Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques

Tamador Almardi Albashier; Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo; Abdalsakhi Suliman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al₂O₃) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques

Tamador Almardi Albashier, Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo, Abdalsakhi Suliman

Published in Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 30 September 2020 Accepted: 20 October 2020 Published: 19 November 2020

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Abstract

Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties, this paper aimed to synthesize and characterize the optical properties of pure Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork, and Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork doped by Aluminum oxide in ratios (0.1 to 0.9) molar, for the preparation of Aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO₃)39H₂O)) was used (as a source of Aluminum oxide, provided by (LOBA CHEMIE) company, with a molecular weight of 375.13 and a concentration of 98%, which is a white powder that is soluble in water, it was prepared at a temperature of (80) degrees Celsius for each Samples with different concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) morality by adding N, N-Dimethylformamide for HPLC and Spectroscopy as an oxidizing agent and precipitant, then by Sol-Gel method at a temperature of 80°C for 60 minutes, samples of doped cork were deposited on glass slides. By using the ultraviolet technique (UV-VIS), the transmittance and absorption spectra were recorded within the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the cork doping percentage. The basic absorption peaks of the cork tends towards the low photon energy (red shift) when increasing the doping rates of Aluminum oxide, while it was tending towards the high energy (blue shift) photon at the cork before doping, and that is through the absorption coefficient values that were calculated from the absorbance spectrum, which is greater than Likewise, the optical parameters of reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The energy gap of the cork doped by Aluminum oxide is small compared to the energy gap of the pure polystyrene cork. It has been concluded that the Aluminum oxide ratios with different molar values confirm the cause of the energy gap shifts.

Published in	Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
Page(s)	14-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cork, Polystyrene, Optical Properties, Energy Gap, Aluminum Oxide

References

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[3]	M. I. d. F. Carrasquinho: Boletim do Instituto dos Produtos Florestais – Cortic¸a, 1987, 583, 17–18.
[4]	H. Pereira, M. E. Rosa and M. A. Fortes: IAWA Bull., 1987, 8 (3), 213–217.
[5]	A. Costa, H. Pereira and A. Oliveira: For. Ecol. Manage., 2003, 175, 239–246.
[6]	S. K. J. Al- Ani, “Studies of optical and related properties of thin amorphous films ", Ph. D. Thesis, Brunel University, (1984).
[7]	S. Ben, “Solid State Electronic Devices”, Hall International, Inc., U.S.A, (1990).
[8]	O. Stenz, "The Physics of Thin Film Optical Spectra", An Introduction, Winzerlaer Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany, (2005).
[9]	J. Taunce,"Amorphous and Liquid Semiconductors", Plenum Press, London, (1974).
[10]	C. kittel,"Introduction to Solid State Physics", 6th. Edition, Wiley, (1986).
[11]	B. L. Theraja, "Modern Physics", S. Chandand Company (PVY), New Delhi, (1987).
[12]	Ekbal A. M., "Study of the Physical Properties of ZrO₂:(Co, Ti) Thin Films Prepared by Chemical Spray Pyrolysis", M. Sc. Thesis, Al- Qadisiya University, (2016).
[13]	M. Fox, "Optical Properties Of Solide", Oxford University Press Inc, NewYork, (2001).
[14]	Sura N. T., "Study The Structural, optical and electrical properties of Indium doped Tin oxide thin films deposited by thermal evaporation", M. Sc. Thesis, kufa University, (2017).
[15]	Natalia Ferreira Braga (2020), et al, ‘Effect of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Functionalization and Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Poly (trim ethyleneterephthalate) (PTT-g-MA) on the Preparation ofAntistatic Packages of PTT/CNT Nanocomposites’, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 330 Talim, São José dos Campos SP 12231-280, Brazil.

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Tamador Almardi Albashier, Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo, Abdalsakhi Suliman. (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology, 6(2), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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Tamador Almardi Albashier; Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo; Abdalsakhi Suliman. Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. J. Photonic Mater. Technol. 2020, 6(2), 14-20. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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Tamador Almardi Albashier, Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo, Abdalsakhi Suliman. Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. J Photonic Mater Technol. 2020;6(2):14-20. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11,
  author = {Tamador Almardi Albashier and Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo and Abdalsakhi Suliman},
  title = {Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques},
  journal = {Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  abstract = {Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties, this paper aimed to synthesize and characterize the optical properties of pure Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork, and Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork doped by Aluminum oxide in ratios (0.1 to 0.9) molar, for the preparation of Aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)39H2O)) was used (as a source of Aluminum oxide, provided by (LOBA CHEMIE) company, with a molecular weight of 375.13 and a concentration of 98%, which is a white powder that is soluble in water, it was prepared at a temperature of (80) degrees Celsius for each Samples with different concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) morality by adding N, N-Dimethylformamide for HPLC and Spectroscopy as an oxidizing agent and precipitant, then by Sol-Gel method at a temperature of 80°C for 60 minutes, samples of doped cork were deposited on glass slides. By using the ultraviolet technique (UV-VIS), the transmittance and absorption spectra were recorded within the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the cork doping percentage. The basic absorption peaks of the cork tends towards the low photon energy (red shift) when increasing the doping rates of Aluminum oxide, while it was tending towards the high energy (blue shift) photon at the cork before doping, and that is through the absorption coefficient values that were calculated from the absorbance spectrum, which is greater than Likewise, the optical parameters of reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The energy gap of the cork doped by Aluminum oxide is small compared to the energy gap of the pure polystyrene cork. It has been concluded that the Aluminum oxide ratios with different molar values confirm the cause of the energy gap shifts.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques
AU  - Tamador Almardi Albashier
AU  - Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo
AU  - Abdalsakhi Suliman
Y1  - 2020/11/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
T2  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JF  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JO  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
SP  - 14
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8431
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
AB  - Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties, this paper aimed to synthesize and characterize the optical properties of pure Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork, and Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork doped by Aluminum oxide in ratios (0.1 to 0.9) molar, for the preparation of Aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)39H2O)) was used (as a source of Aluminum oxide, provided by (LOBA CHEMIE) company, with a molecular weight of 375.13 and a concentration of 98%, which is a white powder that is soluble in water, it was prepared at a temperature of (80) degrees Celsius for each Samples with different concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) morality by adding N, N-Dimethylformamide for HPLC and Spectroscopy as an oxidizing agent and precipitant, then by Sol-Gel method at a temperature of 80°C for 60 minutes, samples of doped cork were deposited on glass slides. By using the ultraviolet technique (UV-VIS), the transmittance and absorption spectra were recorded within the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the cork doping percentage. The basic absorption peaks of the cork tends towards the low photon energy (red shift) when increasing the doping rates of Aluminum oxide, while it was tending towards the high energy (blue shift) photon at the cork before doping, and that is through the absorption coefficient values that were calculated from the absorbance spectrum, which is greater than Likewise, the optical parameters of reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The energy gap of the cork doped by Aluminum oxide is small compared to the energy gap of the pure polystyrene cork. It has been concluded that the Aluminum oxide ratios with different molar values confirm the cause of the energy gap shifts.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Tamador Almardi Albashier

