Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker

Received: 30 July 2018 Accepted: 14 September 2018 Published: 17 October 2018

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Abstract

Cyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, marine structures/facilities and ecosystems. Cyclone modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. They are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (hereafter RHDHV) has set up a regional wave model covering the Bay of Bengal and its wider surroundings to address these issues. A list of major cyclones in Bay of Bengal that have affected the Bangladeshi coastline since 1970 was initially identified. The 1991 Cyclone (22-30 April 1991) was found to be the second strongest cyclone affecting the coastal areas of Bangladesh since 1945 (after the Bhola Cyclone on 7-13 November 1970). This paper concentrates on the 1991 Cyclone to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves generated by cyclones. The MIKE21 Spectral Wave Model of DHI was used in the study. Sample results of waves from the modelling study are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. The model could be used to simulate any cyclone originating in the Bay of Bengal and its surroundings. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves in the Bay of Bengal could also be applied to simulate cyclones at other sites around the world.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12
Published in	American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018)
Page(s)	66-74
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Numerical Modelling, Natural Hazards, Cyclones, Extreme Waves, Port Development, Bay of Bengal, 1991 Cyclone

References

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[2]	Ubydul Haque, Masahiro Hashizume, Korine N Kolivras, Hans J Overgaard, Bivash Das, and Taro Yamamotoa (2012). Reduced death rates from cyclones in Bangladesh: what more needs to be done? Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2012 Feb 1; 90(2): 150-156, PMCID: PMC3302549, published online 2011 Oct 24. doi: 10.2471/BLT.11.088302.
[3]	Wikipedia (2018b). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone
[4]	Wikipedia (2018c).1991 Bangladesh Cyclone, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Bangladesh_cyclone.
[5]	Gray, W. M. (1968). Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and storms. Mon. Weather Rev. 96: 669–700.
[6]	IMD (2013). India Meteorological Department (IMD) under the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. Mausam Bhawan, Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110003, India. http://www.imd.gov.in.
[7]	Shore Protection Manual (1984). Shore Protection Manual, Volume I, Figure 3-13, page 3-29, 4th edition, 1984. US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC 20314.
[8]	JTWC (2018). The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), the U.S. Department of Defence Agency, http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC.
[9]	Khan, S. R. (Unknown). Cyclone hazard in Bangladesh, Appendix – Background information on the storm surge modelling, revised by Michiel Damen, ITC. http://www.adpc.net/casita/case_studies/coastal%20hazard%20assessment/modelling%20cyclone%20hazard%20in%20bangladesh/background_ information_on_the_storm_surge_modelling.pdf.
[10]	Hoque, M.M. (1991). Field study and Investigation on the damage caused by cyclones in Bangladesh: a report on the April 1991 cyclone; Cyclone damage in Bangladesh, report on field study and investigations on the damage caused by the cyclone in Bangladesh in 29 - 30 April 1991, United Nations Centre for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan, 1991, pp. 75.
[11]	Hendri, H., Lee, H. S. and Yamashita, T. (2013). Storm surge, wave and inundation simulation in the Bay of Bengal, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2013), Bali, Indonesia, September 24-26, 2013.
[12]	DHI (2016a). MIKE21 Toolbox User Guide, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark, 2016.
[13]	DHI (2016b). MIKE21 Spectral Wave Model User Guide, DK-2970, Hørsholm, Denmark, 2016. C-Map (2014). JEPPESEN Commercial Marine, Hovlandsveien 52, Egersund, Postal Code 4370, Norway, 2014, available online at http://www.jeppesen.com/index.jsp.
[14]	Islam, M. S. (2015). Modelling the effects of cyclonic storm surge and wave action on selected coastal embankments, PhD Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 2015.
[15]	Deb, M., Ferreira, C (Unknown). Storm surge modelling in the Bay of Bengal, Department of Civil, Environmental & Infrastructure Engineering, Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University.
[16]	Sarker, M. A. and Sleigh, A. J. (2015). Cyclone and tsunami hazards in the Arabian Sea – A numerical modelling case study by Royal HaskoningDHV. Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering, Volume 5, Number 5, Sep-Oct 2015, pages 242-254, DOI 10.17265/2159-5879/2015.05.003, USA.
[17]	Sarker, M. A. (2016). Cyclone hazards in the Arabian Sea – A numerical modelling case study of Cyclone Nilofar. Water and Environment Journal of CIWEM, Nov 2016, doi: 10.1111/wej.12214, England.

