International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science

| Peer-Reviewed |

Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants

Received: 04 March 2017    Accepted: 13 March 2017    Published: 29 March 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

The Cascade heat pump system is commonly used to overcome the high temperature lift problem of the system. In the present investigation eight refrigerant pairs were studied including R717/R134a, R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a, and R717/R600a, R744/R134a, R744/R290, R744/R600a, and R744/R717 at HT condenser of (70)°C and (75)°C. Hot water is to be produced at temperature range (60 to 65)°C with a proper flow demand. The evaporator temperature at the LT cycle side was ranged between (-10)°C and (-2)°C. The intermediate temperatures at the cascade heat exchanger were (20, 22.5, 33, and 35)°C depending on the refrigerant pairs implemented in the Cascade heat pump. Sea water at (7)°C was used as a sustainable low temperature heat source and 30% ethylene glycol-water brine as a thermal fluid carrier for heat extraction. The evaluation of the thermal performance of the refrigerant pairs was based on a fixed heat pump extraction load at the LT cycle evaporator. The R744/R134a and R744/R290 systems revealed the highest heat pump heating load production and highest compressors power consumption accompanied with the lowest COP at (20)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (75)°C. R717/R600a showed the highest COP and lowest power consumption at (35)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (70)°C. The results also revealed that a band of refrigerant pairs occupied the central zone of COP range with acceptable value; they are R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a and R744/R717.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12
Published in International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 2, Issue 2, March 2017)
Page(s) 36-47
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sustainable Energy, Green Environment, Low Temperature Heat Source, Halogen Free Refrigerants

References
[1] Bhattacharyya, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., Kumar, A., Khurana, R. K. and Sarkar, J., “Optimization of a CO2-C3H8 Cascade system for refrigeration and heating”, Int. J. Ref., 28, (2005).
[2] Lee, T. S., Liu, C. H. and Chen, T. W., “Thermodynamic analysis of optimal condensing temperature of cascade condenser in CO2/NH3 Cascade refrigeration systems”, Int. J. Ref., 29, pp. 1100-1108, (2006).
[3] Bansal, P. K. and Jain, S., “Cascade systems: past, present, and future”, ASHRAE Trans., 113 (1) 245-252, (2007).
[4] Bingming, W., Huagen, W., Jianfeng, L. and Ziwen, X., “Experimental investigation on the performance of NH3/CO2 Cascade refrigeration system with twin-screw compressor”, Int. J. Refrigeration 32, pp. 1358-1365, (2009).
[5] Dopazo, J. A. and Fernández-Seara, J., “Experimental evaluation of a Cascade refrigeration system prototype with CO2 and NH3 for freezing process applications”, Int. J. Refrigeration 34, pp. 257-267, (2011).
[6] Kim, D. H., Park, H. S. and Kim, M. S., “Characteristics of R134a/R410A Cascade heat pump and optimization”, international refrigeration and air conditioning conference at Purdue, Paper n. 2425, pp 1-7, (2012).
[7] Kim, D. H., Park, H. S. and Kim, M. S., “Optimal temperature between high and low stage cycles for R134a/R410A Cascade heat pump based water heater system”, Exp. Thermal and Fluid Sci., 47, 172-179, (2013).
[8] Baker, A. and Schaefermeyer, D., “Sea water heat pump project”, ACEP Rural Energy Conference Forum, (2013).
[9] Kim D. H. and Kim M. S., “The effect of water temperature lift on the performance of Cascade heat pump system”, Appl Therm Eng; 67: 273-282, (2014).
[10] Uhlmann, M., Bertsch, S., and Heldstab, A., "Heat pump with two heat sources on different temperature levels", International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. Paper no. 1372, (2014), http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1372.
[11] Chae J. H and Choi J. M., “Evaluation of the impacts of high stage refrigerant charge on Cascade heat pump performance”, Renew Energ; 79: 66-71, (2015).
[12] Kim, J., Lee, J. Choi, H, Lee S., Oh, S. and Park, W., “Experimental study of R134a/R410A Cascade cycle for variable refrigerant flow heat pump systems”, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29 (12), pp. 5447-5458, (2015), DOI 10.1007/s12206-015-1146-2.
[13] Yrjölä, J. and Laaksonen, E., “Domestic hot water production with ground source heat pump in apartment buildings”, Energies, 8, 8447-8466, (2015), doi: 10.3390/en8088447.
[14] Minglu, Q., Yanan, F., Jianbo, C., Tianrui, L., Zhao, L., and He, L., “Experimental study of a control strategy for a Cascade air source heat pump water heater”, Applied Thermal Engineering, (2016), DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.176.
[15] Tarrad, A. H., “Thermodynamic Analysis for Hybrid Low Temperature Sustainable Energy Sources in Cascade Heat Pump Technology”, Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology (AJET), Vol. 5 No. 2, April (2017).
Author Information
  • Mechatronic Department, University of Southern Denmark, S?nderborg, Denmark

