International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences

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Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems

Received: 28 February 2019    Accepted: 04 April 2019    Published: 08 May 2019
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Abstract

Modulation is a process through which a message has to pass in order to be effectively transmitted. However, there are some limitations to Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation that can cause data redundancy, quantization error, slope overload distortion and granular noise which result in a bad communication process. Throughout the past few years, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Delta Modulation (DM) and Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), in digital communication systems, have proven to have unparalleled advantages over analog communication systems; this is in terms of error minimization and distances of transmission enhancements. Delta Modulation, a simplified version of Pulse Coded Modulation also pauses major problems in noise and quantization error. Consequently, and to combat the arising problems, communication engineers have developed newly adaptive compression and modulations techniques for better digital transmission. One of these innovative systems is the Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (DPCM) that can solve the aforementioned problems. Thus the focal point of this article is to explore the simulation of these systems using Simulink (The Math Works, Inc., USA). Eventually, the systems are tested on both image and audio inputs to prove the superiority of DPCM over DM and PCM systems in reducing noise and increasing the signal to quantization noise ratio, thus insuring a smooth and successful transfer of data.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11
Published in International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4, December 2018)
Page(s) 110-120
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pulse Coded Modulation, Differential Pulse Coded Modulation, Adaptive Prediction, Simulink

References
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[2] Robert Galloger. “Introduction to Digital Communications”, Internet: http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer science /6-450-principles-of-digital-communications-i-fall-2006/lecture-notes / book_1.pdf, [Jun. 25, 2015].
[3] C. Mansour, R. Achkar, G. Abou Haidar “Simulation of DPCM and ADM Systems”, IEEE 14th International Conference on Modelling and Simulation, UKSim 2012 Cambridge, United Kingdom March 28-30, pp. 416-421.
[4] G. Abou Haidar, R. Achkar and H. Dourgham, “A Comparative Simulation Study of the Real Effect of PCM & DPCM Systems on Audio and Image Modulation” IEEE International Multidisciplinary Conference on Engineering Technology (IMCET 2016), Beirut, Lebanon, 2-4 November 2016, pp 144-149.
[5] Widrow, J. Glover, J. M. McCool, J. Kaunitz, C. S. Williams, H.Hearn, J. R. Zeidler, E.Dong, and R. Goodlin,“Adaptive noise cancelling: Principles and applications ”, Proc. IEEE, vol. 63, pp.1692-1716, Dec. 1975.
[6] William N. Waggener (1999). “Pulse Code Modulation Systems
[7] Design”, 1st ed., Boston, MA: Artech House.
[8] B.M Oliver, J.R Pirece, and C.E Shannon. “The Philosophy of PCM”. Proceeding of the IRE 36.
[9] N. S. Jayant and A. E. Rosenberg. "The Preference of Slope Overload to Granularity in the Delta Modulation of Speech". The Bell System Technical Journal, Volume 50, no. 10, December 1971.
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[13] Egger O, Fleury P, Ebrahimi T, Kunt M (1999) High-Performance Compression of Visual Information-A Tutorial Review-Part I: Still Pictures. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 87, no 6, June 1999.
[14] M. J. Weinberger, G. Seroussi and G. Sapiro, The LOCO-I Lossless Image Compression Algorithm: Principles and Sta- ndardization into JPEG-LS, IEEE Transaction on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 8, 2000, pp. 1309-1324.
[15] G. W. Cottrell and P. Munro, “Principal components analysis of images via back propagation,” in SPIE Vol. 1001 Visual Communications and Image Processing ’88, 1988, pp. 1070–1077.
[16] Nelson, M., (1991), The Data Compression Book, M & T Publishing Inc.
[17] T. Acharya and A. K. Ray, Image Processing: Principles and Applications. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
[18] Chafic Saide, R´egis Lengelle, Paul Honeine, C´edric Richard, and Roger Achkar. Nonlinear adaptive filtering using kernel-based algorithms with dictionary adaptation. International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing, 29(11):1391–1410, 2015.
[19] S Jayaraman, S Esakkirajan, T Veerakumar, “Digital Image Processing”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Educaation Private Limited, 2009.
[20] Noll P (1997) MPEG digital audio coding. In: IEEE Signal Processing Magazine vol 14, no 5, pp. 59-81, Sept 1997.
[21] Scott Umbaugh, “Computer Vision and Image Processing”, Prentice Hal Intl., Inc., 1988.
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Author Information
  • Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon

  • Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon

  • Department of Computer and Communications Engineering, American University of Science and Technology, Beirut, Lebanon

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  • APA Style

    Gaby Abou Haidar, Roger Achkar, Hasan Dourgham. (2019). Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 3(4), 110-120. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11

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    ACS Style

    Gaby Abou Haidar; Roger Achkar; Hasan Dourgham. Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Sci. 2019, 3(4), 110-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11

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    AMA Style

    Gaby Abou Haidar, Roger Achkar, Hasan Dourgham. Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems. Int J Inf Commun Sci. 2019;3(4):110-120. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11,
      author = {Gaby Abou Haidar and Roger Achkar and Hasan Dourgham},
      title = {Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems},
      journal = {International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences},
      volume = {3},
      number = {4},
      pages = {110-120},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijics.20180304.11},
      abstract = {Modulation is a process through which a message has to pass in order to be effectively transmitted. However, there are some limitations to Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation that can cause data redundancy, quantization error, slope overload distortion and granular noise which result in a bad communication process. Throughout the past few years, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Delta Modulation (DM) and Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), in digital communication systems, have proven to have unparalleled advantages over analog communication systems; this is in terms of error minimization and distances of transmission enhancements. Delta Modulation, a simplified version of Pulse Coded Modulation also pauses major problems in noise and quantization error. Consequently, and to combat the arising problems, communication engineers have developed newly adaptive compression and modulations techniques for better digital transmission. One of these innovative systems is the Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (DPCM) that can solve the aforementioned problems. Thus the focal point of this article is to explore the simulation of these systems using Simulink (The Math Works, Inc., USA). Eventually, the systems are tested on both image and audio inputs to prove the superiority of DPCM over DM and PCM systems in reducing noise and increasing the signal to quantization noise ratio, thus insuring a smooth and successful transfer of data.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Gaby Abou Haidar
    AU  - Roger Achkar
    AU  - Hasan Dourgham
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20180304.11
    AB  - Modulation is a process through which a message has to pass in order to be effectively transmitted. However, there are some limitations to Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation that can cause data redundancy, quantization error, slope overload distortion and granular noise which result in a bad communication process. Throughout the past few years, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Delta Modulation (DM) and Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), in digital communication systems, have proven to have unparalleled advantages over analog communication systems; this is in terms of error minimization and distances of transmission enhancements. Delta Modulation, a simplified version of Pulse Coded Modulation also pauses major problems in noise and quantization error. Consequently, and to combat the arising problems, communication engineers have developed newly adaptive compression and modulations techniques for better digital transmission. One of these innovative systems is the Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (DPCM) that can solve the aforementioned problems. Thus the focal point of this article is to explore the simulation of these systems using Simulink (The Math Works, Inc., USA). Eventually, the systems are tested on both image and audio inputs to prove the superiority of DPCM over DM and PCM systems in reducing noise and increasing the signal to quantization noise ratio, thus insuring a smooth and successful transfer of data.
    VL  - 3
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