5%, which improved at week 2 of treatment.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2018)
Page(s) 87-93
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tea Tree Oil, Child, Scabies

References
[1] Goldust M. Rezaee E. Hemayat S. Treatment of scabies : Comparison of permethrin 5 % versus ivermectin. J Dermatol 2012; 39: 545–7.
[2] Fang F. Candy K. Melloul E. Bernigaud C. Chai L. Darmon C. et al. In vitro activity of ten essential oils against Sarcoptes scabiei. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9: 3–9.
[3] Thomas J. Carson CF. Peterson GM. Walton SF. Hammer KA. Naunton M. et al. Therapeutic potential of tea tree oil for scabies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94(2): 258–66.
[4] WHO. Epidemiology and Management of Common Skin Diseases in Children in Developing Countries. WHO 2005; Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2005/WHO_FCH_CAH_05.12_eng.pdf?ua. on July 31st. 2017.
[5] Andrews RM. Kearns T. Connors C. Parker C. Carville K. Currie BJ. et al. A Regional Initiative to Reduce Skin Infections amongst Aboriginal Children Living in Remote Communities of the Northern Territory. Australia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2009; 3(11): 1–9.
[6] Heukelbach J. Mazigo HD. Ugbomoiko US. Impact of scabies in resource-poor communities. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2013; 26: 127–32.
[7] Paramita K. Sawitri. Profil Skabies pada Anak (Profile of Scabies in Children). Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 2015; 27(1): 41–7. Available from: http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/BIKK/article/view/1551/1199.
[8] Sianturi I. Sungkar S. The Relationship between Hygienic Practices and Scabies Infestation in a Boarding School in East Jakarta. eJournal Kedokt Indones 2014; 2(2): 91–5.
[9] Thomas J. Peterson GM. Walton SF. Carson CF. Naunton M. Baby KE. Scabies: an ancient global disease with a need for new therapies. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15(1): 250.
[10] Singh K. Kataria U. Comparative study of ivermectin and permethrin 5 % in treatment of scabies patients. MedPulse Int J Med 2017; 3(1): 18–21.
[11] Gao S. Singh J. Mechanism of transdermal transport of 5-fluorouracil by terpenes : carvone . 1 . 8-cineole and thymol. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 154: 67–77.
[12] Taplin PD. Meinking TL. Porcelain SL. Castillero PM. Chen JA. Permethrin 5% dermal cream: A new treatment far scabies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 15(5): 995–1001.
[13] Bignell C. Lice and scabies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 42(7): 382–4.
[14] Elgart ML. Cost-benefit analysis of ivermectin. permethrin and benzyl benzoate in the management of infantile and childhood scabies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2003; 4(9): 1521–4.
[15] Aspres N. Freeman S. Predictive Testing for Irritancy and Allergenicity of Tea Tree Oil in Normal Human Subjects. Exog Dermatology 2003; 2: 258–61.
[16] Hausen B Al. Reichling J. Harkenthal M. Degradation Products of Monoterpenes Are the Sensitizing Agents in Tea Tree Oil. Am J contact Dermat Off J Am Contact Dermat Soc 1999; 10(2): 68–77.
[17] Pazyar N. Yaghoobi R. Bagherani N. Kazerouni A. Review: A review of applications of tea tree oil in dermatology. Int J Dermatol 2013; 52: 784–90.
[18] Blackwood B. Thompson G. Mcmullan R. Stevenson M. Riley T V.. Alderdice FA. et al. Tea tree oil (5%) body wash versus standard care (johnson’s baby softwash) to prevent colonization with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in critically ill adults: A randomized controlled trial. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68(5): 1193–9.
[19] Gao Y-Y. Di Pascuale M a. Li W. Baradaran-Rafii a. Elizondo a. Kuo C-L. et al. In vitro and in vivo killing of ocular Demodex by tea tree oil. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89(Cd): 1468–73.
[20] Activity A. Walton SF. Mckinnon M. Pizzutto S. Dougall A. Williams E. et al. Acaricidal Activity of Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea Tree) Oil. Arch Dermatol 2004; 140: 563–6.
Author Information
  • Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

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  • APA Style

    Iskandar Zulkarnain, Regitta Indira Agusni, Afif Nurul Hidayati. (2019). Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences, 4(6), 87-93. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12

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    ACS Style

    Iskandar Zulkarnain; Regitta Indira Agusni; Afif Nurul Hidayati. Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. Sci. 2019, 4(6), 87-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12