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ali H. Tarrad. (2017). Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 2(2), 36-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ali H. Tarrad. Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2017, 2(2), 36-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ali H. Tarrad. Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2017;2(2):36-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12,
      author = {Ali H. Tarrad},
      title = {Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants},
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {36-47},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20170202.12},
      abstract = {The Cascade heat pump system is commonly used to overcome the high temperature lift problem of the system. In the present investigation eight refrigerant pairs were studied including R717/R134a, R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a, and R717/R600a, R744/R134a, R744/R290, R744/R600a, and R744/R717 at HT condenser of (70)°C and (75)°C. Hot water is to be produced at temperature range (60 to 65)°C with a proper flow demand. The evaporator temperature at the LT cycle side was ranged between (-10)°C and (-2)°C. The intermediate temperatures at the cascade heat exchanger were (20, 22.5, 33, and 35)°C depending on the refrigerant pairs implemented in the Cascade heat pump. Sea water at (7)°C was used as a sustainable low temperature heat source and 30% ethylene glycol-water brine as a thermal fluid carrier for heat extraction. The evaluation of the thermal performance of the refrigerant pairs was based on a fixed heat pump extraction load at the LT cycle evaporator. The R744/R134a and R744/R290 systems revealed the highest heat pump heating load production and highest compressors power consumption accompanied with the lowest COP at (20)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (75)°C. R717/R600a showed the highest COP and lowest power consumption at (35)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (70)°C. The results also revealed that a band of refrigerant pairs occupied the central zone of COP range with acceptable value; they are R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a and R744/R717.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation for Low Temperature Heat Source Cascade System Circulating Environment Friendly Refrigerants
    AU  - Ali H. Tarrad
    Y1  - 2017/03/29
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12
    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    SP  - 36
    EP  - 47
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9546
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20170202.12
    AB  - The Cascade heat pump system is commonly used to overcome the high temperature lift problem of the system. In the present investigation eight refrigerant pairs were studied including R717/R134a, R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a, and R717/R600a, R744/R134a, R744/R290, R744/R600a, and R744/R717 at HT condenser of (70)°C and (75)°C. Hot water is to be produced at temperature range (60 to 65)°C with a proper flow demand. The evaporator temperature at the LT cycle side was ranged between (-10)°C and (-2)°C. The intermediate temperatures at the cascade heat exchanger were (20, 22.5, 33, and 35)°C depending on the refrigerant pairs implemented in the Cascade heat pump. Sea water at (7)°C was used as a sustainable low temperature heat source and 30% ethylene glycol-water brine as a thermal fluid carrier for heat extraction. The evaluation of the thermal performance of the refrigerant pairs was based on a fixed heat pump extraction load at the LT cycle evaporator. The R744/R134a and R744/R290 systems revealed the highest heat pump heating load production and highest compressors power consumption accompanied with the lowest COP at (20)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (75)°C. R717/R600a showed the highest COP and lowest power consumption at (35)°C intermediate temperature and HT condensation of (70)°C. The results also revealed that a band of refrigerant pairs occupied the central zone of COP range with acceptable value; they are R410A/R134a, R407C/R134a and R744/R717.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections