Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 12 September 2020 Accepted: 25 September 2020 Published: 13 October 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Water shortage presents a serious problem nowadays. This problem will certainly worsen in the future, and so, improving the irrigation water efficiency by various methods is one of the economically viable alternatives in overcoming the water scarcity. It considers a good solution to overcome the fight against famine especially in the developing countries. A new technique in cultivation by installing plastic membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone named subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) which helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. But the difficult of installing SWRT system alienated many farmers from adopting this system. Therefore, in this paper, developed machine was manufactured to install the plastic membrane sheet below the root zone of Faba bean crop during the winter growing season 2018 in open field which cultivated at two systems, the first was ridges system and the second was flat soil system. The total fabrication cost of the study machine was 25000 L. E with 2018 price level. This research was carried out in a Balouza research station in north Sinai governorate. Subsurface drip irrigation system was used for irrigation process and laid by developed machine. Three treatments types were used, cultivated system treatment (ridges and flat soil), aspect ratio treatment (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (width to height) and the installing depth of plastic sheet from soil surface (20, 30 and 40) cm. In addition, control treatment was without using the plastic membrane sheet. Actual field capacity, field efficiency, pulling force, fuel consumption rate, total water stored, water consumptive use, stored and consumption water efficiency, Faba bean grain yield, productivity of irrigation water, cost of developed machine and cost of manual process were discussed and compared between the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the machine study succeed in carried out SWRT system and laying subsurface drip irrigation pipes at efficiency of 92% for plastic laying depth, (91% - 95%) for plastic aspect ratio (width - height) and 96% for depth of laying drip pipes. In general, SWRT system achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 49%, 53% and 50% respectively, and achieved the lowest cost about of 74% compared to without using plastic film. The results showed that aspect ratio 2:1 achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 24%, 22% and 7% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 4:1 aspect ratio. While, the aspect ratio 4:1 achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 21%, 26% and 14% respectively, compared to 2:1 aspect ratio. The lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost achieved at 20cm plastic laying depth about of 49%, 44% and 8% respectively, and highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 40cm depth. The highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 14%, 17% and 11% respectively, at 40cm plastic laying depth compared to 20cm depth. The ridge system achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 33%, 32% and 8% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity, total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 5%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively, compared to flat soil.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
Page(s)	148-161
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Faba Bean Crop, Moisture Conservation, Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Subsurface Water Retention Technology

References

[1]	Mckenna, T. 2012. Feed the future deputy coordinator for development, Report before the senate foreign relations international development subcommittee. November 28, 2012.http://www.usaid.gov/newsinformation/congressional-testimony/testimony-tjada mckenna-feed future deputy-coordinator.
[2]	Clay, J. 2004. World Agriculture and the Environment: A Commodity-by-Commodity Guide to Impacts and Practices. Chicago: Island Press.
[3]	Shorafa, M. 1987. [Perlite and Hydroplas effect on porosity, soil permeability and holding capacity]. MSc thesis of soil science, Tehran University, Iran [in Persian].
[4]	Lamm, F. R., and Trooien, T. P. 2002. Subsurface Drip Irrigation for Corn Production: A Review of 10 Years of Research in Kansas, Irrigation Science, Vol. 22, no. (3-4), pp. 195-200.
[5]	Skaggs, T. H., Trout, T. J., Simunek, J. and Shouse, P. J. 2004. Comparison of Hydrus -2D Simulations of Drip Irrigation with Experimental Observations, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Eng., Vol. 130, PP. 304-310.
[6]	Lin, M. Z., Wang, J. and Zhou, L. M. 2006. Impact of sub groove water-saving on growth and yield of Triticum aestivum. Acta Pratacul. Sin. 15, 52-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]	Sivapalan, S. 2006. Some Benefits of Treating a Sandy Soil with a Crosslinked Type Polyacrylamide, Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, Vol. 46, No. 4, PP. 579-584.
[8]	Ismail S. M. and Ozawa, K. 2007. Improvement of crop yield, soil moisture distribution and water use efficiency in sandy soils by clay application. Applied Clay Science 37 (1): 81-89.
[9]	Shahid S. A., Qidwai, A. A., Anwar, F., Ullah, I. and Rashid, U. 2012. Improvement in the water retention characteristics of sandy loam soil using a newly synthesized poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)/AlZnFe2O4 superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposite material. Molecules 17: 9397-9412.
