American Journal of Water Science and Engineering

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A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria

Received: 27 July 2020    Accepted: 08 August 2020    Published: 20 August 2020
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Abstract

Remote sensing, geotechnical studies and geophysical data have been applied to determine the causes of the continuous pavement failure of the Minna – Suleja highway in a part of North-Central Nigeria. In this study, remotely sensed data in the form of Landsat 8 OLI and SRTM DEM were processed to extract structural lineaments and drainage pattern of the area. Geotechnical evaluation of soil samples such as grain size analyses, Compaction Test, Atterberg Limits and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) determination were also conducted. Geophysical data acquired were in the form of lateral resistivity profiling data at 500 m intervals and twenty-one Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) spread across the selected sections of the road. Lineament analysis revealed predominant NNE-SSW trending structures. A notable percentage of the Lineaments trend NW- SE. Both sets of lineaments constitute a conjugate fracture system. CBR values in both portions range from 5 – 15% in soaked condition and unsoaked condition at OMC. Plasticity index range from 14 – 30 and 19 – 45 in both portions. Quantitative interpretation of the VES results established the presence of mostly three geologic layers which are: Clayey top soil, sand/lateritic sand and weathered basement. Resistivity values range from 20 Ωm to 300 Ωm for the top soil layer. The depths of this layer were generally less than 3 m. Preponderance of intersections of lineaments along failed portions account for near surface fractures, making these zones weak. This can be linked to low resistivity of the near surface materials and shallowness of the water bearing zones especially on the failed portions on which the road pavement foundation was laid. A distinction could not be made on the results of the geotechnical properties in both the failed and stable portions of the road. Hence, failure factors are not linked to the geotechnical properties of the soils.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11
Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2020)
Page(s) 81-88
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Remote Sensing, Lineaments, Geophysics, Geotechnical Investigation, Pavement Failure

References
[1] Ighodaro, C. A. U. (2009). Transport infrastructure and economic growth in Nigeria. J. Res. National Dev. 7 (2).
[2] Ajayi, L. A. (1987). Thought on road failures in Nigeria. Nigerian Eng. 22 (1), Pp. 10–17.
[3] Momoh, L. O., Akintorinwa, O. and Olorunfemi, M. O., (2008). Geophysical investigation of highway failure – a case study from the basement complex terrain of south-western Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 4 (6), Pp. 637–648.
[4] Oladapo, M. I., Olorunfemi, M. O. and Ojo, J. S., (2008). Geophysical investigation of road failures in the basement complex areas of south-western Nigeria. Res. J. Appl. 3 (2), Pp. 103–112.
[5] Ejepu, J. S., Olasehinde, P. I., Okhimamhe A. A. and Okunlola I. A. (2017). Investigation of Hydrogeological Structures of Paiko Region, North-Central Nigeria Using Integrated Geophysical and Remote Sensing Techniques. Geosciences 7 (4), P. 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7040122.
[6] NIMET SEASONAL RAINFALL PREDICTION (2019). Retrieved from http://nimet-srp.com/2019-Annual-Rainfall-Predictions.html.
[7] Sander, P. (2007). Lineaments in groundwater exploration: A review of applications and limitations. Hydrogeol. J., 15, Pp. 71–74.
[8] Papadaki, S. E.; Mertikas, P. S. and Sarris, A. (2011). Identification of lineaments with possible structural origin using ASTER images and DEM derived products in Western Crete, Greece. EarseL eProc. 10, P. 10.
[9] Masoud, A. and Koike, K. (2006). Tectonic architecture through Landsat-7 ETM+/SRTM DEM-derived lineaments and relationship to the hydrogeologic setting in Siwa region, NW Egypt. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 2006, 45, 467–477.
[10] Kumar, T. J. R.; Dushiyantan, C.; Thiruneelakandan, B.; Suresh, R.; Raja, S. V.; Senthilkumar, M. and Karthikeyan, K. (2016). Evaluation of groundwater potential zones using electrical resistivity response and lineament pattern in Uppodai Sub Basin, Tambaraparani River, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India. J. Geol. Geophys. 5, P. 241.
[11] Greenbaum, D. (1992). Remote Sensing Techniques for Hydrogeological Mapping in Semi-Arid Basement Terrains; Report No. MP/86/2/R; British Geological Survey: Nottingham, UK, 1992.
[12] Bobatchev, A., Modin, I. and Shevnin, V. (2001). IPI2WIN v. 2.0, User’s manual.
[13] Singh, S. B., Veeraiah, B., Dhar, R. L., Prakash, B. A. and Rani, M. T. (2011). “Deep resistivity sounding studies for probing deep fresh aquifers in the coastal area of Orissa, India,” Hydrogeology Journal, vol. 19 (2), pp. 355–366.
[14] Patra, H. P., Adhikari, S. K. and Kunar, S. (2016). Groundwater Prospecting and Management, Springer Hydrogeology.
[15] Zohdy, A. A. R., Eaton, G. P. and Mabey, D. R. (1974). “Application of surface geophysics to ground-water investigations,” in Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, Book 2, chapter 1.
[16] Osinowo, O. Olawale, Akanji, A. Olusoji, and Akinmosin, Adewale (2011). Integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigation of the failed portion of a road in basement complex Terrain, Southwest Nigeria. Mater. Geoenviron. 58 (2), Pp. 143–162.
[17] Ejepu, S. J., Adebowale, T. A, Abdullahi, D. S., Yusuf, A. and Ochimana, K. (2014). Subsurface Structural Mapping for Groundwater Resource Development of a Part of Tudun-Fulani North- Central Nigeria Using Radial Vertical Electrical Sounding Technique. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology. ISSN: 2277-9655. Http://www.ijesrt.com.
[18] Mallo, S. J. and Akuboh, I. N. (2012). Geotechnical investigation of soils: a case study of Gombe town (Sheet 152NW), North Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Modern Eng. Res. (IJMER) 2, 4280–4286.
[19] Nigerian Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (1997). General specification for Roads and Bridges. Federal Highway Department.
Author Information
  • Department of Geology and Mining, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology, School of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology and Mining, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology and Mining, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria