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    AMA Style

    Iskandar Zulkarnain, Regitta Indira Agusni, Afif Nurul Hidayati. Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies. Int J Clin Exp Med Sci. 2019;4(6):87-93. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12,
      author = {Iskandar Zulkarnain and Regitta Indira Agusni and Afif Nurul Hidayati},
      title = {Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {87-93},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcems.20180406.12},
      abstract = {Scabies is a common ectoparasit infection caused by a tick of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes scabies as "Neglected Tropical Diseases" in 2013. Scabies is more common in the tropics, especially child scabies. TTO has been used in communities internationally for over 90 years. TTO is an essential oil derived from leaf distillation and terminal branch of Melaleuca alternifolia plant. TTO has been shown to be effective (in vitro) bactericidal activity, to bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). TTO was used to reduce colonization of MRSA and as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral skin infection. TTO is also used as a topical antipruritic drug. The TTO component is described specifically by the International Organization for Standardization Standard (ISO 4720), so the side effects of botanical products can be avoided. An experimental analytical study using randomized clinical trial and double blind parallel design comparing TTO 5% cream (treatment 1), TTO cream 5%+permethrin 5% (treatment 2) with permethrin 5% cream (control) on child scabies. The population of the study were the affected scabies students of junior high school (SMP), age 11-15 years, in 2 Islamic boarding school. Patient were examined on week 0, 1, 2, and 3, in order to decide whether the treatment should be continued or stopped. If complete remission were achieved, treatment was stopped. Examination data were collected and saved in medical records. Statistical analysis were processed using SPSS. At week 1, full recovery occurred in 1 patient (4.2%) in permethrin 5% group, 4 patients (16.7%) in TTO 5% group, and 3 patients (12.5%) in TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p value = 0.374 which means that there was no significant difference in three groups. At week 2, there were 4 patients (16.7%) in the permethrin 5% group, 13 patients (54.2%) in the TTO 5% group, and 5 patients (20.8%) in the TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p = 0.008 which means there was significant difference between permethrin 5% group, TTO 5% group, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. We assume that TTO 5% cream is more effective than permethrin 5% cream in child scabies, TTO 5%+permethrin 5% more effective than permethrin 5% cream, TTO 5% cream is more effective than TTO 5%+permethrin 5% in child scabies. There are side effects, irritation in the permethrin 5% group, TTO 5%, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5%, which improved at week 2 of treatment.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparison of Tea Tree oil 5% Cream, Tea Tree Oil 5%+Permethrin 5% Cream, and Permethrine 5% Cream in Child Scabies
    AU  - Iskandar Zulkarnain
    AU  - Regitta Indira Agusni
    AU  - Afif Nurul Hidayati
    Y1  - 2019/01/03
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Sciences
    SP  - 87
    EP  - 93
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8032
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcems.20180406.12
    AB  - Scabies is a common ectoparasit infection caused by a tick of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes scabies as "Neglected Tropical Diseases" in 2013. Scabies is more common in the tropics, especially child scabies. TTO has been used in communities internationally for over 90 years. TTO is an essential oil derived from leaf distillation and terminal branch of Melaleuca alternifolia plant. TTO has been shown to be effective (in vitro) bactericidal activity, to bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). TTO was used to reduce colonization of MRSA and as an anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral skin infection. TTO is also used as a topical antipruritic drug. The TTO component is described specifically by the International Organization for Standardization Standard (ISO 4720), so the side effects of botanical products can be avoided. An experimental analytical study using randomized clinical trial and double blind parallel design comparing TTO 5% cream (treatment 1), TTO cream 5%+permethrin 5% (treatment 2) with permethrin 5% cream (control) on child scabies. The population of the study were the affected scabies students of junior high school (SMP), age 11-15 years, in 2 Islamic boarding school. Patient were examined on week 0, 1, 2, and 3, in order to decide whether the treatment should be continued or stopped. If complete remission were achieved, treatment was stopped. Examination data were collected and saved in medical records. Statistical analysis were processed using SPSS. At week 1, full recovery occurred in 1 patient (4.2%) in permethrin 5% group, 4 patients (16.7%) in TTO 5% group, and 3 patients (12.5%) in TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p value = 0.374 which means that there was no significant difference in three groups. At week 2, there were 4 patients (16.7%) in the permethrin 5% group, 13 patients (54.2%) in the TTO 5% group, and 5 patients (20.8%) in the TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. Chi-square test showed p = 0.008 which means there was significant difference between permethrin 5% group, TTO 5% group, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5% group. We assume that TTO 5% cream is more effective than permethrin 5% cream in child scabies, TTO 5%+permethrin 5% more effective than permethrin 5% cream, TTO 5% cream is more effective than TTO 5%+permethrin 5% in child scabies. There are side effects, irritation in the permethrin 5% group, TTO 5%, and TTO 5%+permethrin 5%, which improved at week 2 of treatment.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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