International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

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Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken

Received: 31 October 2016    Accepted: 02 December 2016    Published: 10 January 2017
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Abstract

Ingredients used in monogastric diet contain certain quantity of anti-nutritional factors, such as high fiber content in PKC, and complex carbohydrate in corn and soybean meal which cannot be degraded easily by poultry. Exogenous enzyme can be used to supplement enzymes available in the digestive tract of the birds to a certain level that is effective, or to provide hydrolytic capacity that is totally absent. The objective of this study was to study the effects of feeding Palm kernel cake with crude enzymes on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Four days solid state fermentation was conducted using Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus DSMZ 10248 as cellulolytic bacteria and palm kernel cake PKC as substrate, at different moisture ratio to produce enzymes. The enzymes produce were administered at different inclusion level into a broiler diet. A total of 252 male broilers were raised in a battery cage from day old to 42 days; 6 birds/cage. The birds were divided into 7 groups all the diet contains 15% PKC+corn and soybean meal. The dietary treatment consisted of: (i) Diet without enzyme (ii) Diet+0.1% commercial enzyme (iii) Diet+0.2% crude enzyme (iv) Diet+0.4% crude enzyme (v) Diet+0.6% crude enzyme (vi) Diet+0.8% crude enzyme (vii) Diet+1% crude enzyme. The result showed that higher body weight and feed intake were observed in group fed diet+1% crude enzyme, while lower body weight and feed intake were recorded in the control group. The findings of this research had showed that crude enzyme utilization on broiler diet improved growth performance of broiler chicken with little effects on meat quality, specifically pH, texture and color.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15
Published in International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2017)
Page(s) 22-28
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cellulolytic Bacteria, Crude Enzyme, Poultry Growth Performance, Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), Solid State Fermentation (SSF)

References
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[2] M. I. Alshelmani, T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, A. Q. Sazali, “Effects of feeding femented palm kernel cake on performance of broiler chicken,” Proceeding WPSA (Malaysia Branch) WVPA (Malaysia Bra nch) Sci. Conf. 2013, 2013.
[3] Sekoni, A., Omage, J., & Bawa, G. (2008). Evaluation of Enzyme (Maxigrainо) Treatment of Graded Levels of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) on Nutrient Retention. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 7 (4), 614–619.
[4] M. I. Alshelmani, T. C. Loh, H. L. Foo, W. H. Lau, and A. Q. Sazili, “Biodegradation of palm kernel cake by cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures through solid state fermentation.,” ScientificWorldJournal., vol. 2014, p. 729852, Jan. 2014.
[5] Aya, V. E., Ayanwale, B. A., Ijaiya, A. T., and Aremu, A. (2013). Performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chicks as influenced by multi-enzyme addition to starter diets containing palm kernel meal. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29 (1), 93–104.
[6] M. Nadeem, M. Anjum, A. Khan, and A. Azim, “Effect of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes on growth performance of broiler chicks,” Pak. Vet. J., vol. 25, no. 4, 2005.
[7] Wang, Z. R., Qiao, S. Y., Lu, W. Q., & Li, D. F. (2005). Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology, and volatile fatty acid profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets. Poultry Science, 84 (6), 875–881.
[8] A. Rahman, T. Pasha, M. Younus, Y. Abbas, and Y. Ditta, “Effect of Multi-Enzymes Supplementation on Growth Performance of Broiler.,” Pak. J. Zool., vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 417–422, 2014.
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[12] N. J. Okeudo, I. L. Onyike, C. V. Okoli, and I. L. Chielo, “Production Performance, Meat Quality and Feed Cost Implications of Utilizing High Levels of Palm Kernel Cake in Broiler Finisher Diets,” Int. J. Poult. Sci., vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 1160–1163, Dec. 2006.
[13] E. A. Iyayi, O. O. and R. I. (2005). Effect of Three Sources of Fibre and Period of Feeding on the Performance, Carcase Measures, Organs Relative Weight and Meat Quality in Broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (9), 695–700.
[14] Alimon, A. R. (2005). The nutritive value of palm kernel cake for animal feed. In Palm Oil Developments, vol. 40 (Vol. 40, pp. 12–14).
[15] Ezieshi, E., and Olomu, J. (2007). Nutritional evaluation of palm kernel meal types: 1. Proximate composition and metabolizable energy values. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6 (21), 2484–2486.
[16] D. L. Fletcher, M. Qiao, and D. P. Smith, “The relationship of raw broiler breast meat color and pH to cooked meat color and pH.,” Poult. Sci., vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 784–8, May 2000.
[17] Ao, X., Zhou, T., Meng, Q., Lee, J., & Jang, H. (2011). Effects of a carbohydrase cocktail supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and meat quality in finishing pigs fed palm kernel. Livestock Science, 137, 238–243.
[18] H. Borba, R. A. Souza, J. L. M. Mello, A. B. B. Rodrigues, H. Cunali, and T. T. Diniz, “Color, pH and water activity evaluation of poultry meat from different creations poultry meat,” Poult. Sci., no. August, pp. 3–4, 2013.
[19] Iyayi, E., and Davies, B. (2005). Effect of enzyme supplementation of palm kernel meal and brewer’s dried grain on the performance of broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4 (2), 76–80.
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[24] Chong, C. H., Zulkifli, I., & Blair, R. (2008). Effects of dietary inclusion of palm kernel cake and palm oil, and enzyme supplementation on performance of laying hens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 21 (7), 1053–1058.
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Author Information
  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Agricultural Education, School of Vocational Education, Umar Suleiman College of Education Gashua, Gashua, Nigeria

