International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology

| Peer-Reviewed |

A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste

Received: 26 October 2016    Accepted: 22 November 2016    Published: 07 January 2017
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Morocco is one of the largest growers of sugarcane with an estimated produced of around 500.000 tons in the marketing year 2014 due to the increase in the area sown sugar beet who spent 35,000 ha during the campaign 2012-2013 53,000 ha for 2013-2015 campaign. Composting is an efficient method of waste disposal, enabling recycling of organic matter. Composting is one of the most promising technologies for solid waste treatment. The organic substrates in solid waste can be biodegraded and stabilized by composting and the final compost products could be applied to land as the fertilizer or soil conditioner. The present review paper deals with the following topics: Composting, Composting of pollutants and various industrial wastes, Physical and chemical nature of raw pressmud, Biochemical changes during composting, Microbial enzymes and composting, Factors controlling composting and Characteristics of the compost and its application in agriculture.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14
Published in International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016)
Page(s) 24-37
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Composting Process, Morocco, Sugar Industry Waste, Bacteria and Fungi, Degradation of Hemicelluloses

References
[1] S. E. E. E., (Secretariat of State in charge of Water and Environment) Collections of laws relating to the protection of the environment, Kingdom of Morocco, Department of the Environment, (2014) 167.
[2] M. Gómez-Brandón, M. Lores, J. Domínguez, Changes in chemical and microbiological properties of rabbit manure in a continuous-feeding vermicomposting system, Bioresource technology, 128 (2013) 310-316.
[3] R. Kumar, D. Verma, B. L. Singh, U. Kumar, Composting of sugar-cane waste by-products through treatment with microorganisms and subsequent vermicomposting, Bioresource technology, 101 (2010) 6707-6711.
[4] T. Hart, F. De Leij, G. Kinsey, J. Kelley, J. Lynch, Strategies for the isolation of cellulolytic fungi for composting of wheat straw, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18 (2002) 471-480.
[5] D. Pečiulytė, Isolation of cellulolytic fungi from waste paper gradual recycling materials, Ekologija, 53 (2007) 11-18.
[6] S. N. Chinedu, V. Okochi, H. Smith, O. Omidiji, Isolation of cellulolytic microfungi involved in wood-waste decomposition: Prospects for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic wastes, International Journal of Biomedical and HealthSciences, 1 (2005).
[7] L. Rushton, Health hazards and waste management, British medical bulletin, 68 (2003) 183-197.
[8] A. Knežević, I. Milovanović, M. Stajić, N. Lončar, I. Brčeski, J. Vukojević, J. Ćilerdžić, Lignin degradation by selected fungal species, Bioresource technology, 138 (2013) 117-123.
[9] K. Stanford, A. Harvey, R. Barbieri, S. Xu, T. Reuter, K. Amoako, L. Selinger, T. McAllister, Heat and desiccation are the predominant factors affecting inactivation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis spores during simulated composting, Journal of applied microbiology, 120 (2016) 90-98.
[10] E. Rudnik, Compostable Polymer Materials, Elsevier Science, (2010) 224.
[11] F. Lei, J. VanderGheynst, The effect of microbial inoculation and pH on microbial community structure changes during composting, Process Biochemistry, 35 (2000) 923-929.
[12] Y. Chen, S. Ma, Y. Li, M. Yan, G. Zeng, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Tan, Microbiological study on bioremediation of 2, 2′, 4, 4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) contaminated soil by agricultural waste composting, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 100 (2016) 9709-9718.
[13] L. Ming, P. Xuya, Z. Youcai, D. Wenchuan, C. Huashuai, L. Guotao, W. Zhengsong, Microbial inoculum with leachate recirculated cultivation for the enhancement of OFMSW composting, Journal of hazardous materials, 153 (2008) 885-891.