[10]	Ahmed T. F., Hashmi, H. N., Ghumman, A. R. and Sheikh, A. A. 2012. Performance assessment of surface and subsurface drip irrigation system for date palm fruit trees. African Journal of Agricultural Research 7 (10): 1542-1549.
[11]	Yang, Z., Smucker, A. J. M., Jiang, G. and Ma, X. 2012. Influence of the membranes on water retention in saturated homogeneous sand columns. International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP), 1590-1593.
[12]	Demirel, K., and Kavdir, Y. 2013. Effect of soil water retention barriers on turfgrass growth and soil water content. Journal of Irrigation Science 31: 689-700.
[13]	Descheemaeker, L., Bunting, S. W., Bindraban, P., Muthuri, C., Molden, D., Beveridge, M., Brakel, M. V., Herrero, M., Clement, F., Boelee, E. and Jarvis, D. I. 2013. Managing Water and Agroecosystems for Food Security, Increasing Water Productivity in Agric., Chap 8.
[14]	Cameron, L., Smucker, A. and Walsh, K. 2013. Revolutionary Technology Aids Thirsty Crops during Drought. Michigan State University Today.
[15]	Smucker, A. J. M. 2014a. Improved water policies and new technology will promote greater food and cellulosic biomass production and reduce competition for water. In: food safety, security and defense: focus on food and water. Institute on Science for Global Policy. Pp: 60-68.
[16]	Kavdir, Y., Zhang, W., Basso, B. and Sumcker, A. J. 2014. Development of a new soil water retention technology for increasing production and water conservation. J. Soil and Water Conservation. 69 (5): 154-160.
[17]	Smucker, A. J. M., Kavdir, Y. and Zhang, W. 2014. Root zone soil water retention technology: a historic review and modern potential, Soil Science Society of America Journal (in review).
[18]	Berhanu, S., Guberand, A. and Smucker, A. 2014. Improving irrigation efficiency of sandy soils by subsurface water retaining membranes, Department of Crop, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Geophysical Research Abstracts. Vol. 16, EGU2014-6756, EGU General Assembly, Michigan State University, USA.
[19]	Andrey, K. G., Alvin, J. M. S., Samrawi, B. and James, M. L. M. 2015. Subsurface Water Retention Technology Improves Root Zone Water Storage for Corn Production on Coarse Textured Soils, Vadose Zone Journal, Vol. 14, No. 7, PP. 1-13.
[20]	Guber Andrey K., Berhanu Samrawi A. J. M. S. and Miller James, M. L. 2015. Subsurface Water Retention Technology Improves Root Zone Water Storage for Corn Production on Course Textured Soils, Vadose Zone Journal, Soil Science Society of America, July, 14 (7).
[21]	Smuker, A. J. 2016. A Transforming Soil Water Retention Technology that Eradicates Drought and Increases Crop Resilience to Changing Climates, 5th International Conference on Agric. & Horticulture, Vol. 5, No. 2, PP. 24.
[22]	Smucker, A. J. M., Yang, Z., Guber, A. K., He, X. C., Lai, F. H. and Berhanu, S. 2016. A new Revolutionary Technology to Feed Billions by Establishing Sustainable Agriculture on Small and Large Landscapes Including Urban Regions Globally, International Journal of Development Research, Vol. 06, Issue, 10, pp. 9596-9602.
[23]	Isa, H. A. M. 2016. Effect of SWRT technology on water productivity of tomato and Chili pepper in sandy soil under water scarcity, PhD Thesis College of Agriculture/ Baghdad University, Iraq.
[24]	Amirpour, M., Shorafa, M., Gorji, M., and Naghavi, H. 2016. Effect of subsurface water retention using polyethylene membranes with surface mulch and irrigation on moisture, temperature and salinity of sandy soil of an arid region in Iran. Advances in Environmental Sciences-International Journal of the Bio flux Society, V., 8, Issue 1.
[25]	AL-Rawi, S. S., Aoda, M. I. and Ati, A. S. 2017. The Role of Subsurface Water Retention Technology (SWRT) for Growing Chili Pepper in Iraqi Sandy Soils, Journal of Environment and Earth Science, Vol. 7, No. 1. pp. 82-89.
[26]	Hommadi, A. H. 2018. Evaluating the use of Subsurface Water Retention Technology MSc thesis in Water Resource department/College of engineering/ Baghdad University, Iraq.