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Computational Science, Sudan International University, Khartoum, Sudan
Abdalsakhi Suliman

Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Neilien University, Khartoum, Sudan

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APA Style

Tamador Almardi Albashier, Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo, Abdalsakhi Suliman. (2020). Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology, 6(2), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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ACS Style

Tamador Almardi Albashier; Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo; Abdalsakhi Suliman. Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. J. Photonic Mater. Technol. 2020, 6(2), 14-20. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

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AMA Style

Tamador Almardi Albashier, Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo, Abdalsakhi Suliman. Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques. J Photonic Mater Technol. 2020;6(2):14-20. doi: 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11,
  author = {Tamador Almardi Albashier and Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo and Abdalsakhi Suliman},
  title = {Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques},
  journal = {Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jmpt.20200602.11},
  abstract = {Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties, this paper aimed to synthesize and characterize the optical properties of pure Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork, and Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork doped by Aluminum oxide in ratios (0.1 to 0.9) molar, for the preparation of Aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)39H2O)) was used (as a source of Aluminum oxide, provided by (LOBA CHEMIE) company, with a molecular weight of 375.13 and a concentration of 98%, which is a white powder that is soluble in water, it was prepared at a temperature of (80) degrees Celsius for each Samples with different concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) morality by adding N, N-Dimethylformamide for HPLC and Spectroscopy as an oxidizing agent and precipitant, then by Sol-Gel method at a temperature of 80°C for 60 minutes, samples of doped cork were deposited on glass slides. By using the ultraviolet technique (UV-VIS), the transmittance and absorption spectra were recorded within the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the cork doping percentage. The basic absorption peaks of the cork tends towards the low photon energy (red shift) when increasing the doping rates of Aluminum oxide, while it was tending towards the high energy (blue shift) photon at the cork before doping, and that is through the absorption coefficient values that were calculated from the absorbance spectrum, which is greater than Likewise, the optical parameters of reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The energy gap of the cork doped by Aluminum oxide is small compared to the energy gap of the pure polystyrene cork. It has been concluded that the Aluminum oxide ratios with different molar values confirm the cause of the energy gap shifts.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene (Cork) Doped by Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) to Improve Its Optical Properties Using the (UV-VIS) Techniques
AU  - Tamador Almardi Albashier
AU  - Mahmoud Hamid Mahmoud Hilo
AU  - Abdalsakhi Suliman
Y1  - 2020/11/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
T2  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JF  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
JO  - Journal of Photonic Materials and Technology
SP  - 14
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8431
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jmpt.20200602.11
AB  - Cork is considered one of the polymers of very low industrial value and is used only for secondary purposes such as packaging, and it is possible to have any other uses of high value by doping the cork with materials that can change its physical properties, this paper aimed to synthesize and characterize the optical properties of pure Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork, and Polystyrene (200 grams) Cork doped by Aluminum oxide in ratios (0.1 to 0.9) molar, for the preparation of Aluminum oxide, aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)39H2O)) was used (as a source of Aluminum oxide, provided by (LOBA CHEMIE) company, with a molecular weight of 375.13 and a concentration of 98%, which is a white powder that is soluble in water, it was prepared at a temperature of (80) degrees Celsius for each Samples with different concentrations ranging from (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9) morality by adding N, N-Dimethylformamide for HPLC and Spectroscopy as an oxidizing agent and precipitant, then by Sol-Gel method at a temperature of 80°C for 60 minutes, samples of doped cork were deposited on glass slides. By using the ultraviolet technique (UV-VIS), the transmittance and absorption spectra were recorded within the wavelength range of (200-800) nm. The results showed that the transmittance decreased with increasing the cork doping percentage. The basic absorption peaks of the cork tends towards the low photon energy (red shift) when increasing the doping rates of Aluminum oxide, while it was tending towards the high energy (blue shift) photon at the cork before doping, and that is through the absorption coefficient values that were calculated from the absorbance spectrum, which is greater than Likewise, the optical parameters of reflectivity, extinction coefficient, and refractive index were calculated. The energy gap of the cork doped by Aluminum oxide is small compared to the energy gap of the pure polystyrene cork. It has been concluded that the Aluminum oxide ratios with different molar values confirm the cause of the energy gap shifts.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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