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Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study

Received: 16 November 2015    Accepted: 9 December 2015    Published: 25 December 2015
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Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral Palsy describes “group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain”. Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy learn strategies [4] and techniques leading to learnt non-use of the affected hand. Purpose of Study: Out of total population of children with cerebral palsy, about 18% children [1] are diagnosed cases of hemiplegic cerebral palsy as per the statistical data available in the Indian Journal of Paediatrics. G. Cioni [15] in his study have shown that upper extremity involvement is more severe and the residual effects are prolonged. Hence, easy and suitable treatment technique is necessary that will help the patients in better recovery and early functional use of hand. Aim of study: To study the effect of mirror therapy on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: A 5year old female patient diagnosed as hemiplegic cerebral palsy was assessed for the QUEST [Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test] and Box and Block test. Mirror therapy was taken for 30 minutes per day for 6 days a week for 3 weeks. Activities performed by the right hand included-Grasps of cylindrical, spherical and hook pattern, Gripping activities with theraputty of green colour, Arrangement of peg board, Peg link activities, Transfer of objects. Conclusion: the pre-treatment and post treatment scores showed significant changes suggesting that mirror therapy has an effect incorporating use of affected hand for daily activities.

Published in International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12
Page(s) 5-9
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cerebral Palsy, Mirror Therapy, Hemiplegia, Quest Scale

References
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[2] Hoare BJ, Wasiak J, Imms C, Carey L; Constraint-induced movement therapy in the treatment of the upper limb in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Review); The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 2.
[3] Rosen MG, Dickinson JC; The incidence of cerebral palsy; Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 417-423.
[4] M Zampini, V Moro, S M Aglioti; Illusory movements of the contralesional hand in patients with body image disorders; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75: 1626–1628.
[5] Kuhtz-Buschbeck JP. Krumlinde-Sundholm L. Eliasson A-C. Forssberg H.; Quantitative assessment of mirror movements in children and adolescents with hemiplegic cerebral palsy; Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2000; 42: 728–36.
[6] Ramachandran, V. S. and Rogers-Ramachandran, D; Synaesthesia in phantom limbs induced with mirrors; Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1996; (2)63: 377–386.
[7] Furukawa K, Suzuki H, Fukuda J; Motion of the drawing hand induces a progressive increase in muscle activity of the non dominant hand in Ramachandran's mirror-box therapy. J Rehabil Med. 2012 Nov 5; 44(11): 939-43.
[8] Marian E. Michielsen, MSc, Ruud W. Selles, PhD, Jos N. van der Geest, PhD, Martine Eckhardt, MSc, Gunes Yavuzer, PhD, Henk J. Stam, PhD, Marion Smits, PhD, Gerard M. Ribbers, PhD, Johannes B. J. Bussmann, PhD; Motor Recovery and Cortical Reorganization After Mirror Therapy in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.
[9] M. I. Garry A. Loftus J. J; Summers Mirror, mirror on the wall: viewing a mirror reflection of unilateral hand movements facilitates ipsilateral M1 excitability Exp Brain Res (2005) 163: 118–122.
[10] Altschuler EL, Wisdom SB, Stone L, Foster C, Galasko D, Lle - wellyn DME, Ramachandran VS (1999); Rehabilitation of hemiparesis after stroke with a mirror. Lancet 353: 2035–2036.
[11] Boyd RN. Morris M. Graham HK. Management of upper limb dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review; European Journal of Neurology 2001; 8 (suppl. 5): 150–66.
[12] Hoare BJ. Imms C. Upper limb injections of botulinum toxin-A in children with cerebral palsy: A critical review of the literature and clinical implications for occupational therapists. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy 2004; 58(4): 389–97.
[13] Wasiak J. Hoare BJ. Wallen, M. Botulinum toxin A as an adjunct to treatment in the management of the upper limb in children with spastic cerebal palsy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, (Issue 4).
[14] G. Cioni, B. Sales, P. B. Paolicelli, E. Petacch, M. F. Scusa, R. Canapicchi; MRI and Clinical Characteristics of Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy.
[15] Carol DeMatteo, Mary Law, Dianne Russell, Nancy Pollock, Peter Rosenbaum, and Stephen Walter; The Reliability and Validity of the Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test; 1993, Vol. 13, No. 2, Pages 1-18.
[16] Thomas Platz; Cosima Pinkowski; Frederike van Wijck; In-Ha Kim; Paolo di Bella; Garth Johnson; Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study.
[17] Gygax Marine Jequir; Schneider Patrick; Newman Christopher John; Mirror therapy in children with hemiplegia: a pilot study; Developmental medicine and child neurology; 2011.
[18] Carr L. J.; Harrison L. M.; Evans A. L; Stephens J. A; Patterns of central motor reorganization in hemiplegic cerebral palsy; doi: 10.1093/brain/116.5. 1223-1247. 1993.
[19] Fukumura K; Sugawara K.; Tanabe S; Ushiba J; Tomita Y; Influence of mirror therapy on Human Motor Cortex; 2007, Vol. 117, No. 7, Pages 1039-1048 (doi: 10.1080/00207450600936841).
[20] De Matteo C.; Law M.; Russel D.; Pallock N.; Rosenbaum P.; Walter S.; QUEST-quality of upper extremity skills test; CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada. Viewed on October 11 2014 at www.canchild.ca/en/measure/quest.asp.
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  • APA Style

    Shahanawaz S. D., Sayali M. Joshi. (2015). Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study. International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 1(1), 5-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12

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    ACS Style

    Shahanawaz S. D.; Sayali M. Joshi. Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study. Int. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 2015, 1(1), 5-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12

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    AMA Style

    Shahanawaz S. D., Sayali M. Joshi. Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study. Int J Neurol Phys Ther. 2015;1(1):5-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12,
      author = {Shahanawaz S. D. and Sayali M. Joshi},
      title = {Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study},
      journal = {International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {5-9},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnpt.20150101.12},
      abstract = {Introduction: Cerebral Palsy describes “group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain”. Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy learn strategies [4] and techniques leading to learnt non-use of the affected hand. Purpose of Study: Out of total population of children with cerebral palsy, about 18% children [1] are diagnosed cases of hemiplegic cerebral palsy as per the statistical data available in the Indian Journal of Paediatrics. G. Cioni [15] in his study have shown that upper extremity involvement is more severe and the residual effects are prolonged. Hence, easy and suitable treatment technique is necessary that will help the patients in better recovery and early functional use of hand. Aim of study: To study the effect of mirror therapy on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: A 5year old female patient diagnosed as hemiplegic cerebral palsy was assessed for the QUEST [Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test] and Box and Block test. Mirror therapy was taken for 30 minutes per day for 6 days a week for 3 weeks. Activities performed by the right hand included-Grasps of cylindrical, spherical and hook pattern, Gripping activities with theraputty of green colour, Arrangement of peg board, Peg link activities, Transfer of objects. Conclusion: the pre-treatment and post treatment scores showed significant changes suggesting that mirror therapy has an effect incorporating use of affected hand for daily activities.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Mirror Therapy on Hand Functions in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Study
    AU  - Shahanawaz S. D.
    AU  - Sayali M. Joshi
    Y1  - 2015/12/25
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12
    T2  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
    JF  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
    JO  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1778
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20150101.12
    AB  - Introduction: Cerebral Palsy describes “group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain”. Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy learn strategies [4] and techniques leading to learnt non-use of the affected hand. Purpose of Study: Out of total population of children with cerebral palsy, about 18% children [1] are diagnosed cases of hemiplegic cerebral palsy as per the statistical data available in the Indian Journal of Paediatrics. G. Cioni [15] in his study have shown that upper extremity involvement is more severe and the residual effects are prolonged. Hence, easy and suitable treatment technique is necessary that will help the patients in better recovery and early functional use of hand. Aim of study: To study the effect of mirror therapy on hand functions in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Methodology: A 5year old female patient diagnosed as hemiplegic cerebral palsy was assessed for the QUEST [Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test] and Box and Block test. Mirror therapy was taken for 30 minutes per day for 6 days a week for 3 weeks. Activities performed by the right hand included-Grasps of cylindrical, spherical and hook pattern, Gripping activities with theraputty of green colour, Arrangement of peg board, Peg link activities, Transfer of objects. Conclusion: the pre-treatment and post treatment scores showed significant changes suggesting that mirror therapy has an effect incorporating use of affected hand for daily activities.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India

  • D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India

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