[27]	Salim, A. H. 2018. Improving Field Water Use Efficiency by Using Subsurface Water Retention Technology MSc thesis in Water Resource department/College of engineering/ Baghdad University, Iraq.
[28]	Almasraf, S. A. and Salim, A. H. 2018. Improvement of the Water Use Efficiency and Yield of Eggplant by using Subsurface Water Retention Technology, Journal of Engineering. Vol. 24. No. 3. March. Baghdad/Iraq.
[29]	Hommadi, A. H. and Almasraf, S. A. 2018. Subsurface Water Retention Technology Improves Water Use Efficiency and Water Productivity for Hot Pepper, Journal University of Kerbala. Vol. 16. No. 1. Kerbala/Iraq.
[30]	Hommadi, A. H. and Almasraf, S. A. 2019. Water Retention Technology under Crop’s Root Zone a Toll to Enhance Water Use Efficiency and Economic Water Productivity for Zucchini, Journal of Engineering. Vol. 25. No. 6. Baghdad/Iraq.
[31]	Doughty, J. and Walker, A. 1982. Legumes in humen Nutrition. 20: 152.
[32]	Sharaan, A. N, Ekram, A., Megawer, H. A. S. and Hemida, Z. A. 2004. Seed yield, yield components and quality character as affected by cultivars, sowing dates and planting distances in faba bean. Bull. Agric. Econ. Min. Agric. Egypt. http://fayoum.edu.eg/Agriculture/Crops/pdf/Fabapaper3.pdf.
[33]	El-Galaly Ola A. M., Abou-Mostafa, R. A. I., Nagwa, A. M. and Mahmoud, M. A. 2008. Response of two faba bean (vicia faba L.,) promising lines and Sakha 3 cultivar to different sowing dates and densities J. Agric. Res., Kafr El-Sheikh Univ., 34: 647-661.
[34]	El-Saady, A. S. M., El-Atawy, G. S. and Atia, R. H. 2011. Effect of furrow spacing and phosphorus fertilization treatments on faba bean yield, nutrients content and some water relationships. J. Soil Sci. and Agric. Eng., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 2 (5): 597-610.
[35]	Andreas P. S. and Karen, F. 2002. Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling; Irrigation Manual Module 4.
[36]	Kepner, R. A., Bainer, R. and Barger, E. L. 1978. Principles of farm machinery. Third Edition. A VI Publishing Company, Inc. Westport, Connecticut. U.S.A. P: 186.
[37]	James, L. G. 1988. Principles of farm irrigation system design. John Willey & Sons (ed.), New York, pp. 543.
[38]	Hansen, V. W., Israelsen, O. W. and Stringharm, G. E. 1979. Irrigation principles and practices. 9^th ed., John Willey and Sons Inc., New York, USA.
[39]	Israelsen, O. W. and Hansen, V. E. 1962. Irrigation principles and practices. 3^rd Ed. John Willey and Sons Inc., New York.
[40]	Ali, M. H., Hoque, M. R., Hassan, A. A. and khair, A. 2007. Effects of deficit irrigation on yield, water productivity and economic returns of wheat. Agricultural water management, 92 (3): 151-161.