  • Department of Geology and Mining, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria

  • Department of Strategic Space Application, National Space Research and Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria

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    Umar Muhammed Umar, Ejepu Jude Steven, Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawale, Ozoji Tochukwu Malachi, Adamu Lukman Musa, et al. (2020). A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 6(3), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11

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    ACS Style

    Umar Muhammed Umar; Ejepu Jude Steven; Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawale; Ozoji Tochukwu Malachi; Adamu Lukman Musa, et al. A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2020, 6(3), 81-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11

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    AMA Style

    Umar Muhammed Umar, Ejepu Jude Steven, Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawale, Ozoji Tochukwu Malachi, Adamu Lukman Musa, et al. A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2020;6(3):81-88. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11,
      author = {Umar Muhammed Umar and Ejepu Jude Steven and Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawale and Ozoji Tochukwu Malachi and Adamu Lukman Musa and Abdulkadir Sani Ahmad and Umoru Charles Ile},
      title = {A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {81-88},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20200603.11},
      abstract = {Remote sensing, geotechnical studies and geophysical data have been applied to determine the causes of the continuous pavement failure of the Minna – Suleja highway in a part of North-Central Nigeria. In this study, remotely sensed data in the form of Landsat 8 OLI and SRTM DEM were processed to extract structural lineaments and drainage pattern of the area. Geotechnical evaluation of soil samples such as grain size analyses, Compaction Test, Atterberg Limits and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) determination were also conducted. Geophysical data acquired were in the form of lateral resistivity profiling data at 500 m intervals and twenty-one Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) spread across the selected sections of the road. Lineament analysis revealed predominant NNE-SSW trending structures. A notable percentage of the Lineaments trend NW- SE. Both sets of lineaments constitute a conjugate fracture system. CBR values in both portions range from 5 – 15% in soaked condition and unsoaked condition at OMC. Plasticity index range from 14 – 30 and 19 – 45 in both portions. Quantitative interpretation of the VES results established the presence of mostly three geologic layers which are: Clayey top soil, sand/lateritic sand and weathered basement. Resistivity values range from 20 Ωm to 300 Ωm for the top soil layer. The depths of this layer were generally less than 3 m. Preponderance of intersections of lineaments along failed portions account for near surface fractures, making these zones weak. This can be linked to low resistivity of the near surface materials and shallowness of the water bearing zones especially on the failed portions on which the road pavement foundation was laid. A distinction could not be made on the results of the geotechnical properties in both the failed and stable portions of the road. Hence, failure factors are not linked to the geotechnical properties of the soils.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Revealing Causes of Pavement Failures: Case Study of Minna – Suleja Highway, North-Central Nigeria
    AU  - Umar Muhammed Umar
    AU  - Ejepu Jude Steven
    AU  - Aweda Abdulwahid Kolawale
    AU  - Ozoji Tochukwu Malachi
    AU  - Adamu Lukman Musa
    AU  - Abdulkadir Sani Ahmad
    AU  - Umoru Charles Ile
    Y1  - 2020/08/20
    PY  - 2020
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11
    T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    SP  - 81
    EP  - 88
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1875
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20200603.11
    AB  - Remote sensing, geotechnical studies and geophysical data have been applied to determine the causes of the continuous pavement failure of the Minna – Suleja highway in a part of North-Central Nigeria. In this study, remotely sensed data in the form of Landsat 8 OLI and SRTM DEM were processed to extract structural lineaments and drainage pattern of the area. Geotechnical evaluation of soil samples such as grain size analyses, Compaction Test, Atterberg Limits and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) determination were also conducted. Geophysical data acquired were in the form of lateral resistivity profiling data at 500 m intervals and twenty-one Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) spread across the selected sections of the road. Lineament analysis revealed predominant NNE-SSW trending structures. A notable percentage of the Lineaments trend NW- SE. Both sets of lineaments constitute a conjugate fracture system. CBR values in both portions range from 5 – 15% in soaked condition and unsoaked condition at OMC. Plasticity index range from 14 – 30 and 19 – 45 in both portions. Quantitative interpretation of the VES results established the presence of mostly three geologic layers which are: Clayey top soil, sand/lateritic sand and weathered basement. Resistivity values range from 20 Ωm to 300 Ωm for the top soil layer. The depths of this layer were generally less than 3 m. Preponderance of intersections of lineaments along failed portions account for near surface fractures, making these zones weak. This can be linked to low resistivity of the near surface materials and shallowness of the water bearing zones especially on the failed portions on which the road pavement foundation was laid. A distinction could not be made on the results of the geotechnical properties in both the failed and stable portions of the road. Hence, failure factors are not linked to the geotechnical properties of the soils.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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