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APA Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. (2018). Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 4(3), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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ACS Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2018, 4(3), 66-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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AMA Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). Am J Water Sci Eng. 2018;4(3):66-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12,
  author = {Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker},
  title = {Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  abstract = {Cyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, marine structures/facilities and ecosystems. Cyclone modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. They are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (hereafter RHDHV) has set up a regional wave model covering the Bay of Bengal and its wider surroundings to address these issues. A list of major cyclones in Bay of Bengal that have affected the Bangladeshi coastline since 1970 was initially identified. The 1991 Cyclone (22-30 April 1991) was found to be the second strongest cyclone affecting the coastal areas of Bangladesh since 1945 (after the Bhola Cyclone on 7-13 November 1970). This paper concentrates on the 1991 Cyclone to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves generated by cyclones. The MIKE21 Spectral Wave Model of DHI was used in the study. Sample results of waves from the modelling study are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. The model could be used to simulate any cyclone originating in the Bay of Bengal and its surroundings. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves in the Bay of Bengal could also be applied to simulate cyclones at other sites around the world.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)
AU - Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker
Y1 - 2018/10/17
PY - 2018
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12
T2 - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JF - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
JO - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
SP - 66
EP - 74
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-1875
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12
AB - Cyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, marine structures/facilities and ecosystems. Cyclone modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. They are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (hereafter RHDHV) has set up a regional wave model covering the Bay of Bengal and its wider surroundings to address these issues. A list of major cyclones in Bay of Bengal that have affected the Bangladeshi coastline since 1970 was initially identified. The 1991 Cyclone (22-30 April 1991) was found to be the second strongest cyclone affecting the coastal areas of Bangladesh since 1945 (after the Bhola Cyclone on 7-13 November 1970). This paper concentrates on the 1991 Cyclone to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves generated by cyclones. The MIKE21 Spectral Wave Model of DHI was used in the study. Sample results of waves from the modelling study are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. The model could be used to simulate any cyclone originating in the Bay of Bengal and its surroundings. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves in the Bay of Bengal could also be applied to simulate cyclones at other sites around the world.
VL - 4
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker

Water Business Line, Royal Haskoning DHV, Peterborough, United Kingdom

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APA Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. (2018). Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 4(3), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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ACS Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2018, 4(3), 66-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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AMA Style

Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker. Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh). Am J Water Sci Eng. 2018;4(3):66-74. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12,
  author = {Mohammad Akhtaruzzaman Sarker},
  title = {Numerical Modelling of Waves from the 1991 Cyclone in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh)},
  journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {66-74},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20180403.12},
  abstract = {Cyclones cause significant loss of life and damage to properties, marine structures/facilities and ecosystems. Cyclone modelling results are used for deriving robust design conditions for coastal and marine structures and facilities. They are also used for emergency planning and decision-making to estimate potential loss of life, damage to properties and marine facilities and to develop rescue and mitigation measures and plan clean-up operations. Royal HaskoningDHV (hereafter RHDHV) has set up a regional wave model covering the Bay of Bengal and its wider surroundings to address these issues. A list of major cyclones in Bay of Bengal that have affected the Bangladeshi coastline since 1970 was initially identified. The 1991 Cyclone (22-30 April 1991) was found to be the second strongest cyclone affecting the coastal areas of Bangladesh since 1945 (after the Bhola Cyclone on 7-13 November 1970). This paper concentrates on the 1991 Cyclone to illustrate the use of numerical modelling to simulate waves generated by cyclones. The MIKE21 Spectral Wave Model of DHI was used in the study. Sample results of waves from the modelling study are presented in this paper for illustration purposes. The model could be used to simulate any cyclone originating in the Bay of Bengal and its surroundings. The methodology described in this paper for modelling cyclone waves in the Bay of Bengal could also be applied to simulate cyclones at other sites around the world.},
 year = {2018}
}

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