Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed; Deji Olanike Fasilat

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed, Deji Olanike Fasilat

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 19 September 2016 Accepted: 4 January 2017 Published: 20 January 2017

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Abstract

The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria among male and female cocoa farmers, to assess the gender differential in perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 male cocoa farmers and 120 female cocoa farmers to make a total of 240 respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The result showed that male cocoa farmers, likewise female cocoa are vulnerable to health, (tearing and redness of eyes, body pain, headache) hazards, likewise they also indicated their experience of environmental (air pollution, pollute streams) hazards. About 64% Male and 54% female cocoa farmers had a positive perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage but there was a significant difference between male and female cocoa farmers perception of pesticides hazards. It was concluded that majority male as well as female cocoa farmers in Ekiti State were vulnerable to one pesticide hazards or the other. Adequate and frequent training was recommended for male and female cocoa farmers on pesticides hazards, at the same time less reliance on pesticides usage to reduce vulnerability to the hazards.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pesticides Hazards, Gender Differential, Perception, Pest and Diseases, Cocoa Production

References

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[7]	International Cocoa Organization ICCO 2008: ICCO Manual of best known practices in cocoa production. Version 1. Consultative Board on the world cocoa economy sixteenth meeting Berlin, Monday, 26 May 2008.
[8]	Asogwa, E. U. and Dongo, L. N. 2009: Problems associated with pesticide usage and application in Nigerian cocoa production: A review; African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 4 (8), pp. 675-683.
[9]	Lawal, B. O. Torimiro, D. O. Banjo, A. D. and. Joda, A. O. 2005: Operational Habits and Health Hazards Associated with Pesticide Usage by Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria: Lessons for Extension Work. J. Hum. Ecol., 17 (3): 191-195.
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[13]	Mohammed, B. T. and Abdulquadri, A. F. 2012: Comparative analysis of gender involvement in agricultural production in Nigeria. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics Vol. 4 (8), pp. 240-244.
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[17]	Nigeria population commission (NPC) 2006: Population census of National Republic of Nigeria: http://www.population.gov.ng/index.php/ekiti-state.
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[19]	Kellogg, R. L. Nehring, R. Grube, A. Goss, D. W. and Plotkin, S. 2000: Environmental indicators of pesticide leaching and runoff from farm fields. United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.
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[21]	Deepa T. V. Lakshmi, G. Lakshmi P. S. and Sreekanth S. K. 2011: Ecological Effects of Pesticides http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/21991/InTech-Ecological_effects_of_pesticides.pdf.

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APA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed, Deji Olanike Fasilat. (2017). Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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ACS Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed; Deji Olanike Fasilat. Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2017, 3(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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AMA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed, Deji Olanike Fasilat. Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2017;3(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11,
  author = {Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed and Deji Olanike Fasilat},
  title = {Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20170301.11},
  abstract = {The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria among male and female cocoa farmers, to assess the gender differential in perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 male cocoa farmers and 120 female cocoa farmers to make a total of 240 respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The result showed that male cocoa farmers, likewise female cocoa are vulnerable to health, (tearing and redness of eyes, body pain, headache) hazards, likewise they also indicated their experience of environmental (air pollution, pollute streams) hazards. About 64% Male and 54% female cocoa farmers had a positive perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage but there was a significant difference between male and female cocoa farmers perception of pesticides hazards. It was concluded that majority male as well as female cocoa farmers in Ekiti State were vulnerable to one pesticide hazards or the other. Adequate and frequent training was recommended for male and female cocoa farmers on pesticides hazards, at the same time less reliance on pesticides usage to reduce vulnerability to the hazards.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria
AU  - Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed
AU  - Deji Olanike Fasilat
Y1  - 2017/01/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
AB  - The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria among male and female cocoa farmers, to assess the gender differential in perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 male cocoa farmers and 120 female cocoa farmers to make a total of 240 respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The result showed that male cocoa farmers, likewise female cocoa are vulnerable to health, (tearing and redness of eyes, body pain, headache) hazards, likewise they also indicated their experience of environmental (air pollution, pollute streams) hazards. About 64% Male and 54% female cocoa farmers had a positive perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage but there was a significant difference between male and female cocoa farmers perception of pesticides hazards. It was concluded that majority male as well as female cocoa farmers in Ekiti State were vulnerable to one pesticide hazards or the other. Adequate and frequent training was recommended for male and female cocoa farmers on pesticides hazards, at the same time less reliance on pesticides usage to reduce vulnerability to the hazards.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile–Ife, Nigeria
Deji Olanike Fasilat

Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile–Ife, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed, Deji Olanike Fasilat. (2017). Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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ACS Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed; Deji Olanike Fasilat. Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2017, 3(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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AMA Style

Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed, Deji Olanike Fasilat. Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2017;3(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11,
  author = {Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed and Deji Olanike Fasilat},
  title = {Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20170301.11},
  abstract = {The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria among male and female cocoa farmers, to assess the gender differential in perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 male cocoa farmers and 120 female cocoa farmers to make a total of 240 respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The result showed that male cocoa farmers, likewise female cocoa are vulnerable to health, (tearing and redness of eyes, body pain, headache) hazards, likewise they also indicated their experience of environmental (air pollution, pollute streams) hazards. About 64% Male and 54% female cocoa farmers had a positive perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage but there was a significant difference between male and female cocoa farmers perception of pesticides hazards. It was concluded that majority male as well as female cocoa farmers in Ekiti State were vulnerable to one pesticide hazards or the other. Adequate and frequent training was recommended for male and female cocoa farmers on pesticides hazards, at the same time less reliance on pesticides usage to reduce vulnerability to the hazards.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Gender Perception on the Health and Environmental Hazards of Pesticide Usage among Cocoa Farmers in Ekiti State, Nigeria
AU  - Olowoyo Olamide Ahmed
AU  - Deji Olanike Fasilat
Y1  - 2017/01/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20170301.11
AB  - The study was conducted in Ekiti State, Nigeria among male and female cocoa farmers, to assess the gender differential in perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage. Multi stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 120 male cocoa farmers and 120 female cocoa farmers to make a total of 240 respondents for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyse the data. The result showed that male cocoa farmers, likewise female cocoa are vulnerable to health, (tearing and redness of eyes, body pain, headache) hazards, likewise they also indicated their experience of environmental (air pollution, pollute streams) hazards. About 64% Male and 54% female cocoa farmers had a positive perception of the health and environmental hazards of pesticides usage but there was a significant difference between male and female cocoa farmers perception of pesticides hazards. It was concluded that majority male as well as female cocoa farmers in Ekiti State were vulnerable to one pesticide hazards or the other. Adequate and frequent training was recommended for male and female cocoa farmers on pesticides hazards, at the same time less reliance on pesticides usage to reduce vulnerability to the hazards.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

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