[41]	Oida, A. 1997. Using personal computer for agricultural machinery management. Kyoto University. Japan. JICA publishing.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. (2020). Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(5), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2020, 6(5), 148-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2020;6(5):148-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16,
  author = {Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy},
  title = {Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {148-161},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  abstract = {Water shortage presents a serious problem nowadays. This problem will certainly worsen in the future, and so, improving the irrigation water efficiency by various methods is one of the economically viable alternatives in overcoming the water scarcity. It considers a good solution to overcome the fight against famine especially in the developing countries. A new technique in cultivation by installing plastic membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone named subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) which helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. But the difficult of installing SWRT system alienated many farmers from adopting this system. Therefore, in this paper, developed machine was manufactured to install the plastic membrane sheet below the root zone of Faba bean crop during the winter growing season 2018 in open field which cultivated at two systems, the first was ridges system and the second was flat soil system. The total fabrication cost of the study machine was 25000 L. E with 2018 price level. This research was carried out in a Balouza research station in north Sinai governorate. Subsurface drip irrigation system was used for irrigation process and laid by developed machine. Three treatments types were used, cultivated system treatment (ridges and flat soil), aspect ratio treatment (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (width to height) and the installing depth of plastic sheet from soil surface (20, 30 and 40) cm. In addition, control treatment was without using the plastic membrane sheet. Actual field capacity, field efficiency, pulling force, fuel consumption rate, total water stored, water consumptive use, stored and consumption water efficiency, Faba bean grain yield, productivity of irrigation water, cost of developed machine and cost of manual process were discussed and compared between the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the machine study succeed in carried out SWRT system and laying subsurface drip irrigation pipes at efficiency of 92% for plastic laying depth, (91% - 95%) for plastic aspect ratio (width - height) and 96% for depth of laying drip pipes. In general, SWRT system achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 49%, 53% and 50% respectively, and achieved the lowest cost about of 74% compared to without using plastic film. The results showed that aspect ratio 2:1 achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 24%, 22% and 7% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 4:1 aspect ratio. While, the aspect ratio 4:1 achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 21%, 26% and 14% respectively, compared to 2:1 aspect ratio. The lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost achieved at 20cm plastic laying depth about of 49%, 44% and 8% respectively, and highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 40cm depth. The highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 14%, 17% and 11% respectively, at 40cm plastic laying depth compared to 20cm depth. The ridge system achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 33%, 32% and 8% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity, total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 5%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively, compared to flat soil.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai
AU  - Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy
Y1  - 2020/10/13
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 148
EP  - 161
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
AB  - Water shortage presents a serious problem nowadays. This problem will certainly worsen in the future, and so, improving the irrigation water efficiency by various methods is one of the economically viable alternatives in overcoming the water scarcity. It considers a good solution to overcome the fight against famine especially in the developing countries. A new technique in cultivation by installing plastic membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone named subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) which helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. But the difficult of installing SWRT system alienated many farmers from adopting this system. Therefore, in this paper, developed machine was manufactured to install the plastic membrane sheet below the root zone of Faba bean crop during the winter growing season 2018 in open field which cultivated at two systems, the first was ridges system and the second was flat soil system. The total fabrication cost of the study machine was 25000 L. E with 2018 price level. This research was carried out in a Balouza research station in north Sinai governorate. Subsurface drip irrigation system was used for irrigation process and laid by developed machine. Three treatments types were used, cultivated system treatment (ridges and flat soil), aspect ratio treatment (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (width to height) and the installing depth of plastic sheet from soil surface (20, 30 and 40) cm. In addition, control treatment was without using the plastic membrane sheet. Actual field capacity, field efficiency, pulling force, fuel consumption rate, total water stored, water consumptive use, stored and consumption water efficiency, Faba bean grain yield, productivity of irrigation water, cost of developed machine and cost of manual process were discussed and compared between the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the machine study succeed in carried out SWRT system and laying subsurface drip irrigation pipes at efficiency of 92% for plastic laying depth, (91% - 95%) for plastic aspect ratio (width - height) and 96% for depth of laying drip pipes. In general, SWRT system achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 49%, 53% and 50% respectively, and achieved the lowest cost about of 74% compared to without using plastic film. The results showed that aspect ratio 2:1 achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 24%, 22% and 7% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 4:1 aspect ratio. While, the aspect ratio 4:1 achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 21%, 26% and 14% respectively, compared to 2:1 aspect ratio. The lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost achieved at 20cm plastic laying depth about of 49%, 44% and 8% respectively, and highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 40cm depth. The highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 14%, 17% and 11% respectively, at 40cm plastic laying depth compared to 20cm depth. The ridge system achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 33%, 32% and 8% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity, total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 5%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively, compared to flat soil.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy

