Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi; Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie; Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie; Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi, Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie, Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 29 August 2016 Accepted: 3 November 2016 Published: 9 December 2016

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.

Published in	International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

HBV, Genotypes, Wasit Province, Iraq

References

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APA Style

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi, Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie, Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. (2016). Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

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Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi; Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie; Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie; Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Clin. Sci. 2016, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

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Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi, Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie, Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. Int J Biomed Eng Clin Sci. 2016;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11,
  author = {Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi and Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie and Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie and Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy},
  title = {Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  abstract = {Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq
AU  - Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi
AU  - Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie
AU  - Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie
AU  - Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy
Y1  - 2016/12/09
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1301
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
AB  - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi

Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University, Al-Kut, Iraq
Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie

Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University, Al-Kut, Iraq
Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie

Department of Biology, College of Science, Wasit University, Al-Kut, Iraq
Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy

Molecular Biology Laboratory, Alkarama Teaching Hospital, Al-Kut, Iraq

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APA Style

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi, Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie, Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. (2016). Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

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ACS Style

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi; Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie; Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie; Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. Int. J. Biomed. Eng. Clin. Sci. 2016, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

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AMA Style

Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi, Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie, Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie, Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy. Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq. Int J Biomed Eng Clin Sci. 2016;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11,
  author = {Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi and Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie and Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie and Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy},
  title = {Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbecs.20160201.11},
  abstract = {Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Unusual HBV Mixed Genotype Infections Among Hepatitis Type B Iraqi Patients in Wasit Province/Iraq
AU  - Ali Shakir Kamil Al-Suraifi
AU  - Ahmed Darwish Jabbar Al-Rubaie
AU  - Sareaa Maseer Gatya Al-Mayahie
AU  - Naeem Mohammed Mohsen Al-Abedy
Y1  - 2016/12/09
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Clinical Science
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1301
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbecs.20160201.11
AB  - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause to liver disease, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. About 1 million people die from HBV each year, which equates to about 2 HBV related deaths each minute. Depending on the virus sequence homogeneity as a minimum 10 genotypes (A to J) and numerous subgenotypes have been identified. Hepatitis B virus variants may be differ in their virulence, models of serologic reactivity, pathogenicity, response to treatment and global distribution. This study was carried out to detect HBV genotypes among Iraqi hepatitis type B patients in Wasit Province/ Iraq using nested PCR protocol. A total of 105 outpatients (65 males and 40 females, aged 1-95 years) clinically suspected as having viral hepatitis were included in this study. All the patients' sera (105 samples) were positive for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA screen test. Whereas 72 (60.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of these samples were positive and negative for HBV DNA, respectively, by first PCR. Survey of DNA positive samples for HBV genotypes by nested PCR (second PCR) demonstrated a unique results that no single genotype was found and all of these samples had mixed genotypes of which the pattern A+B+C+D+E was the most common (77.7%), followed by A+B+D+E (16.66%), A+B+C (2.77%), A+B+E (1.38%), and A+D+E (1.38%), whereas genotype F was not found in any patient. Statistically, there was non-significant difference in distribution of genotypes among males and females. The presence of mixed infection with about 5 HBV genotypes among most of our patients lead us to conclude that these patients are incurred to different sources of infection at different times and this required an epidemiological evaluation of HBV infection among our patients not only in Wasit Province but also all over Iraq to control this abnormal acquisition of these genotypes by Iraqi people.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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