Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review

Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

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Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri

Received: 24 September 2019 Accepted: 12 October 2019 Published: 23 October 2019

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Abstract

During the last two decades, electrocoagulation (EC) process has known a large success as an electrodisinfection (ED) technology especially if iron (Fe) electrodes are used instead of aluminum ones as sacrificial anodes. This review discusses the pertinent findings of the Delaire et al. excellent work who focused on microbes removal via Fe-EC and attracted the attention on the interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe (III) precipitates. Employing the model indicator Escherichia coli, physical elimination through enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs was shown the main procedure of bacteria reduction in the existence of HCO₃^-, which importantly prevents demobilization, probably because of a decrease in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. The fixation of EC precipitates onto cell membranes, which leads to microbes’ encapsulation in flocs, is directed firstly via interactions among EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. EC precipitate fixation is greatly independent of cell membrane composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Such findings are crucial to anticipate the efficiency of Fe-EC to remove bacterial pollutants from the water with changing chemical compositions. In spite of the huge advances in studying the EC process as an ED technique, considerable efforts remain to be performed to reach its better acceptation in the industrial world.

DOI	10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
Published in	Applied Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 2, December 2019)
Page(s)	154-158
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Electrocoagulation (EC), Electrodisinfection (ED), Iron, Bacteria, Cell Wall, Gram-positive and Gram-negative Cells

References

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Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. (2019). Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Applied Engineering, 3(2), 154-158. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

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Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri. Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Appl. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 154-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

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AMA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Appl Eng. 2019;3(2):154-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

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@article{10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri},
  title = {Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {154-158},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20190302.22},
  abstract = {During the last two decades, electrocoagulation (EC) process has known a large success as an electrodisinfection (ED) technology especially if iron (Fe) electrodes are used instead of aluminum ones as sacrificial anodes. This review discusses the pertinent findings of the Delaire et al. excellent work who focused on microbes removal via Fe-EC and attracted the attention on the interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe (III) precipitates. Employing the model indicator Escherichia coli, physical elimination through enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs was shown the main procedure of bacteria reduction in the existence of HCO3-, which importantly prevents demobilization, probably because of a decrease in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. The fixation of EC precipitates onto cell membranes, which leads to microbes’ encapsulation in flocs, is directed firstly via interactions among EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. EC precipitate fixation is greatly independent of cell membrane composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Such findings are crucial to anticipate the efficiency of Fe-EC to remove bacterial pollutants from the water with changing chemical compositions. In spite of the huge advances in studying the EC process as an ED technique, considerable efforts remain to be performed to reach its better acceptation in the industrial world.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
Y1  - 2019/10/23
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 154
EP  - 158
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
AB  - During the last two decades, electrocoagulation (EC) process has known a large success as an electrodisinfection (ED) technology especially if iron (Fe) electrodes are used instead of aluminum ones as sacrificial anodes. This review discusses the pertinent findings of the Delaire et al. excellent work who focused on microbes removal via Fe-EC and attracted the attention on the interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe (III) precipitates. Employing the model indicator Escherichia coli, physical elimination through enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs was shown the main procedure of bacteria reduction in the existence of HCO3-, which importantly prevents demobilization, probably because of a decrease in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. The fixation of EC precipitates onto cell membranes, which leads to microbes’ encapsulation in flocs, is directed firstly via interactions among EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. EC precipitate fixation is greatly independent of cell membrane composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Such findings are crucial to anticipate the efficiency of Fe-EC to remove bacterial pollutants from the water with changing chemical compositions. In spite of the huge advances in studying the EC process as an ED technique, considerable efforts remain to be performed to reach its better acceptation in the industrial world.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Djamel Ghernaout

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Department, University of Blida, Blida, Algeria
Noureddine Elboughdiri

Chemical Engineering Department, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia

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APA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. (2019). Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Applied Engineering, 3(2), 154-158. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

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ACS Style

Djamel Ghernaout; Noureddine Elboughdiri. Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Appl. Eng. 2019, 3(2), 154-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Djamel Ghernaout, Noureddine Elboughdiri. Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review. Appl Eng. 2019;3(2):154-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22,
  author = {Djamel Ghernaout and Noureddine Elboughdiri},
  title = {Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review},
  journal = {Applied Engineering},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {154-158},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ae.20190302.22},
  abstract = {During the last two decades, electrocoagulation (EC) process has known a large success as an electrodisinfection (ED) technology especially if iron (Fe) electrodes are used instead of aluminum ones as sacrificial anodes. This review discusses the pertinent findings of the Delaire et al. excellent work who focused on microbes removal via Fe-EC and attracted the attention on the interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe (III) precipitates. Employing the model indicator Escherichia coli, physical elimination through enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs was shown the main procedure of bacteria reduction in the existence of HCO3-, which importantly prevents demobilization, probably because of a decrease in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. The fixation of EC precipitates onto cell membranes, which leads to microbes’ encapsulation in flocs, is directed firstly via interactions among EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. EC precipitate fixation is greatly independent of cell membrane composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Such findings are crucial to anticipate the efficiency of Fe-EC to remove bacterial pollutants from the water with changing chemical compositions. In spite of the huge advances in studying the EC process as an ED technique, considerable efforts remain to be performed to reach its better acceptation in the industrial world.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Iron Electrocoagulation Process for Disinfecting Water – A Review
AU  - Djamel Ghernaout
AU  - Noureddine Elboughdiri
Y1  - 2019/10/23
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
DO  - 10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
T2  - Applied Engineering
JF  - Applied Engineering
JO  - Applied Engineering
SP  - 154
EP  - 158
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7456
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ae.20190302.22
AB  - During the last two decades, electrocoagulation (EC) process has known a large success as an electrodisinfection (ED) technology especially if iron (Fe) electrodes are used instead of aluminum ones as sacrificial anodes. This review discusses the pertinent findings of the Delaire et al. excellent work who focused on microbes removal via Fe-EC and attracted the attention on the interactions between bacterial phosphate groups and Fe (III) precipitates. Employing the model indicator Escherichia coli, physical elimination through enmeshment in EC precipitate flocs was shown the main procedure of bacteria reduction in the existence of HCO3-, which importantly prevents demobilization, probably because of a decrease in the lifetime of reactive oxidants. The fixation of EC precipitates onto cell membranes, which leads to microbes’ encapsulation in flocs, is directed firstly via interactions among EC precipitates and phosphate functional groups on bacteria surfaces. EC precipitate fixation is greatly independent of cell membrane composition, consistent with comparable densities of phosphate functional groups on Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells. Such findings are crucial to anticipate the efficiency of Fe-EC to remove bacterial pollutants from the water with changing chemical compositions. In spite of the huge advances in studying the EC process as an ED technique, considerable efforts remain to be performed to reach its better acceptation in the industrial world.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download