Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 6)

Received: 6 November 2017 Accepted: 20 November 2017 Published: 26 December 2017

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Abstract

The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria due to its predominance in cocoa production. It examined the variation in knowledge level on precautionary measures against pesticides health and environmental hazards among male and female cocoa farmers. 120 male and 120 female cocoa farmers were selected through multi stage purposive sampling technique from five Local Government Areas with predominance in cocoa production in the state. Data collected from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that male as well as female cocoa farmers in the study area had moderate level of knowledge to prevent them from the incidence of health and environmental hazards of pesticide usage, though male cocoa farmers had a better level of knowledge compare to their female counterparts. Majority (69.2 per cent Male Cocoa Farmers and 57.5 per cent Female Cocoa Farmers) had moderate level of knowledge. The overall result shows that majority 63.3 per cent of cocoa farmers had moderate knowledge in precautionary measures. This study also find out that despite that male and female cocoa farmers are knowledgeable about the precautionary measures of health and environmental hazards they seldom practice it, which in turn contributes to the incidence of the hazards. It was recommended that there should be continuous and regular training for male and female cocoa farmers as regards precautionary measures to be taken on pesticides usage to increase their knowledge base on pesticides hazards.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
Page(s)	166-173
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gender Variation, Pesticide Hazards, Knowledge, Cocoa Production

