@article{10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12,
  author = {Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana and Rodrigo Espindola Godoy and Nataly Araujo Souza and Júlia dos Santos Silva and Gloria Minaya Gómez and Nyshon Rojas Palomino and Carlos Magallanes Benavides and Abraham Germán Cáceres and Monica Guardo and Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo},
  title = {Morphological Anomaly in the Scutum of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Diptera: Psychodidae), Captured in Iñapari Town, Trinational Border Peru, Brazil and Bolivia},
  journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
  volume = {4},
  number = {2},
  pages = {35-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20200402.12},
  abstract = {Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are small diptera that represent a group of approximately 1,000 known species around the world, of which 530 were found in the Americas. The females are hematophagous, a characteristic that makes them capable of participating in the transmission of etiological agents that cause diseases, such as leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and arboviral diseases. Classical taxonomy requires knowledge of morphological and morphometric patterns for the correct classification and identification of species. In the classification and identification of sand flies it is common incomplete species descriptions, erroneous associations between sexes, as the existence of morphologically close or indistinguishable species, and polymorphic species make a correct diagnosis difficult. Another problem with classical taxonomy in sand flies is the occurrence of anomalies, which are generally observed in paired morphological structures. In September 2017 during surveillance for leishmaniasis in Iñapari Town, Peru, sand flies were captured using light traps for three consecutive nights. During entomological surveillance, 55 specimens were identified, including a female of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Fairchild & Theodor) showing an unusual structure not previously reported in sand flies. Within the median region of the scutum, a spine projection was observed, measuring 39.4 μm. The spine displayed a discrete surface convexity directed towards the anterior region of the thorax. Bilateral and unilateral anomalies have often been described in sand flies, mainly in structures that are under substantial evolutionary pressure, such as reproductive organs of males and females. The anomaly observed in Bi. olmeca bicolor is the first reported in the thorax of sand flies. An observation of similar anomalies from different species and in different countries shows the need for more studies to elucidate the causes for the occurrence of this phenomenon.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Morphological Anomaly in the Scutum of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Diptera: Psychodidae), Captured in Iñapari Town, Trinational Border Peru, Brazil and Bolivia
AU  - Antônio Luís Ferreira de Santana
AU  - Rodrigo Espindola Godoy
AU  - Nataly Araujo Souza
AU  - Júlia dos Santos Silva
AU  - Gloria Minaya Gómez
AU  - Nyshon Rojas Palomino
AU  - Carlos Magallanes Benavides
AU  - Abraham Germán Cáceres
AU  - Monica Guardo
AU  - Alfredo Carlos Rodrigues de Azevedo
Y1  - 2020/08/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12
T2  - American Journal of Entomology
JF  - American Journal of Entomology
JO  - American Journal of Entomology
SP  - 35
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0537
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20200402.12
AB  - Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are small diptera that represent a group of approximately 1,000 known species around the world, of which 530 were found in the Americas. The females are hematophagous, a characteristic that makes them capable of participating in the transmission of etiological agents that cause diseases, such as leishmaniasis, bartonellosis, and arboviral diseases. Classical taxonomy requires knowledge of morphological and morphometric patterns for the correct classification and identification of species. In the classification and identification of sand flies it is common incomplete species descriptions, erroneous associations between sexes, as the existence of morphologically close or indistinguishable species, and polymorphic species make a correct diagnosis difficult. Another problem with classical taxonomy in sand flies is the occurrence of anomalies, which are generally observed in paired morphological structures. In September 2017 during surveillance for leishmaniasis in Iñapari Town, Peru, sand flies were captured using light traps for three consecutive nights. During entomological surveillance, 55 specimens were identified, including a female of Bichromomyia olmeca bicolor (Fairchild & Theodor) showing an unusual structure not previously reported in sand flies. Within the median region of the scutum, a spine projection was observed, measuring 39.4 μm. The spine displayed a discrete surface convexity directed towards the anterior region of the thorax. Bilateral and unilateral anomalies have often been described in sand flies, mainly in structures that are under substantial evolutionary pressure, such as reproductive organs of males and females. The anomaly observed in Bi. olmeca bicolor is the first reported in the thorax of sand flies. An observation of similar anomalies from different species and in different countries shows the need for more studies to elucidate the causes for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
ER  - 

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