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An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Received: 7 June 2017    Accepted: 7 July 2017    Published: 14 January 2018
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Abstract

Grapes (Vitis vinifera), besides their medicinal and health importance, plays an important role in livelihood of poor populations living across mighty mountain ranges of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush. Allometric study is necessary to understand quantitative correlations of tree growth. Hundred plant samples (n=100) from ten populations (N=10) were studied at an elevation of 1854 meters asl. Ten (N=10) different population studied revealed that mean leaf length is 10.9 cm (max. 13.4, min. 9.1 cm) followed by mean leaf width 8.4 cm (max. 9.3, min. 7.1 cm). total mean leaf area was 92.2 cm2 (max. 122.6, min. 70.9 cm2). Mean stem length recorded was 26.8 feet (max. 35, min. 16 feet) followed by mean stem width 8.44 cm (max. 12.8, min. 3.1 cm). one thousand seeds were measured and mean seed weight recorded was 0.043 mg (max. 0.047, min. 0.039). similarly mean weight of hundred (n=100) seeds recorded was 4.29 g. research was summarized with the fact that stem length grows 98.97% faster than its width increase. Which means 1 cm with increase corresponds almost 100 cm increase in length. Similarly, leaf length increase is 23% higher to its growth in width. Ignorance towards a rich varietal base is on erosion.

Published in American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15
Page(s) 81-84
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Livelihood, Climate Change, Medicinal, Growth Estimation, Karakoram, Himalaya, Hindukush

References
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[2] Lodhi, M. A., Ye, G. N., Weeden, N. F., & Reisch, B. I. (1994). A simple and efficient method for DNA extraction from grapevine cultivars and Vitis species. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 12(1), 6-13.
[3] Finetto, G. A. (2007, October). The Temperate Fruit Tree Industry in Afghanistan: Economic and Food Security Importance as a Sustainable Alternative Livelihood. In VIII International Symposium on Temperate Zone Fruits in the Tropics and Subtropics 872 (pp. 389-398).
[4] Choudhary, T. 2017. 20 Benefits of Grapes (Angoor) For Skin, Hair, And Health. Retrieved from http://www.stylecraze.com/articles/top-10-health-benefits-of-grapes/#gref on June 6, 2017.
[5] Doshi, P., Adsule, P., & Banerjee, K. (2006). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity in grapevine parts and berries (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Kishmish Chornyi (Sharad Seedless) during maturation. International journal of food science & technology, 41(s1), 1-9.
[6] Negro, C., Tommasi, L., & Miceli, A. (2003). Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from red grape marc extracts. Bioresource Technology, 87(1), 41-44.
[7] Jang, M., Cai, L., Udeani, G. O., Slowing, K. V., Thomas, C. F., Beecher, C. W., & Moon, R. C. (1997). Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes. Science, 275(5297), 218-220.
[8] Bertelli, A. A., & Das, D. K. (2009). Grapes, wines, resveratrol, and heart health. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 54(6), 468-476.
[9] Ware, M. 2016. Grapes: Health Benefits, Facts, Research. In: NEWSLETTER. Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/271156.php on June 6, 2017.
[10] Kim, S. H., & Keen, C. L. (2002). Vitamin and mineral supplement use among children attending elementary schools in Korea: a survey of eating habits and dietary consequences. Nutrition research, 22(4), 433-448.
[11] Hunt, C. D., Johnson, P. E., Herbel, J., & Mullen, L. K. (1992). Effects of dietary zinc depletion on seminal volume and zinc loss, serum testosterone concentrations, and sperm morphology in young men. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 56(1), 148-157.
[12] Yadav, M., Jain, S., Bhardwaj, A., Nagpal, R., Puniya, M., Tomar, R., & Yadav, H. (2009). Biological and medicinal properties of grapes and their bioactive constituents: an update. Journal of medicinal food, 12(3), 473-484.
[13] Onyishi, I. V., Chime, S. A., & Okeke, C. (2013). Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of Vitis vinifera juice extract in rifampicin dispersions. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(24), 1619-1624.
[14] This, P., Lacombe, T., & Thomas, M. R. (2006). Historical origins and genetic diversity of wine grapes. TRENDS in Genetics, 22(9), 511-519.
[15] Grnacarevic, M. (1969). Drying and processing grapes in Afghanistan. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20(3), 198-202.
[16] Krithik, V., Naik, R., Pragal, Y. (2015). Functional properties of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract and possible extraction techniques –agricultural research communication center arcs journals DOL: 10-18805/ag. v36i4.
[17] Urbi. Z, Hossain M. S, Rehman K. M. H (2014) grape: a medicinal fruit species in the holy Quran and its ethno medicinal importance- world applied sciences journal 30(3).
[18] FAO. 2017. Crops. FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC
[19] AIB. 2017. Pakistan: high value early maturing grapes varieties for monsoon rain fall region of Punjab. Agriculture Information Bank. Available at http://agrinfobank.blogspot.com/2012/12/pakistan-high-value-early-maturing.html.
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    Shaheen Kausar, Sidra Asad, Chandni Kiran, Tika Khan. (2018). An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, 3(4), 81-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15

