The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance

Todd Castleberry; Christopher Irvine; Ryan Gordon; Matthew Brisebois; Sarah Deemer; Aubrien Henderson; Matthew Sokoloski; Vic Ben-Ezra

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance

Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, Aubrien Henderson, Matthew Sokoloski, Vic Ben-Ezra

Received: 9 October 2020 Accepted: 21 October 2020 Published: 30 October 2020

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Abstract

Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m²; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T₁), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T₂). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (_iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T₁ (P<0.01, 45.5%), CON to T₂ (P<0.01, 61.0%), and T₁ to T₂ (P<0.01, 28.5%), with a significant decrease in postprandial AUC for glucose with T₂ (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 _iAUC increased with T₁ or T₂ compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose _iAUC was significantly reduced for T₂ compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose _iAUC following T₂. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes

DOI	10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
Published in	International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020)
Page(s)	52-57
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, GIP, GLP-1, Glucose, Glucagon

References

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APA Style

Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. (2020). The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 5(4), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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ACS Style

Todd Castleberry; Christopher Irvine; Ryan Gordon; Matthew Brisebois; Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(4), 52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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AMA Style

Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2020;5(4):52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12,
  author = {Todd Castleberry and Christopher Irvine and Ryan Gordon and Matthew Brisebois and Sarah Deemer and Aubrien Henderson and Matthew Sokoloski and Vic Ben-Ezra},
  title = {The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  abstract = {Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance
AU  - Todd Castleberry
AU  - Christopher Irvine
AU  - Ryan Gordon
AU  - Matthew Brisebois
AU  - Sarah Deemer
AU  - Aubrien Henderson
AU  - Matthew Sokoloski
AU  - Vic Ben-Ezra
Y1  - 2020/10/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 52
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
AB  - Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Todd Castleberry

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, USA
Christopher Irvine

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA; Department of Health and Human Performance, Rocky Mountain College, Billings, USA
Ryan Gordon

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA
Matthew Brisebois

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA; Department of Human Performance and Health, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, USA
Sarah Deemer

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA; Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, USA
Aubrien Henderson

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA
Matthew Sokoloski

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA
Vic Ben-Ezra

School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. (2020). The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 5(4), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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ACS Style

Todd Castleberry; Christopher Irvine; Ryan Gordon; Matthew Brisebois; Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(4), 52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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AMA Style

Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2020;5(4):52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12,
  author = {Todd Castleberry and Christopher Irvine and Ryan Gordon and Matthew Brisebois and Sarah Deemer and Aubrien Henderson and Matthew Sokoloski and Vic Ben-Ezra},
  title = {The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-57},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
  abstract = {Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance
AU  - Todd Castleberry
AU  - Christopher Irvine
AU  - Ryan Gordon
AU  - Matthew Brisebois
AU  - Sarah Deemer
AU  - Aubrien Henderson
AU  - Matthew Sokoloski
AU  - Vic Ben-Ezra
Y1  - 2020/10/30
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 52
EP  - 57
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
AB  - Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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