American Journal of Applied Scientific Research

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Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons

Received: 29 August 2019    Accepted: 19 September 2019    Published: 14 October 2019
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Abstract

On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2019)
Page(s) 47-55
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thermal Electron Emission, Field Emission, Negative Ions, Work Function, Electron Affinity Energy, Surface

References
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[3] Gretchikhin L. Negative ions in space exploration. / VIII World congress “Aviation in the 21st century”–“Safety in Aviation and Space Technology” 10-12 october 2018 of the year. Kiev. NАU P. 2.3.29-.3.37.
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[7] Gretchikhin L. I. Physics of Nanoparticles and Nanotechnologies. General bases, mechanical, thermal and emission properties. - Minsk: UP "Technoprint". 2003. 399 p.
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[10] Makogonyuk G. D., Aidarov V. M., Sedov A. D. Nanostructure of the surface of crystals obtained from solutions subjected to various physical effects / Ulyanovsk Technology Transfer Center: Collection of project summaries of the Youth Innovation Forum of the Volga Federal District (Ulyanovsk State Technical University, May 12-14, 2009).-Ulyanovsk: Ulyanovsk State Technical University, 2009. P. 183.
[11] Gretchikhin L. I. Physics. Electricity and magnetism. Modern electrodynamics. Minsk: FLLC "Law and Economics". 2008. 302 p.
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[13] Physical quantities. Handbook./A. P. Babichev, N. F. Babushkina, A. M. Bratkovsky, etc.; Edited by I. S. Grigorieva, E. Z. Meylikhova.-M.: Energoatomizdat, 1991,-1232 p.
[14] Gretchikhin L. I., Latushkina S. D., Komarovskaya V. M., Shmermbekk Yu. Formation of densely packed and cluster lattice structure of indium on the surface of silicon./Magazine "Strengthening Technologies and Coatings" № 6, 2015. P. 3-12
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  • Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Belarusian State Academy of Communications, Minsk, Belarus

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    Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. (2019). Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 5(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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    Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2019, 5(3), 47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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    AMA Style

    Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2019;5(3):47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11,
      author = {Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin},
      title = {Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {47-55},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20190503.11},
      abstract = {On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons
    AU  - Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin
    Y1  - 2019/10/14
    PY  - 2019
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
    SP  - 47
    EP  - 55
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2471-9730
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
    AB  - On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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