Geochemical analysis of shallow groundwater from Ilorin metropolis was carried out with the aim of assessing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater. Thirty (30) boreholes were examined and samples were collected from these boreholes. These samples were subjected to chemical analyses to determine both cations and anions compositions of the groundwater. The concentrations of cations (trace elements) were determined using AAS at the Department of Geology while major cations were determined using flame photometry emission at the Centre for Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory University of Ibadan. The compositions of anions in the samples were analyzed using titration method at the National Geo-Hazard Research Laboratory, Ibadan. Some physical parameters such as TDS, pH, EC as well as colour and odour were determined in-situ. The results of the physical parameters show that EC ranged from 44.3 - 1079µs/cm; TDS 10.6 – 501.0mg/l. The results of the chemical analysis in mg/l for trace elements showed that Cd (0.57 – 0.58), Co (3.84 – 3.87), Cr (3.41 – 3.79) and Ni (0.00 – 0.11); Major elements: Ca (1.20 – 6.60); Mg (2.40 – 5.53); K (1.45 - 5.86) while the results of the anions showed that concentrations (mg/l) of Cl ranged from (6.00 – 229.95), HCO3 (0.20 – 2.18), SO4 (0.01 – 1.47) and NO3 (0.09 – 0.35). Further evaluation of the results shows that samples from areas that are densely populated and dominated with lot of commercial activities have high concentrations of chloride, nitrate, Cd and bicarbonate. The results of the analysis were compared with the WHO Standards and it was observed that Cd and chloride were far greater than WHO Standards recommended for safe drinking water.
| Published in | American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-8 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Ilorin Metropolis, Groundwater, Hydrogeochemical Assessments
| [1] | Adams, S., Titus, R. and Xu, Y. (2004): Groundwater recharge assessment of the basement aquifers of Central Namaqualand. WRC Report No. 1093/1/04. Water Research Commission, Pretoria. ISBN 1-77005-214-3. |
| [2] | Ademilua, O. L. (1997): A Geoelectric and Geologic Evaluation of Groundwater potential of Ekiti and Ondo States, Southwestern, Nigeria. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Dept. of Geology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 67p. |
| [3] | Ajadi, B. S. (2010): Potable water availability and consumption pattern in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria. Global J. Hum. Soc. Sci. 10 (6): 44-50. |
| [4] | Ako, B. D (1970): Statistical tests and chemical quality of shallow Groundwater from metamorphic terrain, Ile-Ife/Modakeke, SW, Nigeria, Journal of African Earth Science, Vol. 10, No 4. Pp 613-633. |
| [5] | Ali, I., Gupta, V. K., Aboul-Enein, H. Y., and Hussain, A (2008): Hyphenation in sample preparation: Advancement from micro to nano world, Journal of Separation Science, 31 (11), 2040–2053. |
| [6] | American Public Health Association (APHA) 1998: Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Waste water. 20th Edition. Section 4500 B & E. |
| [7] | Ashano, E. C., Agbomishie, A. M. and Dibal, H. U. (2006): Physical and Chemical Quality of shallow groundwaters (hand-dug wells) in Jos metropolis and Environs. 8p. |
| [8] | Azeez, L. O; (1971): Rural water supply in the Basement Complex of western State. Hydro science of Ibadan Metropolis. Unpublished Thesis, Univ. of Ibadan Bull. 17, pp 77-110. 72P. |
| [9] | Davies, S. N and Dewiest, R. (1966): Hydrology John Wiley and sons Inc, N. Y. 463p |
| [10] | Idowu, O. A. Martins, O. and Gbadebo, A. M. (2007): Hydraulic and hydrochemical characteristics of the phreatic basement aquifers in parts of southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Mining and geology, Vol. 43 (1) 71-78. |
| [11] | Jones, H. A. and Hockey, R. D. (1964): The geology of part of Nigeria. Geology survey of Nigeria. Bulletin No. 31. Pp 101. |
| [12] | Mandel and Shiften, (1981): Groundwater resource investigations and development, Academic Press New York, pp. 269. |
| [13] | Olade, M. A., and Elueze, A. A. (1979): Petrochemistry of the Ilesha amphibolites and Precambrian crustal evolution in the Pan African domain of SW Nigeria, Precambrian Res. 8: 308-318. |
| [14] | Oluyide P. O., Nwajide C. S. and Oni, A. O. (1998): The Geology of the Ilorin Area. Bulletin No. 42 of Geological Survey of Nigeria, Published by Federal Government of Nigeria. |
| [15] | Oyawoye, M. O., (1972): The Basement Complex of Nigeria. In: African Geology (T. F. J. Denssauvagie and A. J Whiteman, Eds.). Ibadan University Press, Ibadan. Pp. 67-99. |
| [16] | Piper, A. M. (1944): A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analyses. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 25: 914–923. |
| [17] | Rahaman, M. A. (1976): A review of the basement geology of SW Nigeria in Kogbe, C. A; (ed). Geology of Nigeria, Lagos, Elizabeth Pub. Pp 41-58. |
| [18] | Ritter, W and Chimside, A. E. M. (1984): Impact of land use on groundwater quality in southern Delaware. Groundwater 22 (9) 38–47. |
| [19] | Tijani, M. N. (2016): Groundwater: the buried vulnerable treasure; inaugural lectures of University of Ibadan, 80 pp. |
