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The Egyptian Period in the History of Embalming

Received: 25 November 2019    Accepted: 15 January 2020    Published: 10 February 2020
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Abstract

Since ancient times, people have sought to preserve the body of a deceased person as a container for his soul. Embalming originated in Egypt, presumably in 200 BC. and permission was used until 650 AD The need for embalming the bodies of the dead in Egypt was associated with religious beliefs that for this it was necessary to remain intact. The history of embalming is an interesting section of the science of man and has almost four millennia. It is known that the Egyptians skillfully embalmed the bodies of the dead, and no nation in the world could compete with them in this area. The embalming methods used by the Egyptians were changed in accordance with the usual and receiving embalmers. Modern research quite accurately restored the embalming process in Ancient Egypt, which was divided into several stages. The problem of preserving the bodies of the dead continues to worry scientists today, paving the way for modern anatomical technologies and contributing to their development. Based on the texts of the ancient Egyptian embalms, their unique, sometimes mysterious art, the teachings on embalming developed, improved and survived to this day. Centuries have passed in the time of Embalming, but the problem of preserving the bodies of the dead continues to worry scientists.

Published in International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14
Page(s) 11-15
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Embalming History, Embalming Techniques and Methods, Embalming Categories in Egypt

References
[1] Sapin M. R. "Human Anatomy" ed. Medicine, 1996, S. 9-12.
[2] Nicolenko E. S. The mystery of the embalming from egiptian mummies to present days. Bulletin of the Council of Young Scientists and Specialists of the Chelyabinsk Region. 2016; 2 (2-15): 46-49.
[3] Venediktov A. S. «Sposob bal'zamirovanija trupov i prevrashhenie ih v mumii». Uchenye zapiski; Har'kov – 1899 g. S. 10-25.
[4] Koncevich I. A., Lysenko O. B., Mihajlichenko B. V., Mel'nichenko V. P. «Datirovanie srokov zahoronenija trupov mnogovekovoj davnosti» Pervyj s#ezd sudebnyh medikov Kazahstana. Chemkent – 1989 g. S. 30-32.
[5] Brenner E. Human body preservation – old and new techniques. J Anat. 2014; 224 (3): 316–344. doi: 10.1111/joa.12160.
[6] Jones J, Higham T. F. G., Oldfield R., O'Connor T. P., Buckley S. A. Evidence for Prehistoric Origins of Egyptian Mummification in Late Neolithic Burials. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (8): e103608. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103608.
[7] Gusovskaja N. D. «K voprosu issledovanija vysohshih tkanej» Trudy sudebno-medicinskih jekspertov Ukrainy. Kiev – 1958 g. S. 301-308.
[8] Kuznecov L. E., Hohlov V. V., Fadeev S. P., Shigeev V. B. «Bal'zamirovanie i restavracija trupov» Rukovodstvo. Smolensk- Moskva, izd. Profizdat, 1999 g., S. 21-30.
[9] Jaroslavcev B. M. «Istorija bal'zamirovanija trupov i tvorcy russkoj anatomicheskoj tehniki» Tipografija upravlenija poligrafiz data, g. Frunze, 1960 g., S. 7-21.
[10] Clark K. A., Ikram S., Evershed R. P. The significance of petroleum bitumen in ancient Egyptian mummies. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016; 374 (2079): 20160229. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0229.
[11] Minakov P. A. «O konservirovanii i mumifikacii trupov» Russkij antropologicheskij zhurnal. M., 1924 g., t. 23, vypusk №1, S. 27-37.
[12] Kolesnikov A. M., Jetingen L. E. «Za predelami uchebnika anatomii cheloveka» M., 2013 g., OOO Izdatel'sko-poligraficheskij kompleks Vest', S. 12-13.
[13] Violin D. A. «Bal'zamirovanie, mumii i moshhi» Smolensk – 1936 g., S. 16-44.
[14] Kostylev V. I., Popov I. V. «Daktiloskopirovanie mumificirovannyh trupov» Sudebno-medicinskaja jekspertiza. M.: Medicina – 1974 g., №1, 50s.
[15] Moissidou D, D Day J, Shin DH, Bianucci R. Invasive versus Non Invasive Methods Applied to Mummy Research: Will This Controversy Ever Be Solved? Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015: 192829. doi: 10.1155/2015/192829.
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    Milyukov Vladimir Yefimovich, Chilingaridi Svetlana Ninelievna, Sharifova Kheyalya Murshud Kizi, Sharifov Elshan Rovshan Oglu. (2020). The Egyptian Period in the History of Embalming. International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy, 6(1), 11-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14

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    ACS Style

    Milyukov Vladimir Yefimovich; Chilingaridi Svetlana Ninelievna; Sharifova Kheyalya Murshud Kizi; Sharifov Elshan Rovshan Oglu. The Egyptian Period in the History of Embalming. Int. J. Clin. Dev. Anat. 2020, 6(1), 11-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14

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    AMA Style

    Milyukov Vladimir Yefimovich, Chilingaridi Svetlana Ninelievna, Sharifova Kheyalya Murshud Kizi, Sharifov Elshan Rovshan Oglu. The Egyptian Period in the History of Embalming. Int J Clin Dev Anat. 2020;6(1):11-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14,
      author = {Milyukov Vladimir Yefimovich and Chilingaridi Svetlana Ninelievna and Sharifova Kheyalya Murshud Kizi and Sharifov Elshan Rovshan Oglu},
      title = {The Egyptian Period in the History of Embalming},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical and Developmental Anatomy},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {11-15},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcda.20200601.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcda.20200601.14},
      abstract = {Since ancient times, people have sought to preserve the body of a deceased person as a container for his soul. Embalming originated in Egypt, presumably in 200 BC. and permission was used until 650 AD The need for embalming the bodies of the dead in Egypt was associated with religious beliefs that for this it was necessary to remain intact. The history of embalming is an interesting section of the science of man and has almost four millennia. It is known that the Egyptians skillfully embalmed the bodies of the dead, and no nation in the world could compete with them in this area. The embalming methods used by the Egyptians were changed in accordance with the usual and receiving embalmers. Modern research quite accurately restored the embalming process in Ancient Egypt, which was divided into several stages. The problem of preserving the bodies of the dead continues to worry scientists today, paving the way for modern anatomical technologies and contributing to their development. Based on the texts of the ancient Egyptian embalms, their unique, sometimes mysterious art, the teachings on embalming developed, improved and survived to this day. Centuries have passed in the time of Embalming, but the problem of preserving the bodies of the dead continues to worry scientists.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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Author Information
  • Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian

  • Department of Human Anatomy, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia

  • Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University I. M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian

  • Head of the Clinic "Todays’ Dental", Moscow, Russia

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