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    ACS Style

    Shaheen Kausar; Sidra Asad; Chandni Kiran; Tika Khan. An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Am. J. Biol. Environ. Stat. 2018, 3(4), 81-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15

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    AMA Style

    Shaheen Kausar, Sidra Asad, Chandni Kiran, Tika Khan. An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Am J Biol Environ Stat. 2018;3(4):81-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15,
      author = {Shaheen Kausar and Sidra Asad and Chandni Kiran and Tika Khan},
      title = {An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan},
      journal = {American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {81-84},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbes.20170304.15},
      abstract = {Grapes (Vitis vinifera), besides their medicinal and health importance, plays an important role in livelihood of poor populations living across mighty mountain ranges of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush. Allometric study is necessary to understand quantitative correlations of tree growth. Hundred plant samples (n=100) from ten populations (N=10) were studied at an elevation of 1854 meters asl. Ten (N=10) different population studied revealed that mean leaf length is 10.9 cm (max. 13.4, min. 9.1 cm) followed by mean leaf width 8.4 cm (max. 9.3, min. 7.1 cm). total mean leaf area was 92.2 cm2 (max. 122.6, min. 70.9 cm2). Mean stem length recorded was 26.8 feet (max. 35, min. 16 feet) followed by mean stem width 8.44 cm (max. 12.8, min. 3.1 cm). one thousand seeds were measured and mean seed weight recorded was 0.043 mg (max. 0.047, min. 0.039). similarly mean weight of hundred (n=100) seeds recorded was 4.29 g. research was summarized with the fact that stem length grows 98.97% faster than its width increase. Which means 1 cm with increase corresponds almost 100 cm increase in length. Similarly, leaf length increase is 23% higher to its growth in width. Ignorance towards a rich varietal base is on erosion.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - An Allometric Growth Estimation of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L) from High Mountainous Region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
    AU  - Shaheen Kausar
    AU  - Sidra Asad
    AU  - Chandni Kiran
    AU  - Tika Khan
    Y1  - 2018/01/14
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15
    T2  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    JF  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    JO  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    SP  - 81
    EP  - 84
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2471-979X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20170304.15
    AB  - Grapes (Vitis vinifera), besides their medicinal and health importance, plays an important role in livelihood of poor populations living across mighty mountain ranges of Himalaya, Karakoram and Hindukush. Allometric study is necessary to understand quantitative correlations of tree growth. Hundred plant samples (n=100) from ten populations (N=10) were studied at an elevation of 1854 meters asl. Ten (N=10) different population studied revealed that mean leaf length is 10.9 cm (max. 13.4, min. 9.1 cm) followed by mean leaf width 8.4 cm (max. 9.3, min. 7.1 cm). total mean leaf area was 92.2 cm2 (max. 122.6, min. 70.9 cm2). Mean stem length recorded was 26.8 feet (max. 35, min. 16 feet) followed by mean stem width 8.44 cm (max. 12.8, min. 3.1 cm). one thousand seeds were measured and mean seed weight recorded was 0.043 mg (max. 0.047, min. 0.039). similarly mean weight of hundred (n=100) seeds recorded was 4.29 g. research was summarized with the fact that stem length grows 98.97% faster than its width increase. Which means 1 cm with increase corresponds almost 100 cm increase in length. Similarly, leaf length increase is 23% higher to its growth in width. Ignorance towards a rich varietal base is on erosion.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biological Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

  • Department of Biological Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

  • Department of Biological Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

  • Department of Biological Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

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