| [20] | Walther, J. V. (2005): Essentials of Geochemistry. Published by Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury, USA. 687p. |
| [21] | World Health Organization (2008): Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition, ISBN 978 92 4 154815 1. |
APA Style
Afolabi Olubukola O., Olutomilola Olabode O., Ishaki Jamil D. (2018). Assessment of Groundwater System Characteristics in Ilorin Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 4(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11
ACS Style
Afolabi Olubukola O.; Olutomilola Olabode O.; Ishaki Jamil D. Assessment of Groundwater System Characteristics in Ilorin Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2018, 4(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11
AMA Style
Afolabi Olubukola O., Olutomilola Olabode O., Ishaki Jamil D. Assessment of Groundwater System Characteristics in Ilorin Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2018;4(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11,
author = {Afolabi Olubukola O. and Olutomilola Olabode O. and Ishaki Jamil D.},
title = {Assessment of Groundwater System Characteristics in Ilorin Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria},
journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20180401.11},
abstract = {Geochemical analysis of shallow groundwater from Ilorin metropolis was carried out with the aim of assessing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater. Thirty (30) boreholes were examined and samples were collected from these boreholes. These samples were subjected to chemical analyses to determine both cations and anions compositions of the groundwater. The concentrations of cations (trace elements) were determined using AAS at the Department of Geology while major cations were determined using flame photometry emission at the Centre for Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory University of Ibadan. The compositions of anions in the samples were analyzed using titration method at the National Geo-Hazard Research Laboratory, Ibadan. Some physical parameters such as TDS, pH, EC as well as colour and odour were determined in-situ. The results of the physical parameters show that EC ranged from 44.3 - 1079µs/cm; TDS 10.6 – 501.0mg/l. The results of the chemical analysis in mg/l for trace elements showed that Cd (0.57 – 0.58), Co (3.84 – 3.87), Cr (3.41 – 3.79) and Ni (0.00 – 0.11); Major elements: Ca (1.20 – 6.60); Mg (2.40 – 5.53); K (1.45 - 5.86) while the results of the anions showed that concentrations (mg/l) of Cl ranged from (6.00 – 229.95), HCO3 (0.20 – 2.18), SO4 (0.01 – 1.47) and NO3 (0.09 – 0.35). Further evaluation of the results shows that samples from areas that are densely populated and dominated with lot of commercial activities have high concentrations of chloride, nitrate, Cd and bicarbonate. The results of the analysis were compared with the WHO Standards and it was observed that Cd and chloride were far greater than WHO Standards recommended for safe drinking water.},
year = {2018}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of Groundwater System Characteristics in Ilorin Metropolis, South-Western Nigeria AU - Afolabi Olubukola O. AU - Olutomilola Olabode O. AU - Ishaki Jamil D. Y1 - 2018/01/15 PY - 2018 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11 T2 - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering JF - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering JO - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1875 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180401.11 AB - Geochemical analysis of shallow groundwater from Ilorin metropolis was carried out with the aim of assessing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater. Thirty (30) boreholes were examined and samples were collected from these boreholes. These samples were subjected to chemical analyses to determine both cations and anions compositions of the groundwater. The concentrations of cations (trace elements) were determined using AAS at the Department of Geology while major cations were determined using flame photometry emission at the Centre for Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory University of Ibadan. The compositions of anions in the samples were analyzed using titration method at the National Geo-Hazard Research Laboratory, Ibadan. Some physical parameters such as TDS, pH, EC as well as colour and odour were determined in-situ. The results of the physical parameters show that EC ranged from 44.3 - 1079µs/cm; TDS 10.6 – 501.0mg/l. The results of the chemical analysis in mg/l for trace elements showed that Cd (0.57 – 0.58), Co (3.84 – 3.87), Cr (3.41 – 3.79) and Ni (0.00 – 0.11); Major elements: Ca (1.20 – 6.60); Mg (2.40 – 5.53); K (1.45 - 5.86) while the results of the anions showed that concentrations (mg/l) of Cl ranged from (6.00 – 229.95), HCO3 (0.20 – 2.18), SO4 (0.01 – 1.47) and NO3 (0.09 – 0.35). Further evaluation of the results shows that samples from areas that are densely populated and dominated with lot of commercial activities have high concentrations of chloride, nitrate, Cd and bicarbonate. The results of the analysis were compared with the WHO Standards and it was observed that Cd and chloride were far greater than WHO Standards recommended for safe drinking water. VL - 4 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: