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Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Management of Faecal Sludge in Ghana: A Case Study of the Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant

Received: 15 March 2018    Accepted: 30 March 2018    Published: 14 May 2018
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Abstract

Faecal sludge management in Ghana has been undertaken in different scales using different methods for years. Each of these methods involves human intervention in one form or the other. Direct human-to-faecal matter contact cannot be avoided completely in faecal sludge treatment. However, the degree of contact depends on the finesse of technology employed. Also, emission of gaseous substances along the treatment value chain both as a direct result of the sludge or of chemicals being employed in the treatment process is another challenge. In whichever way the situation is looked at, all these processes will present occupational safety and health issues to workers and other stakeholders if not proactively regulated. Data was collected at five different levels using different instruments at Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant operated by Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd. was analyzed for this study. This was done to ascertain the status of Health and Safety Practices and worker risk and or hazard exposures in a typical faecal management in Ghana. It was realised that a very comprehensive safety management systems have been instituted to ensure protection for all. Activities at the plant are regulated by an approved written health and safety policy, environmental management policy and standard operating procedures documents. Physical structures have safety warning signs fixed on them where appropriate and the plant’s operations are supported with state-of-the-art technology – gas detectors, buoyancy devices around open tanks, supply of appropriate personal protective equipment, provision of sanitary facilities among others. Management of the plant considers health and safety of every person admitted to the site an utmost priority. This is demonstrated by management’s commitment to releasing funds and direct participation in safety programs. Awareness creation in the form of orientations and trainings is effectively communicated to all site patrons. Mental wellbeing of workers is ensured through a welfare system and a physical activity program. It is not surprising therefore that despite the extent of hazards associated with the faecal matter handling yet no serious incident, accident and or health related issues had yet been identified after more than a year of operation.

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11
Page(s) 42-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Occupational Health and Safety, SSGL, Structural Development, Welfare System, Faecal Sludge Treatment

References
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[8] Factories, Offices and Shops Act 1970. 1970. Found at: http://www.melr.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Factories-and-Shops-Act.pdf
[9] Mining Regulations 1970. Cited in Occupational Health and Safety and Organizational Commitment: Evidence from the Ghanaian Mining Industry. Found at: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2093791116000032/1-s2.0-S2093791116000032-main.pdf?_tid=4d069cae-04d1-4f09-8af9-d8b3db5275bd&acdnat=1520864960_49da1ef17396f9804cf7d74a7fba50db
[10] UNICEF. 2016. Assessment of Waste Water Treatment Plants In Ghana. Pp 18
[11] Doku A. I. (2003) The potential for the use of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the treatment of faecal sludges in Ghana (BSc (Kumasi), MSc (Leeds), MASc (Toronto), PhD (Leeds).
[12] Gbenatey, N. E. (2013). Faecal Sludge Reuse in Urban and Peri-urban Crop Production.
[13] Akhter, S., Salahuddin, A. F. M., Iqbal, M., Malek, A., & Jahan, N. (2010). Health and occupational safety for female workforce of garment industries in Bangladesh, m(1), 65–70.
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[15] Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (1978). Found at: http://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf
[16] UN’s Global Strategy on Health for All (2000). Found at: http://iris.wpro.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665.1/6967/WPR_RC032_GlobalStrategy_1981_en.pdf
[17] Mackay, C. J, Cousins, R., Peter J. Kelly, P. J., Lee, S., and Mccaig, R. H. (2004). Management Standards’ and Work-Related Stress in the UK: Policy Background and Science, Work and Stress, 18 (2), 91-112
[18] McEwan, B. S. (2000). The neurobiology of stress: From serendipity to clinical relevance. Brain Research, 886, 172-189.
[19] Brunner, E. (2002). Stress mechanisms in coronary heart disease. In S. Stansfeld and M. Marmot (Eds.), Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease (pp. 181-199). London: BMJ Books.
[20] Sapolsky, R. (2003). Taming stress. Scientific American, 289(3), 86-95. The Health Foundation (2011). Measuring safety culture, The Evidence Scan. London, the Evidence Centre. Retrieved from www.health.org.uk on February 10, 2015.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Joseph Yeboah Siaw, Issahaku Ahmed, Dennis Ofori-Amanfo, Florence Cobbold, Gizella Tetteh Agbotui, et al. (2018). Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Management of Faecal Sludge in Ghana: A Case Study of the Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 4(2), 42-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11

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    ACS Style

    Joseph Yeboah Siaw; Issahaku Ahmed; Dennis Ofori-Amanfo; Florence Cobbold; Gizella Tetteh Agbotui, et al. Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Management of Faecal Sludge in Ghana: A Case Study of the Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant. J. Health Environ. Res. 2018, 4(2), 42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11

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    AMA Style

    Joseph Yeboah Siaw, Issahaku Ahmed, Dennis Ofori-Amanfo, Florence Cobbold, Gizella Tetteh Agbotui, et al. Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Management of Faecal Sludge in Ghana: A Case Study of the Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant. J Health Environ Res. 2018;4(2):42-50. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11,
      author = {Joseph Yeboah Siaw and Issahaku Ahmed and Dennis Ofori-Amanfo and Florence Cobbold and Gizella Tetteh Agbotui and Esi Awuah},
      title = {Occupational Health and Safety Status in the Management of Faecal Sludge in Ghana: A Case Study of the Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant},
      journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {42-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20180402.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20180402.11},
      abstract = {Faecal sludge management in Ghana has been undertaken in different scales using different methods for years. Each of these methods involves human intervention in one form or the other. Direct human-to-faecal matter contact cannot be avoided completely in faecal sludge treatment. However, the degree of contact depends on the finesse of technology employed. Also, emission of gaseous substances along the treatment value chain both as a direct result of the sludge or of chemicals being employed in the treatment process is another challenge. In whichever way the situation is looked at, all these processes will present occupational safety and health issues to workers and other stakeholders if not proactively regulated. Data was collected at five different levels using different instruments at Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant operated by Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd. was analyzed for this study. This was done to ascertain the status of Health and Safety Practices and worker risk and or hazard exposures in a typical faecal management in Ghana. It was realised that a very comprehensive safety management systems have been instituted to ensure protection for all. Activities at the plant are regulated by an approved written health and safety policy, environmental management policy and standard operating procedures documents. Physical structures have safety warning signs fixed on them where appropriate and the plant’s operations are supported with state-of-the-art technology – gas detectors, buoyancy devices around open tanks, supply of appropriate personal protective equipment, provision of sanitary facilities among others. Management of the plant considers health and safety of every person admitted to the site an utmost priority. This is demonstrated by management’s commitment to releasing funds and direct participation in safety programs. Awareness creation in the form of orientations and trainings is effectively communicated to all site patrons. Mental wellbeing of workers is ensured through a welfare system and a physical activity program. It is not surprising therefore that despite the extent of hazards associated with the faecal matter handling yet no serious incident, accident and or health related issues had yet been identified after more than a year of operation.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AU  - Joseph Yeboah Siaw
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    JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
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    AB  - Faecal sludge management in Ghana has been undertaken in different scales using different methods for years. Each of these methods involves human intervention in one form or the other. Direct human-to-faecal matter contact cannot be avoided completely in faecal sludge treatment. However, the degree of contact depends on the finesse of technology employed. Also, emission of gaseous substances along the treatment value chain both as a direct result of the sludge or of chemicals being employed in the treatment process is another challenge. In whichever way the situation is looked at, all these processes will present occupational safety and health issues to workers and other stakeholders if not proactively regulated. Data was collected at five different levels using different instruments at Lavender Hill Faecal Treatment Plant operated by Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd. was analyzed for this study. This was done to ascertain the status of Health and Safety Practices and worker risk and or hazard exposures in a typical faecal management in Ghana. It was realised that a very comprehensive safety management systems have been instituted to ensure protection for all. Activities at the plant are regulated by an approved written health and safety policy, environmental management policy and standard operating procedures documents. Physical structures have safety warning signs fixed on them where appropriate and the plant’s operations are supported with state-of-the-art technology – gas detectors, buoyancy devices around open tanks, supply of appropriate personal protective equipment, provision of sanitary facilities among others. Management of the plant considers health and safety of every person admitted to the site an utmost priority. This is demonstrated by management’s commitment to releasing funds and direct participation in safety programs. Awareness creation in the form of orientations and trainings is effectively communicated to all site patrons. Mental wellbeing of workers is ensured through a welfare system and a physical activity program. It is not surprising therefore that despite the extent of hazards associated with the faecal matter handling yet no serious incident, accident and or health related issues had yet been identified after more than a year of operation.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd., Accra, Ghana

  • Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd., Accra, Ghana

  • Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd., Accra, Ghana

  • Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd., Accra, Ghana

  • Sewerage Systems Ghana Ltd., Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Civil Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

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