References

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[3]	Ogunniyi, L. T. Ajao, O. A. and Adeleke, O. A. (2012): Gender Comparison in Production and Productivity of Cocoa Farmers in Ile Oluji Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture & Biology Volume 12 (5): 1.
[4]	Annon (2006): National Gender Policy; Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development printed by Amana printing limited Kaduna. Pp 7-14.
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[6]	Famuyiwa, B. S. Torimiro, D. O. and Adesoji, S. A. (2013): Determination of Cocoa Farmers’ Knowledge on Environmental Hazards Associated with Cocoa Farming Operations in Nigeria, International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship 1 (1– 2): 58—70.
[7]	Cocoa Association of Nigeria (CAN) (2014): http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/why-cote-d-ivoire-ghana-lead-nigeria-in cocoa-production-by-can/172858/.
[8]	Fasina, A. B., Badaru, K. and Aikpokpodion P. O. (2001): Development of the Nigerian cocoa industry: current issues and challenges for research and production. Proc. 13thInt. Cocoa Res. Conf. 2001, 7 (4): 1367 – 1373. 215 African Scientist.
[9]	Ndubuaku, T. C. N. Ojelade, K. T. M. Asogwa, E. U. and Anikwe, J. C. (2003): Reports and recommendations on the evaluation of Pulmic System PM 120 Knapsack sprayer for protection of cocoa farms in Nigeria. Tech. Rep. CRIN, Ibadan, Nigeria, 5pp.
[10]	Asogwa, E. U. and Dongo, L. N. (2009): Problems associated with pesticide usage and application in Nigerian cocoa production: A review; African Journal of Agricultural Research 4 (8): 675-683.
[11]	Mohit, J. (2008) Nigerian farmers want government to buy off banned pesticides Submitted on Wed, 07/23/2008 - 14: 35. http://www.topnews.in/ NCDC (2008) A handbook of the 4th National Cocoa day held in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Published by National Cocoa Development Committee. NCDC.
[12]	Siddaramaiah, B. S. and Srinivas, B. V. (2010): Environmental Hazard in Cotton Farming Indian Perspective. www.conference.ifas.ufl.edu/papers./b1.doc.
[13]	Sosan M. B. and Akingbohungbe A. E. (2009) Occupational Insecticide Exposure and Perception of Safety Measures among Cacao Farmers in South-western Nigeria Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 64 (3).
[14]	Lawal, B. O. Torimiro, D. O. Banjo, A. D. and. Joda, A. O. (2005): Operational Habits and Health Hazards Associated with Pesticide Usage by Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria: Lessons for Extension Work. Journal of Human Ecology. 17 (3): 191-195.
[15]	Asogwa, E. U. (2006): Preview of rational pesticide use protocols. Extracts from round table discussions at the NCDC-sponsored farmers field school master trainers and supervisors training workshop. CRIN Ibadan, June 5-16, 2006. p. 12.
[16]	Asogwa E. U. (2008): Crop protection practices for cashew and cocoa production in Nigeria. Paper presented at the National Training Workshop for Farmers Development Union (FADU) Officials on Cocoa and Cashew Production in Nigeria. Ibadan, May 8-9, 2008. 43slides.
[17]	Ogunjimi, S. I. and Farinde, A. J. (2012): Farmers’ Knowledge Level of Precautionary Measures in Agro-Chemicals Usage on Cocoa Production in Osun and Edo States, Nigeria. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 2 (4): 186-194.
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[19]	Enete, A. A. and Amusa, T. A. 2010: Determinants of Women’s Contribution to Farming Decisions in Cocoa Based Agroforestry Households of Ekiti State, Nigeria “Field Actions Science Reports.” 4 (October 2012): 0–6.
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APA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. (2017). Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(6), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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ACS Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(6), 166-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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AMA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(6):166-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15,
  author = {Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed},
  title = {Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {166-173},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  abstract = {The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria due to its predominance in cocoa production. It examined the variation in knowledge level on precautionary measures against pesticides health and environmental hazards among male and female cocoa farmers. 120 male and 120 female cocoa farmers were selected through multi stage purposive sampling technique from five Local Government Areas with predominance in cocoa production in the state. Data collected from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that male as well as female cocoa farmers in the study area had moderate level of knowledge to prevent them from the incidence of health and environmental hazards of pesticide usage, though male cocoa farmers had a better level of knowledge compare to their female counterparts. Majority (69.2 per cent Male Cocoa Farmers and 57.5 per cent Female Cocoa Farmers) had moderate level of knowledge. The overall result shows that majority 63.3 per cent of cocoa farmers had moderate knowledge in precautionary measures. This study also find out that despite that male and female cocoa farmers are knowledgeable about the precautionary measures of health and environmental hazards they seldom practice it, which in turn contributes to the incidence of the hazards. It was recommended that there should be continuous and regular training for male and female cocoa farmers as regards precautionary measures to be taken on pesticides usage to increase their knowledge base on pesticides hazards.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria
AU  - Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed
Y1  - 2017/12/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 166
EP  - 173
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
AB  - The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria due to its predominance in cocoa production. It examined the variation in knowledge level on precautionary measures against pesticides health and environmental hazards among male and female cocoa farmers. 120 male and 120 female cocoa farmers were selected through multi stage purposive sampling technique from five Local Government Areas with predominance in cocoa production in the state. Data collected from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that male as well as female cocoa farmers in the study area had moderate level of knowledge to prevent them from the incidence of health and environmental hazards of pesticide usage, though male cocoa farmers had a better level of knowledge compare to their female counterparts. Majority (69.2 per cent Male Cocoa Farmers and 57.5 per cent Female Cocoa Farmers) had moderate level of knowledge. The overall result shows that majority 63.3 per cent of cocoa farmers had moderate knowledge in precautionary measures. This study also find out that despite that male and female cocoa farmers are knowledgeable about the precautionary measures of health and environmental hazards they seldom practice it, which in turn contributes to the incidence of the hazards. It was recommended that there should be continuous and regular training for male and female cocoa farmers as regards precautionary measures to be taken on pesticides usage to increase their knowledge base on pesticides hazards.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. (2017). Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 3(6), 166-173. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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ACS Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2017, 3(6), 166-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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AMA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed. Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2017;3(6):166-173. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15,
  author = {Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed},
  title = {Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {6},
  pages = {166-173},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20170306.15},
  abstract = {The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria due to its predominance in cocoa production. It examined the variation in knowledge level on precautionary measures against pesticides health and environmental hazards among male and female cocoa farmers. 120 male and 120 female cocoa farmers were selected through multi stage purposive sampling technique from five Local Government Areas with predominance in cocoa production in the state. Data collected from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that male as well as female cocoa farmers in the study area had moderate level of knowledge to prevent them from the incidence of health and environmental hazards of pesticide usage, though male cocoa farmers had a better level of knowledge compare to their female counterparts. Majority (69.2 per cent Male Cocoa Farmers and 57.5 per cent Female Cocoa Farmers) had moderate level of knowledge. The overall result shows that majority 63.3 per cent of cocoa farmers had moderate knowledge in precautionary measures. This study also find out that despite that male and female cocoa farmers are knowledgeable about the precautionary measures of health and environmental hazards they seldom practice it, which in turn contributes to the incidence of the hazards. It was recommended that there should be continuous and regular training for male and female cocoa farmers as regards precautionary measures to be taken on pesticides usage to increase their knowledge base on pesticides hazards.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Gender Variation in Knowledge Level on Precautionary Measures against Pesticides’ Health and Environmental Hazards among Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria
AU  - Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed
Y1  - 2017/12/26
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 166
EP  - 173
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20170306.15
AB  - The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria due to its predominance in cocoa production. It examined the variation in knowledge level on precautionary measures against pesticides health and environmental hazards among male and female cocoa farmers. 120 male and 120 female cocoa farmers were selected through multi stage purposive sampling technique from five Local Government Areas with predominance in cocoa production in the state. Data collected from the survey were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that male as well as female cocoa farmers in the study area had moderate level of knowledge to prevent them from the incidence of health and environmental hazards of pesticide usage, though male cocoa farmers had a better level of knowledge compare to their female counterparts. Majority (69.2 per cent Male Cocoa Farmers and 57.5 per cent Female Cocoa Farmers) had moderate level of knowledge. The overall result shows that majority 63.3 per cent of cocoa farmers had moderate knowledge in precautionary measures. This study also find out that despite that male and female cocoa farmers are knowledgeable about the precautionary measures of health and environmental hazards they seldom practice it, which in turn contributes to the incidence of the hazards. It was recommended that there should be continuous and regular training for male and female cocoa farmers as regards precautionary measures to be taken on pesticides usage to increase their knowledge base on pesticides hazards.
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
ER  -

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