Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar

Isaac A. Ezenugu; Umoren Ifiok Anthony; Okon Abasiama Colman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar

Isaac A. Ezenugu, Umoren Ifiok Anthony, Okon Abasiama Colman

Published in International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 16 October 2016 Accepted: 20 January 2017 Published: 21 July 2017

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Abstract

Microwave radio propagation in terrestrial radio links over the years has earned increased application and there has been renewed attention of studies concerning techniques for estimating the probability of multipath fading distributions. Particularly, the secondary radio parameters remain very important in carrying out these estimations especially the concept of effective earth radius. This study was carried out in Calabar, South-south Nigeria with three years atmospheric parameters data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). International Telecommunication recommendation models were used in obtaining point refractivity gradient with which the effective earth radius factor was determined. The result showed a yearly average value of 1.626091667 for the k-factor and yearly average value of -125.50845 for the point refractivity gradient. There are also monthly and seasonal variations in the two parameters. The highest k-factor of 1.8263 occurred in January whereas the least k-factor of 1.3396 occurred in November.

Published in	International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
Page(s)	35-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radio Propagation, Microwave Radio, Refractivity, Multipath Fading, Effective Earth Radius, K-Factor, Point Refractivity Gradient

References

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APA Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu, Umoren Ifiok Anthony, Okon Abasiama Colman. (2017). Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 2(3), 35-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu; Umoren Ifiok Anthony; Okon Abasiama Colman. Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Sci. 2017, 2(3), 35-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu, Umoren Ifiok Anthony, Okon Abasiama Colman. Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. Int J Inf Commun Sci. 2017;2(3):35-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12,
  author = {Isaac A. Ezenugu and Umoren Ifiok Anthony and Okon Abasiama Colman},
  title = {Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar},
  journal = {International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijics.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Microwave radio propagation in terrestrial radio links over the years has earned increased application and there has been renewed attention of studies concerning techniques for estimating the probability of multipath fading distributions. Particularly, the secondary radio parameters remain very important in carrying out these estimations especially the concept of effective earth radius. This study was carried out in Calabar, South-south Nigeria with three years atmospheric parameters data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). International Telecommunication recommendation models were used in obtaining point refractivity gradient with which the effective earth radius factor was determined. The result showed a yearly average value of 1.626091667 for the k-factor and yearly average value of -125.50845 for the point refractivity gradient. There are also monthly and seasonal variations in the two parameters. The highest k-factor of 1.8263 occurred in January whereas the least k-factor of 1.3396 occurred in November.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar
AU  - Isaac A. Ezenugu
AU  - Umoren Ifiok Anthony
AU  - Okon Abasiama Colman
Y1  - 2017/07/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
SP  - 35
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1719
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
AB  - Microwave radio propagation in terrestrial radio links over the years has earned increased application and there has been renewed attention of studies concerning techniques for estimating the probability of multipath fading distributions. Particularly, the secondary radio parameters remain very important in carrying out these estimations especially the concept of effective earth radius. This study was carried out in Calabar, South-south Nigeria with three years atmospheric parameters data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). International Telecommunication recommendation models were used in obtaining point refractivity gradient with which the effective earth radius factor was determined. The result showed a yearly average value of 1.626091667 for the k-factor and yearly average value of -125.50845 for the point refractivity gradient. There are also monthly and seasonal variations in the two parameters. The highest k-factor of 1.8263 occurred in January whereas the least k-factor of 1.3396 occurred in November.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Isaac A. Ezenugu

Department of Electrical Engineering, Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri, NigeriaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri, Nigeria
Umoren Ifiok Anthony

Department of Electrical Engineering, Imo State University (IMSU), Owerri, Nigeria
Okon Abasiama Colman

Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, AkwaIbom, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu, Umoren Ifiok Anthony, Okon Abasiama Colman. (2017). Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 2(3), 35-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu; Umoren Ifiok Anthony; Okon Abasiama Colman. Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Sci. 2017, 2(3), 35-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Isaac A. Ezenugu, Umoren Ifiok Anthony, Okon Abasiama Colman. Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar. Int J Inf Commun Sci. 2017;2(3):35-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12,
  author = {Isaac A. Ezenugu and Umoren Ifiok Anthony and Okon Abasiama Colman},
  title = {Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar},
  journal = {International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijics.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Microwave radio propagation in terrestrial radio links over the years has earned increased application and there has been renewed attention of studies concerning techniques for estimating the probability of multipath fading distributions. Particularly, the secondary radio parameters remain very important in carrying out these estimations especially the concept of effective earth radius. This study was carried out in Calabar, South-south Nigeria with three years atmospheric parameters data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). International Telecommunication recommendation models were used in obtaining point refractivity gradient with which the effective earth radius factor was determined. The result showed a yearly average value of 1.626091667 for the k-factor and yearly average value of -125.50845 for the point refractivity gradient. There are also monthly and seasonal variations in the two parameters. The highest k-factor of 1.8263 occurred in January whereas the least k-factor of 1.3396 occurred in November.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Estimation of Clear-Air Atmospheric Effective Earth Radius (K-Factor) in Calabar
AU  - Isaac A. Ezenugu
AU  - Umoren Ifiok Anthony
AU  - Okon Abasiama Colman
Y1  - 2017/07/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
SP  - 35
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1719
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20170203.12
AB  - Microwave radio propagation in terrestrial radio links over the years has earned increased application and there has been renewed attention of studies concerning techniques for estimating the probability of multipath fading distributions. Particularly, the secondary radio parameters remain very important in carrying out these estimations especially the concept of effective earth radius. This study was carried out in Calabar, South-south Nigeria with three years atmospheric parameters data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). International Telecommunication recommendation models were used in obtaining point refractivity gradient with which the effective earth radius factor was determined. The result showed a yearly average value of 1.626091667 for the k-factor and yearly average value of -125.50845 for the point refractivity gradient. There are also monthly and seasonal variations in the two parameters. The highest k-factor of 1.8263 occurred in January whereas the least k-factor of 1.3396 occurred in November.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download