Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo

Soumaoro Idrissa; Pitala Were; Gnandi Kissao; Oke Emmanuel

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo

Soumaoro Idrissa, Pitala Were, Gnandi Kissao, Oke Emmanuel

Published in American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics (Volume 6, Issue 3)

Received: 16 July 2020 Accepted: 13 August 2020 Published: 7 October 2020

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Abstract

This study investigated heavy metals and physicochemical quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at the Maritime region of Togo. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviewing and samples from different drinking water sources (Wells, drillings and tanks) were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as total hardness, pH, nitrate, sulphate and some heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Ni, Pb and Zn using standard methods Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Thermo Electron S series. The results showed that most of poultry farms in Maritime region were located within potential provenances sources of water pollution. These sources comprised agricultural, residential and industrial areas. The analysis indicated that concentrations of the metals were mostly far below the maximum recommended concentration. However, the concentrations of Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in some of the water samples were higher than the international standard values. Also the concentration of nitrate and sulphate in some water samples were higher than the levels recommended by WHO. The water samples were soft and moderately hard. The pH of all analysed samples was within the allowable limit. It was concluded that the contamination of drinking water in the poultry farms of the Maritime region of Togo was moderate except in industrial areas which was considerably high.

Published in	American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
Page(s)	43-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Drinking Water, Heavy Metals, Poultry Farms, Maritime Region of Togo

References

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APA Style

Soumaoro Idrissa, Pitala Were, Gnandi Kissao, Oke Emmanuel. (2020). Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, 6(3), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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ACS Style

Soumaoro Idrissa; Pitala Were; Gnandi Kissao; Oke Emmanuel. Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. Am. J. Biol. Environ. Stat. 2020, 6(3), 43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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AMA Style

Soumaoro Idrissa, Pitala Were, Gnandi Kissao, Oke Emmanuel. Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. Am J Biol Environ Stat. 2020;6(3):43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12,
  author = {Soumaoro Idrissa and Pitala Were and Gnandi Kissao and Oke Emmanuel},
  title = {Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo},
  journal = {American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  abstract = {This study investigated heavy metals and physicochemical quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at the Maritime region of Togo. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviewing and samples from different drinking water sources (Wells, drillings and tanks) were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as total hardness, pH, nitrate, sulphate and some heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Ni, Pb and Zn using standard methods Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Thermo Electron S series. The results showed that most of poultry farms in Maritime region were located within potential provenances sources of water pollution. These sources comprised agricultural, residential and industrial areas. The analysis indicated that concentrations of the metals were mostly far below the maximum recommended concentration. However, the concentrations of Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in some of the water samples were higher than the international standard values. Also the concentration of nitrate and sulphate in some water samples were higher than the levels recommended by WHO. The water samples were soft and moderately hard. The pH of all analysed samples was within the allowable limit. It was concluded that the contamination of drinking water in the poultry farms of the Maritime region of Togo was moderate except in industrial areas which was considerably high.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo
AU  - Soumaoro Idrissa
AU  - Pitala Were
AU  - Gnandi Kissao
AU  - Oke Emmanuel
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
T2  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-979X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
AB  - This study investigated heavy metals and physicochemical quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at the Maritime region of Togo. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviewing and samples from different drinking water sources (Wells, drillings and tanks) were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as total hardness, pH, nitrate, sulphate and some heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Ni, Pb and Zn using standard methods Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Thermo Electron S series. The results showed that most of poultry farms in Maritime region were located within potential provenances sources of water pollution. These sources comprised agricultural, residential and industrial areas. The analysis indicated that concentrations of the metals were mostly far below the maximum recommended concentration. However, the concentrations of Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in some of the water samples were higher than the international standard values. Also the concentration of nitrate and sulphate in some water samples were higher than the levels recommended by WHO. The water samples were soft and moderately hard. The pH of all analysed samples was within the allowable limit. It was concluded that the contamination of drinking water in the poultry farms of the Maritime region of Togo was moderate except in industrial areas which was considerably high.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Soumaoro Idrissa

Regional Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
Pitala Were

Regional Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
Gnandi Kissao

Department of Geology, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
Oke Emmanuel

Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria

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APA Style

Soumaoro Idrissa, Pitala Were, Gnandi Kissao, Oke Emmanuel. (2020). Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, 6(3), 43-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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ACS Style

Soumaoro Idrissa; Pitala Were; Gnandi Kissao; Oke Emmanuel. Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. Am. J. Biol. Environ. Stat. 2020, 6(3), 43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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AMA Style

Soumaoro Idrissa, Pitala Were, Gnandi Kissao, Oke Emmanuel. Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo. Am J Biol Environ Stat. 2020;6(3):43-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12,
  author = {Soumaoro Idrissa and Pitala Were and Gnandi Kissao and Oke Emmanuel},
  title = {Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo},
  journal = {American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics},
  volume = {6},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbes.20200603.12},
  abstract = {This study investigated heavy metals and physicochemical quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at the Maritime region of Togo. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviewing and samples from different drinking water sources (Wells, drillings and tanks) were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as total hardness, pH, nitrate, sulphate and some heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Ni, Pb and Zn using standard methods Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Thermo Electron S series. The results showed that most of poultry farms in Maritime region were located within potential provenances sources of water pollution. These sources comprised agricultural, residential and industrial areas. The analysis indicated that concentrations of the metals were mostly far below the maximum recommended concentration. However, the concentrations of Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in some of the water samples were higher than the international standard values. Also the concentration of nitrate and sulphate in some water samples were higher than the levels recommended by WHO. The water samples were soft and moderately hard. The pH of all analysed samples was within the allowable limit. It was concluded that the contamination of drinking water in the poultry farms of the Maritime region of Togo was moderate except in industrial areas which was considerably high.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Physicochemical Quality and Heavy Metals Contamination of Drinking Water Used in Poultry Farms at Maritime Region of Togo
AU  - Soumaoro Idrissa
AU  - Pitala Were
AU  - Gnandi Kissao
AU  - Oke Emmanuel
Y1  - 2020/10/07
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
T2  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
JF  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
JO  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-979X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20200603.12
AB  - This study investigated heavy metals and physicochemical quality of drinking water used in poultry farms at the Maritime region of Togo. Information was gathered by face-to-face interviewing and samples from different drinking water sources (Wells, drillings and tanks) were collected and analysed for physicochemical parameters such as total hardness, pH, nitrate, sulphate and some heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, As, Ni, Pb and Zn using standard methods Atomic Absorption Spectrometer Thermo Electron S series. The results showed that most of poultry farms in Maritime region were located within potential provenances sources of water pollution. These sources comprised agricultural, residential and industrial areas. The analysis indicated that concentrations of the metals were mostly far below the maximum recommended concentration. However, the concentrations of Iron, Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in some of the water samples were higher than the international standard values. Also the concentration of nitrate and sulphate in some water samples were higher than the levels recommended by WHO. The water samples were soft and moderately hard. The pH of all analysed samples was within the allowable limit. It was concluded that the contamination of drinking water in the poultry farms of the Maritime region of Togo was moderate except in industrial areas which was considerably high.
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
ER  -

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