  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

  • Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia

  • Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sebha, Sebha, Libya

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    Hassan Usman Zamani, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Samsudin A. A., Alshelmani M. I. (2017). Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15

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    ACS Style

    Hassan Usman Zamani; Teck Chwen Loh; Hooi Ling Foo; Samsudin A. A.; Alshelmani M. I. Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(1), 22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15

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    AMA Style

    Hassan Usman Zamani, Teck Chwen Loh, Hooi Ling Foo, Samsudin A. A., Alshelmani M. I. Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;2(1):22-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15,
      author = {Hassan Usman Zamani and Teck Chwen Loh and Hooi Ling Foo and Samsudin A. A. and Alshelmani M. I.},
      title = {Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken},
      journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {22-28},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20170201.15},
      abstract = {Ingredients used in monogastric diet contain certain quantity of anti-nutritional factors, such as high fiber content in PKC, and complex carbohydrate in corn and soybean meal which cannot be degraded easily by poultry. Exogenous enzyme can be used to supplement enzymes available in the digestive tract of the birds to a certain level that is effective, or to provide hydrolytic capacity that is totally absent. The objective of this study was to study the effects of feeding Palm kernel cake with crude enzymes on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Four days solid state fermentation was conducted using Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus DSMZ 10248 as cellulolytic bacteria and palm kernel cake PKC as substrate, at different moisture ratio to produce enzymes. The enzymes produce were administered at different inclusion level into a broiler diet. A total of 252 male broilers were raised in a battery cage from day old to 42 days; 6 birds/cage. The birds were divided into 7 groups all the diet contains 15% PKC+corn and soybean meal. The dietary treatment consisted of: (i) Diet without enzyme (ii) Diet+0.1% commercial enzyme (iii) Diet+0.2% crude enzyme (iv) Diet+0.4% crude enzyme (v) Diet+0.6% crude enzyme (vi) Diet+0.8% crude enzyme (vii) Diet+1% crude enzyme. The result showed that higher body weight and feed intake were observed in group fed diet+1% crude enzyme, while lower body weight and feed intake were recorded in the control group. The findings of this research had showed that crude enzyme utilization on broiler diet improved growth performance of broiler chicken with little effects on meat quality, specifically pH, texture and color.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effects of Feeding Palm Kernel Cake with Crude Enzyme Supplementation on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken
    AU  - Hassan Usman Zamani
    AU  - Teck Chwen Loh
    AU  - Hooi Ling Foo
    AU  - Samsudin A. A.
    AU  - Alshelmani M. I.
    Y1  - 2017/01/10
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15
    T2  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    JF  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    JO  - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    SP  - 22
    EP  - 28
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9686
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20170201.15
    AB  - Ingredients used in monogastric diet contain certain quantity of anti-nutritional factors, such as high fiber content in PKC, and complex carbohydrate in corn and soybean meal which cannot be degraded easily by poultry. Exogenous enzyme can be used to supplement enzymes available in the digestive tract of the birds to a certain level that is effective, or to provide hydrolytic capacity that is totally absent. The objective of this study was to study the effects of feeding Palm kernel cake with crude enzymes on growth performance and meat quality of broiler chicken. Four days solid state fermentation was conducted using Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus DSMZ 10248 as cellulolytic bacteria and palm kernel cake PKC as substrate, at different moisture ratio to produce enzymes. The enzymes produce were administered at different inclusion level into a broiler diet. A total of 252 male broilers were raised in a battery cage from day old to 42 days; 6 birds/cage. The birds were divided into 7 groups all the diet contains 15% PKC+corn and soybean meal. The dietary treatment consisted of: (i) Diet without enzyme (ii) Diet+0.1% commercial enzyme (iii) Diet+0.2% crude enzyme (iv) Diet+0.4% crude enzyme (v) Diet+0.6% crude enzyme (vi) Diet+0.8% crude enzyme (vii) Diet+1% crude enzyme. The result showed that higher body weight and feed intake were observed in group fed diet+1% crude enzyme, while lower body weight and feed intake were recorded in the control group. The findings of this research had showed that crude enzyme utilization on broiler diet improved growth performance of broiler chicken with little effects on meat quality, specifically pH, texture and color.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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