Agricultural Mechanization Unit, Soil and Water Conservation Department - Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. (2020). Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(5), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2020, 6(5), 148-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy. Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2020;6(5):148-161. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16,
  author = {Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy},
  title = {Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {148-161},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20200605.16},
  abstract = {Water shortage presents a serious problem nowadays. This problem will certainly worsen in the future, and so, improving the irrigation water efficiency by various methods is one of the economically viable alternatives in overcoming the water scarcity. It considers a good solution to overcome the fight against famine especially in the developing countries. A new technique in cultivation by installing plastic membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone named subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) which helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. But the difficult of installing SWRT system alienated many farmers from adopting this system. Therefore, in this paper, developed machine was manufactured to install the plastic membrane sheet below the root zone of Faba bean crop during the winter growing season 2018 in open field which cultivated at two systems, the first was ridges system and the second was flat soil system. The total fabrication cost of the study machine was 25000 L. E with 2018 price level. This research was carried out in a Balouza research station in north Sinai governorate. Subsurface drip irrigation system was used for irrigation process and laid by developed machine. Three treatments types were used, cultivated system treatment (ridges and flat soil), aspect ratio treatment (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (width to height) and the installing depth of plastic sheet from soil surface (20, 30 and 40) cm. In addition, control treatment was without using the plastic membrane sheet. Actual field capacity, field efficiency, pulling force, fuel consumption rate, total water stored, water consumptive use, stored and consumption water efficiency, Faba bean grain yield, productivity of irrigation water, cost of developed machine and cost of manual process were discussed and compared between the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the machine study succeed in carried out SWRT system and laying subsurface drip irrigation pipes at efficiency of 92% for plastic laying depth, (91% - 95%) for plastic aspect ratio (width - height) and 96% for depth of laying drip pipes. In general, SWRT system achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 49%, 53% and 50% respectively, and achieved the lowest cost about of 74% compared to without using plastic film. The results showed that aspect ratio 2:1 achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 24%, 22% and 7% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 4:1 aspect ratio. While, the aspect ratio 4:1 achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 21%, 26% and 14% respectively, compared to 2:1 aspect ratio. The lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost achieved at 20cm plastic laying depth about of 49%, 44% and 8% respectively, and highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 40cm depth. The highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 14%, 17% and 11% respectively, at 40cm plastic laying depth compared to 20cm depth. The ridge system achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 33%, 32% and 8% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity, total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 5%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively, compared to flat soil.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of Machine to Extend Plastic Films Under Soil Surface to Improve Water Retention Balouza-North Sinai
AU  - Adil Abdelsamia Meselhy
Y1  - 2020/10/13
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 148
EP  - 161
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20200605.16
AB  - Water shortage presents a serious problem nowadays. This problem will certainly worsen in the future, and so, improving the irrigation water efficiency by various methods is one of the economically viable alternatives in overcoming the water scarcity. It considers a good solution to overcome the fight against famine especially in the developing countries. A new technique in cultivation by installing plastic membrane sheet below the crop’s root zone named subsurface water retention technology (SWRT) which helped to save irrigation water in the root zone, less farm losses, increasing the field water use efficiency and water productivity. But the difficult of installing SWRT system alienated many farmers from adopting this system. Therefore, in this paper, developed machine was manufactured to install the plastic membrane sheet below the root zone of Faba bean crop during the winter growing season 2018 in open field which cultivated at two systems, the first was ridges system and the second was flat soil system. The total fabrication cost of the study machine was 25000 L. E with 2018 price level. This research was carried out in a Balouza research station in north Sinai governorate. Subsurface drip irrigation system was used for irrigation process and laid by developed machine. Three treatments types were used, cultivated system treatment (ridges and flat soil), aspect ratio treatment (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) (width to height) and the installing depth of plastic sheet from soil surface (20, 30 and 40) cm. In addition, control treatment was without using the plastic membrane sheet. Actual field capacity, field efficiency, pulling force, fuel consumption rate, total water stored, water consumptive use, stored and consumption water efficiency, Faba bean grain yield, productivity of irrigation water, cost of developed machine and cost of manual process were discussed and compared between the treatments. The obtained results indicated that the machine study succeed in carried out SWRT system and laying subsurface drip irrigation pipes at efficiency of 92% for plastic laying depth, (91% - 95%) for plastic aspect ratio (width - height) and 96% for depth of laying drip pipes. In general, SWRT system achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 49%, 53% and 50% respectively, and achieved the lowest cost about of 74% compared to without using plastic film. The results showed that aspect ratio 2:1 achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 24%, 22% and 7% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 4:1 aspect ratio. While, the aspect ratio 4:1 achieved the highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 21%, 26% and 14% respectively, compared to 2:1 aspect ratio. The lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost achieved at 20cm plastic laying depth about of 49%, 44% and 8% respectively, and highest actual field capacity about of 6% compared to 40cm depth. The highest total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 14%, 17% and 11% respectively, at 40cm plastic laying depth compared to 20cm depth. The ridge system achieved the lowest pulling force, fuel consumption and cost about of 33%, 32% and 8% respectively, and the highest actual field capacity, total water stored, water consumptive use and Faba bean grain yield about of 5%, 8%, 9% and 8% respectively, compared to flat soil.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download