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Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study

Received: 8 February 2017    Accepted: 21 February 2017    Published: 10 March 2017
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Abstract

Learning a second language bears traces of the first language at different levels and with differing degrees. The number of studies devoted to the morpho-syntactic and lexical outcomes of transfer seems to outnumber those investigating phonological ones. This paper tries to investigate variation in Algerian Arabic speakers’ performance of English as a second language with an emphasis on the phonological level. It further studies the production of English phonemes /t/ and /d/ by these learners. There are differences in the realisation of /t/ and /d/ in Arabic and English phonological paradigms. While they are realized as dentals in the former, they are produced as alveolars in the latter. The observation and investigation of the data under light for the present study reveal that, as learners of English, our informants display variation in the realization of /t/ and /d/ while using English in formal settings. These informants realize them as dentals in some English words and alveolars in some others. Our study is a trial to understand the reasons behind such variation. There seems to be some interference mechanism that does not operate at all phonological contexts. We further hypothesized that in addition to interference there are mechanisms of convergence between the phonotactics of the two languages operating in contact situation involving Algerian Arabic and English. The results of this investigation also reveal that the above mentioned hypotheses seem to be more plausible than the one related to informants’ English proficiency as a reason behind variation in the production of/t/ /d/and other English phonemes.

Published in International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 5, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Arabic Sociolinguistics

DOI 10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11
Page(s) 1-5
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Phonology, Interference, Transfer, Interlanguage, Language Contact, Phonotactics

References
[1] Campbell, L. (2003). The history of linguistics. In M. Aronoff& J. Rees-Miller (Eds.). The handbook of linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
[2] Bassiouney, R. (2009). Arabic Sociolinguistics. Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press.
[3] Matras, Y. (2009). Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[4] Ortega, L. (2013). Understanding second language acquisition. New York: Routledge.
[5] Crystal, D. (2003). English as a global language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[6] Barkhuizen, G. (2003). Social Influences on Language Learning. In M. Aronoff & J. Rees-Miller (Eds.). The handbook of linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
[7] Dawood, J. (1990). Interference patterns in the spoken English of the Iraqis with particular reference to students specialising in english. PhD dissertation, University of London, UK.
[8] Alam, M. (1993). The use of Arabic in composing process of Kuwait university students writing in English. PhD dissertation, Indiana University, PA, USA.
[9] Hamdan, J. (1994). Language transfer and acquisition of the english dative alternation by native speakers of arabic. PhD dissertation, University of Reading, UK.
[10] Abu Guba, M. (2016). Phonological Adaptation of English Loanwords in Ammani Arabic. Phd dissertation, Salford University: UK.
[11] Muysken, P. (2004). Two Linguistic Systems in Contact: Grammar, Phonology and Lexicon. In T. Bhatia and W. Ritchie. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[12] Muysken, P. (2004). Two Linguistic Systems in Contact: Grammar, Phonology and Lexicon. In T. Bhatia and W. Ritchie. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[13] Bouhadiba, F. (1988). Aspects of Algerian Arabic verb phonology and morphology. PhD dissertation, University of Reading: UK.
[14] Beeston, A. (1970). The Arabic Language Today. New York: Routledge.
[15] Roach, P. (2009). English phonetics and phonology a practical course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[16] Bromley, D. (1990). Academic contributions to psychological counselling: I. A philosophy of science for the study of individual cases. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 3,302.
[17] Edwards, J. (2004). Foundations of Bilingualism. In T. Bhatia and W. Ritchie. The handbook of bilingualism. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
[18] Ortega, L. (2013). Understanding second language acquisition. New York: Rutledge.
[19] Scovel, T. (1988) A time to speak: a psycholinguistic inquiry into the critical period for human speech. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
[20] Oostendorp, M, et al. (2011). The Blackwell companion to phonology. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
[21] Flege, J. E. (1999) Age of learning and second-language speech. In D. P. Birdsong (ed.), Second language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis (p. 125). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
[22] Bullock, E. & Toribio, A. (2009). The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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  • APA Style

    Guessas Abibaker Seddik, Benhattab Abdelkader Lotfi. (2017). Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 5(3-1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11

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    ACS Style

    Guessas Abibaker Seddik; Benhattab Abdelkader Lotfi. Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2017, 5(3-1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11

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    AMA Style

    Guessas Abibaker Seddik, Benhattab Abdelkader Lotfi. Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study. Int J Lang Linguist. 2017;5(3-1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11,
      author = {Guessas Abibaker Seddik and Benhattab Abdelkader Lotfi},
      title = {Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study},
      journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.s.2017050301.11},
      abstract = {Learning a second language bears traces of the first language at different levels and with differing degrees. The number of studies devoted to the morpho-syntactic and lexical outcomes of transfer seems to outnumber those investigating phonological ones. This paper tries to investigate variation in Algerian Arabic speakers’ performance of English as a second language with an emphasis on the phonological level. It further studies the production of English phonemes /t/ and /d/ by these learners. There are differences in the realisation of /t/ and /d/ in Arabic and English phonological paradigms. While they are realized as dentals in the former, they are produced as alveolars in the latter. The observation and investigation of the data under light for the present study reveal that, as learners of English, our informants display variation in the realization of /t/ and /d/ while using English in formal settings. These informants realize them as dentals in some English words and alveolars in some others. Our study is a trial to understand the reasons behind such variation. There seems to be some interference mechanism that does not operate at all phonological contexts. We further hypothesized that in addition to interference there are mechanisms of convergence between the phonotactics of the two languages operating in contact situation involving Algerian Arabic and English. The results of this investigation also reveal that the above mentioned hypotheses seem to be more plausible than the one related to informants’ English proficiency as a reason behind variation in the production of/t/ /d/and other English phonemes.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Arabic and English Phonotactic Convergence: A Case Study
    AU  - Guessas Abibaker Seddik
    AU  - Benhattab Abdelkader Lotfi
    Y1  - 2017/03/10
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.s.2017050301.11
    AB  - Learning a second language bears traces of the first language at different levels and with differing degrees. The number of studies devoted to the morpho-syntactic and lexical outcomes of transfer seems to outnumber those investigating phonological ones. This paper tries to investigate variation in Algerian Arabic speakers’ performance of English as a second language with an emphasis on the phonological level. It further studies the production of English phonemes /t/ and /d/ by these learners. There are differences in the realisation of /t/ and /d/ in Arabic and English phonological paradigms. While they are realized as dentals in the former, they are produced as alveolars in the latter. The observation and investigation of the data under light for the present study reveal that, as learners of English, our informants display variation in the realization of /t/ and /d/ while using English in formal settings. These informants realize them as dentals in some English words and alveolars in some others. Our study is a trial to understand the reasons behind such variation. There seems to be some interference mechanism that does not operate at all phonological contexts. We further hypothesized that in addition to interference there are mechanisms of convergence between the phonotactics of the two languages operating in contact situation involving Algerian Arabic and English. The results of this investigation also reveal that the above mentioned hypotheses seem to be more plausible than the one related to informants’ English proficiency as a reason behind variation in the production of/t/ /d/and other English phonemes.
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Author Information
  • English Department, Oran University 02 Ahmed Benahmed, Algeria

  • English Department, Oran University 02 Ahmed Benahmed, Algeria

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