American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering

| Peer-Reviewed |

Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment

Received: 21 November 2017    Accepted: 04 December 2017    Published: 03 January 2018
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
Published in American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2017)
Page(s) 117-127
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lake, Water Quality, WQI, Multivariate Analysis

References
[1] Manjare SA, Vhanalakar SA, Muley DV. Analysis of water quality using physico-chemical parameters, Tamdalge tank in Kohlapur District, Maharashtra. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res 2010; 1:115-9.
[2] Poonia S, Singh TS, Tsering DC. Application of water quality index for the assessment of suitability of natural sources of water for drinking in rural areas of east Sikkim, India. Indian J Public Health 2015;59:153-5.
[3] Ongley, E. Modernization of water quality programs in developing countries: issues of relevancy and cost efficiency. Water Qual. Int., 1998, 37–42.
[4] T. Banerjee and R. K. Srivastava. Water quality index for surface water quality assessment. Water Science & Technology, WST 60.8. 2009.
[5] Sargaonkar and V. Deshpande, “Development of an Overall Index of Pollution for Surface Water Based on a General Classification Scheme in Indian Context,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 89, No. 1, 2003, pp. 43-67.
[6] H. Boyacioglu, “Surface Water Quality Assessment Using Factor Analysis,” Water SA, Vol. 32, No. 3, 2006, pp.389-394.
[7] V. Simeonov, J. W. Einax, I. Stanimirova and J. Kraft, “Environmetric Modeling and Interpretation of River Water Monitoring Data,” Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 374, No. 5, 2002, pp. 898-905.
[8] M. Nasirian, “A New Water Quality Index for Environmental Contamination Contributed by Mineral Processing: A Case Study of Amang (Tin Tailing) Processing Activity,”Journal of applied sciences, Vol. 7, No. 20, 2007, pp.2977-2987.
[9] H. Boyacioglu and H. Boyacioglu, “Surface Water Quality Assessment by Environmetric Methods,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 131, No. 1-3, 2007, pp. 371-376.
[10] Parparov, A., Hambright, K. D., Hakanson, L. & Ostapenia, A. 2006 Water quality quantification: basics and implementation. Hydrobiologia 560, 227–237.
[11] A. Sargaonkar and V. Deshpande, “Development of an Overall Index of Pollution for Surface Water Based on a General Classification Scheme in Indian Context,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 89, No. 1,2003, pp. 43-67.
[12] Babaei Semiromi, F., Hassani, A. H., Torabian, A., Karbassi, A. R. and Hosseinzadeh Lotfi, F., “Water quality index development using fuzzy logic: A case study of the Karoon river of Iran”, African J. Biotech.., 10(50). 10125-10133. 2011.
[13] Karbassi, A. R., Mir Mohammad Hosseini, F., Baghvand, A. and Nazariha, M., “Development of water quality index (WQI) for Gorganrood River”, Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(4). 1041-1046. Autumn 2011.
[14] Chowdhury R. M., Muntasir S. Y. and Hossain M. M., “Study on ground water quality and its suitability or drinking purpose in Alathur block -Perambalur district”, Archiv. Appl. Sci. Res., 4(3). 1332-1338. 2012.
[15] Nasirian. M., “A new water quality index for environmental contamination contributed by mineral processing: A case study of Amang (tin tailing) processing activity”, J. Appli. Sci., 7(20). 2977-2987. 2007.
[16] W. Dixon and B. Chiswell, “Review of aquatic monitoring program design,” Water Research, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1935–1948, 1996.
[17] V. Simeonov, J. A. Stratis, C. Samara et al., “Assessment of the surface water quality in Northern Greece,” Water Research, vol. 37, no. 17, pp. 4119–4124, 2003.
[18] K. P. Singh, A. Malik, D. Mohan, and S. Sinha, “Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomti River (India): a case study,” Water Research, vol. 38, no. 18, pp. 3980–3992, 2004.
[19] B. Helena, R. Pardo, M. Vega, E. Barrado, J. M. Fernandez, and L. Fernandez, “Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer (Pisuerga River, Spain) by principal component analysis,” Water Research, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 807–816, 2000.
[20] S. A. Bhat, G. Meraj, S. Yaseen, A. R. Bhat, and A. K. Pandit, “Assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on spatiotemporal variation of water quality in Anchar lake, Kashmir Himalayas,” International Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1625–1640, 2013.
[21] Mama, D. Méthodologie et résultats du diagnostic de l’eutrophisation du lac Nokoué (Bénin). Mémoire de Thèse de l’Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, 157 p.2010.
[22] Dehotin, U. A., Laleye, P. A., Dauta, A. and Moreau, J. Facteurs ecologiques et diversité piscicole d’une lagune Ouest Africaine: Le lac Nokoué au Bénin. Journal of Afrotropical Zoology, Special Issue, 49-55. 2007.
[23] Chauhan, A. and Singh, S. “Evaluation of Ganga water for drinking purpose by water quality index at Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India”, Report Opinion, 2(9). 53-61.2010.
[24] Chowdhury, R. M., Muntasir, S. Y. and Hossain, M. M., “Water quality index of water bodies along Faridpur-Barisal road in Bangladesh”, Glob. Eng. Tech. Rev., 2(3). 1-8.2012.
[25] Rao, C. S., Rao, B. S., Hariharan, A. V. L. N. S. H. and Bharathi, N. M., “Determination of water quality index of some areas in Guntur district Andhra Pradesh”, Int. J. Appl. Bio. Pharm. Tech., I(1). 79-86.2010.
[26] Balan, I. N., Shivakumar, M. and Kumar, P. D. M. “An assessment of ground water quality using water quality index in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India”, Chronicles Young Scient., 3(2). 146-150. 2012.
[27] Abdul Hameed M. Jawad Alobaidy, Haider S. Abid, Bahram K. Maulood. Application of Water Quality Index for Assessment of Dokan Lake Ecosystem, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2010, 2, 792-798.
[28] Liu KH, Kuo YM, Application of factor analysis in the assessment of ground water quality in a blackfoot disease area in Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 313:77–89.2003.
[29] P. J. Puri, M. K. N. Yenkie, D. B. Rana and S. U. Meshram. Application of water quality index (WQI) for the assessment of surface water quality (Ambazari Lake). European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 5(2):37-52.
[30] Thomas S. Les différents producteurs primaires d’un petit barrage tropical africain: dynamiques et interactions (Brobo, Côte d’Ivoire). Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, Université Paris 6. 246 p.2000.
[31] Lemoalle, J. Azote et phosphore dans les eaux de pluie à Fort Lamy. Cahiers ORSTOM série Hydrobiologie. 7: 95-116.1973.
[32] Gnohossou P. M. La faune benthique d’une lagune Ouest Africaine (le lac Nokoué au Benin), diversité, abondance, variations temporelles et spatiales, place dans la chaine trophique. Thèse de Doctorat, INP de Toulouse, France, 2006, 184p.
[33] Mainstone, G., Glson, J et PRR, W. Phosphate in fresh water, Standards for nature conservation. English Nature Research Reports 73,91p 1993.
[34] Seyni, S. Contrôle environnemental de la production primaire du lac de Guiers au Nord du Sénégal Thèse de Doctorat de 3ème cycle de Biologie Végétale. Univ Cheik Anta Diop.2006.
[35] Dèdjiho, C. A. Évaluation de la chaine trophique d’une aire marine protégée en relation avec sa physico-chimie: Cas de Gbèzoumè dans la commune de Ouidah. Mémoire de DEA. FAST/UAC, Bénin.2011.
[36] Dovonou, F. La pollution des plans d’eau au Benin. Mémoire de DEA en Environnement, Santé et Développement; Géographie à l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi. 70.2008.
[37] Lacaze J. C. « L’eutrophisation des eaux marines et continentales ». Ed. Ellipses.181 p.1996.
[38] Monjid J., Cohen N, Fadloui: Contribution a l’evaluation de la qualite physicochimique du cours d’eau merzeg (Periurbain de Casablanca, Maroc. 21p.2014.
[39] Adamou R., Alhou B. et Garba Z. Impact de la pollution anthropique du fleuve Niger sur la proliferation de la jacinthe d’eau, article scientifique, 14p. 2015.
[40] Beaux J. F., L’environnement, Reperes pratiques, Nathan, 160 p.1998.
Author Information
  • Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

  • Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

  • Laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

  • Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

  • Laboratory of Hydraulics and Control of Water, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

  • Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Calavi, Benin

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. (2018). Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 1(4), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba; Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji; Bruno Enagnon Lokonon; Amédée Chabi; Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am. J. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2018, 1(4), 117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba, Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji, Bruno Enagnon Lokonon, Amédée Chabi, Oswald Dan, et al. Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment. Am J Environ Sci Eng. 2018;1(4):117-127. doi: 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13,
      author = {Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba and Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji and Bruno Enagnon Lokonon and Amédée Chabi and Oswald Dan and Daouda Mama},
      title = {Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering},
      volume = {1},
      number = {4},
      pages = {117-127},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajese.20170104.13},
      abstract = {Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Application Use of Water Quality Index (WQI) and Multivariate Analysis for Nokoué Lake Water Quality Assessment
    AU  - Josué Esdras Babadjidé Zandagba
    AU  - Firmin Mahoutin Adandedji
    AU  - Bruno Enagnon Lokonon
    AU  - Amédée Chabi
    AU  - Oswald Dan
    AU  - Daouda Mama
    Y1  - 2018/01/03
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering
    SP  - 117
    EP  - 127
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-7993
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajese.20170104.13
    AB  - Due to its location and multiple uses, Nokoué Lake, is subject to multiple attacks impairing water quality. The present work aims at assessing the water quality index (WQI) on this surface water, by monitoring twenty sampling locations for a period of rainy and dry season in 2016. For calculating the WQI, seven parameters, namely, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, nitrite and nitrate were considered. Statistical tests and conclusions were made on the basis of a multiparametric model. Thus, to evaluate significant differences among the sites for all water quality variables, data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 0.05% level of significance. Multivariate analysis of the water quality data sets was performed using Hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that WQI values ranged from 93.96 (good water quality) in rainy season to 100.73 (bad water quality) in dry season. The values of physicochemical parameters significantly increased from rainy to dry season. Water quality of Nokoué Lake can be categorized into "Good water" during the rainy season to "Poor water" during the dry season. Application of the WQI is suggested as a very helpful tool that enables decision makers to evaluate water quality.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections