<i>Lonchocarpus eriocalyx</i> (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael

doi:doi:10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael

Published in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 24 January 2019 Accepted: 16 October 2019 Published: 19 February 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.

Published in	Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
Page(s)	17-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lonchocarpus eriocalyx, Fabaceae, Leaves, Terpenoids, Analgesic Activity

References

[1]	Shashank M., Ajay K. J., Manoj James, C. M., Debjit B. (2013) Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kalanchoe Pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 1: (2) 24-28.
[2]	Kulkarni S. K. (2003). Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology P. 125-127.
[3]	Adair, R. S. S (2001). Biological Activity of Plant Extracts: Novel Analgesic Drugs. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs November 6: (2).
[4]	Smet P. (1997). The role of plant derived drugs and herbal medicines in healthcare. Drug 54: (6): 801-840.
[5]	Cragg G., Newman D. J., Snader, K. M. (1997) Natural Products in Drug Discovery and Development. Journal of Natural Products 60: (1): 52-60.
[6]	Verpoorte R. (1998) Exploration of Nature´s Chemodiversity: The Role of Secondary Metabolites as Leads in Drug Development. Drug Discovery Today 3: (5): 232-238.
[7]	Strohl W. (2000). The role of Natural Products in a Modern Drug Discovery program. Drug Discovery Today 5: (2): 39-41.
[8]	Ceres, M., Gottlieb, R., Giovanno, B., Marini, B., France, D., Roger, P. (1981). Seven flavonoids froms some Irarian angiosperms. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 9: (2) 129-147.
[9]	Tuwei, J. (2006). Larvicidal and antiplasmodial compounds from Derris trifoliata, Lonchocarpus eriocalyx and Erythrina sacleuxii, M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi.
[10]	Yenesew, A., Derese, S., Midiwo, J. O., Irungu, B., Waters, N. C., Liyala, P., Akala, H., Heydenreich, M., Peter M. G. (2003a). Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids with Antiplasmodial Activities from the Root Bark of Erythrina abyssinica. Planta Medica 69: 658-661.
[11]	Fotie, J., Bohle, D. S., Leimanis, M. L., Georges, E., Rukungu, C., Nkengfack, A. E., (2006). Lupeol, long-chain fatty esters with antimalarial activity from Holarrhena floribunda. Journal of Natural Products 69: 62-67.
[12]	Lutta, K. P., Bii, C., Akenga, A. T., Cornelius, W. W., (2008). Antimicrobial marine natural products from the sponge Axinella infundibuliformis. Records of Natural Products 2: 116-127.
[13]	Abdullahi, S. M, Musa, A. M., Abdullahi, M. I., Sule, M. I. and Sani, Y. M., (2013). Isolation of Lupeol from the stem bark of Lonchocarpus sericeus (Papillonaceae). Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 1: (1) 18-19.
[14]	Majidul, H. M., Marium, B., Moynul, H., Towheedur, R. M. Iftekhar, H., Mohammad, M. R., Hazrat, A., Ashraful, I. Zakir, S., Reyad, F., Choudhury, M. H. (2015). Investigation of the Medicinal Potentials of Syzygium jambos (L.) Extract and Characterization of the Isolated Compounds. American Journal of Biological Science 3: (2-1).
[15]	Alam, M. S., Chopra, N., Mohammed, A., Niwa, M., (1996). Oleanen and Stigmasterol derivatives from Ambroma augusta. Phytochemistry 41: 1197-1200.
[16]	Reginatto, H. F., Gosmann, G., Guillaume, D., Kauffmann, C., Schenkel, P. E., Schripsema, J. (2001). Steroidal and triterpenoidal glucosides fro Passiflora alata. Journal of the Brazillian Chemical Society, 12: 32-36.
[17]	Orabi, Y. K, (2011). Search for new leads from marine macrofauna: collection from Kuwaiti Arabian gulf coast. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 3: (40) 228-232.
[18]	Pandey, R., Verma, R. K., Gupta, M. M. (2006). Pentadecanoic acid β-D-glucoside from Clerodendrum inerme. Indian Journal of Chemistry 45: (9), 2161-2163.
[19]	Mahbuba K., Mirajum B. Abdul Q. (2012). Sterols and Sterol Glucoside from Phyllanthus Species Dhaka University. Journal of. Science. 60: (1) 5-10.
[20]	Alfian N, Ahmad R. Nunuk, H. S., Tjodi H., Ian V. A. (2012). A Stigmasterol Glycoside from the root wood of Melochia Umbellata (Houtt) Stapf Var. Degrabrata K. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 12: (1), 100-103.
[21]	Eddy, N. B., Leimbach, D. (1953). Synthetic analgesics II. Dithienylbutenyl- and dithienyl butylamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 107: 385-393.
[22]	Omisore, N. O. A., Adewunmi, C. O., Iwalewa, E. O., Ngadjui, B. T., Watchueng, J., Abegaz, B. M., Ojewole, J. A. O. (2004). Antinociptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Dorstenia barteri (Moraceae) leaf and twig extracts in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 95: 7-12.
[23]	Koster, R., Anderson, M., De, B. E. J. (1959). Acetic acid for analgesic screening. Federation Proceedings 18: 412.
[24]	Adeyemi, O. O., Okpo, S. O., Okpaka, O. (2004). The Analgesic effect of the Methanol extract of Acanthus motanus. Journal Ethnopharmacology 90: 45-48.
[25]	Attarde D, J Pawar, B Chaudhari, S Pal (2010). Estimation of sterols content in edible oil and ghee samples. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review 5: 135-137.
[26]	Thanakijcharoenpath, W., Theanphong, O. (2007). Triterpenoids from the stem of Diospyros glandulosa. Thailand Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 31: 1-8.
[27]	Silverstein, R. M., Bassler, G. C., Morrill, T. C. (1991). Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds, Singapore, 221.
[28]	Ahmad, R., Alfian, N., Soekamto, N. H., Harlim. T, Altenaand, I., 2012. A stigmasterol glycoside from the root wood of Melochia umbellta (houtt Stapf var degrabrata K. Indonesia J. Chem. 12 (1), 100-103.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. (2020). Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 4(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2020, 4(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm Sci Technol. 2020;4(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13,
  author = {Angeline Atieno Ochung and Phillip Okinda Owuor and Lawrence Arot Manguro and Ishola Ismael},
  title = {Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers},
  journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20200401.13},
  abstract = {Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers
AU  - Angeline Atieno Ochung
AU  - Phillip Okinda Owuor
AU  - Lawrence Arot Manguro
AU  - Ishola Ismael
Y1  - 2020/02/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
T2  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JF  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
SP  - 17
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
AB  - Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Angeline Atieno Ochung

Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya
Phillip Okinda Owuor

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Lawrence Arot Manguro

Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
Ishola Ismael

Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. (2020). Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 4(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung; Phillip Okinda Owuor; Lawrence Arot Manguro; Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2020, 4(1), 17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Angeline Atieno Ochung, Phillip Okinda Owuor, Lawrence Arot Manguro, Ishola Ismael. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers. Pharm Sci Technol. 2020;4(1):17-24. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13,
  author = {Angeline Atieno Ochung and Phillip Okinda Owuor and Lawrence Arot Manguro and Ishola Ismael},
  title = {Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers},
  journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20200401.13},
  abstract = {Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) Herb Extract for Use as Painkillers
AU  - Angeline Atieno Ochung
AU  - Phillip Okinda Owuor
AU  - Lawrence Arot Manguro
AU  - Ishola Ismael
Y1  - 2020/02/19
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
T2  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JF  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
JO  - Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
SP  - 17
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-4540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20200401.13
AB  - Today, many herbal preparations are being prescribed as analgesics. In the past decade, there has been a resurgence of interest in traditional systems of medicine which has become a topic of global interest. Indeed, many important drugs in the market have been obtained directly/ indirectly from natural sources, for example: morphine, pilocarpine, quinine and artemisinin among others. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx (Harms) belongs to the family Fabaceae and is used traditionally to control fever, headache and general body pain. This plant was studied for presence of secondary metabolites and the antinocieceptive effects. Four lupane-type terpenoids; lupeol (1), friedelin (2) stigmasterol (3), and stigmasterol glucoside (4) were isolated from the ethylacetate (EtOAc) extract of leaves by extensive silica gel chromatography and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) as well as comparison with literature data. Acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of the crude extract and isolates with Acetyl-salicylic acid as the positive control (87.37%). After prior intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of the mice with the EtOAc extract (100 mg/Kg) and the isolates (10 mg/kg, p.o.), comparatively less number of writhes were observed implying that the extract and isolates had significant ability to relieve pain. Similarly, a percent inhibition of 50.52, 76.7, 66.47 and 62.24% was observed in EtOAc and compounds 1, 2 and 3 respectively compared to the positive control (87.37%). This research has confirmed the presence of painkillers in this plant and scientifically validates its use in folk medicine. The isolates can be used as templates and derivatised into alternative analgesics to support the existing strategies in the management of diseases. Improved health will enhance productivity both at National and Global levels. Large scale cultivation of this plant for commercial purposes will be an Income Generating Activity (IGA) for the rural poor and supplement the strategies aimed at poverty alleviation.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download