[14] P. K. Pandey, V. Vaddella, W. Cao, S. Biswas, C. Chiu, S. Hunter, In-vessel composting system for converting food and green wastes into pathogen free soil amendment for sustainable agriculture, ournal of Cleaner Production, 139 (2016) 407-415.
[15] M. de Bertoldi, The Science of Composting, in, Springer Science & Business Media, (2013) 1452.
[16] Y. Siddiqui, Y. Naidu, A. Ali, Bio-intensive Management of Fungal Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables Utilizing Compost and Compost Teas, Springer, (2015) 307-329.
[17] W. Feng, A. F. Plante, A. K. Aufdenkampe, J. Six, Soil organic matter stability in organo-mineral complexes as a function of increasing C loading, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 69 (2014) 398-405.
[18] K. Jindo, T. Sonoki, K. Matsumoto, L. Canellas, A. Roig, M. A. Sanchez-Monedero, Influence of biochar addition on the humic substances of composting manures, Waste Management, 49 (2016) 545-552.
[19] S. L. Lim, T. Y. Wu, P. N. Lim, K. P. Y. Shak, The use of vermicompost in organic farming: overview, effects on soil and economics, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95 (2015) 1143-1156.
[20] M. M. Kononova, Soil organic matter: Its nature, its role in soil formation and in soil fertility, Elsevier, (2013) 544.
[21] A. Pivato, R. Raga, S. Vanin, M. Rossi, Assessment of compost quality for its environmentally safe use by means of an ecotoxicological test on a soil organism, Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 16 (2014) 763-774.
[22] J. Pichtel, Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial, Second Edition, CRC Press, (2014) 682.
[23] J. P. Verma, D. K. Jaiswal, Book Review: Advances in Biodegradation and Bioremediation of Industrial Waste, Biotreatment systems, Volume II.. 6 (2016) 1555.
[24] M. Van der Perk, Soil and Water Contamination, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, (2013) 428.
[25] W. B. Betts, Biodegradation: natural and synthetic materials, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., (2012).
[26] B. Vinnerås, A. Björklund, H. Jönsson, Thermal composting of faecal matter as treatment and possible disinfection method––laboratory-scale and pilot-scale studies, Bioresource Technology, 88 (2003) 47-54.
[27] A. García-Gómez, M. Bernal, A. Roig, Organic matter fractions involved in degradation and humification processes during composting, Compost science & utilization, 13 (2005) 127-135.
[28] A. V. Barker, G. M. Bryson, Bioremediation of heavy metals and organic toxicants by composting, The Scientific World Journal, 2 (2002) 407-420.
[29] M. Kästner, A. Miltner, Application of compost for effective bioremediation of organic contaminants and pollutants in soil, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100 (2016) 3433-3449.
[30] G. Odukkathil, N. Vasudevan, Toxicity and bioremediation of pesticides in agricultural soil, Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 12 (2013) 421-444.
[31] A. Khalil, M. Beheary, E. Salem, Monitoring of microbial populations and their cellulolytic activities during the composting of municipal solid wastes, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 17 (2001) 155-161.
[32] N. Dixon, U. Langer, Development of a MSW classification system for the evaluation of mechanical properties, Waste management, 26 (2006) 220-232.
[33] M. N. Raju, N. Golla, R. Vengatampalli, Soil Enzymes: Influence of Sugar Industry Effluents on Soil Enzyme Activities, Springer, (2016) 51.
[34] N. Joshi, S. Sharma, G. Kangri, Physico-chemical characterization of sulphidation press mud composted press mud and vermicomposted pressmud, Report and Opinion, 2 (2010) 79-82.
[35] P. Bhosale, S. Chonde, D. Nakade, P. Raut, Studies on Physico-chemical characteristics of Waxed and Dewaxed Pressmud and its effect on Water Holding Capacity of Soil, ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1 (2012) 35-41.
[36] G. R. Conway, E. B. Barbier, After the green revolution: sustainable agriculture for development, Routledge, (2013) 210.
[37] P. Gopalasundaram, A. Bhaskaran, P. Rakkiyappan, Integrated nutrient management in sugarcane, Sugar Tech, 14 (2012) 3-20.
[38] N. Singh, H. Athokpam, K. Devi, N. Chongtham, N. Singh, P. Sharma, S. Dayananda, Effect of farm yard manure and press mud on fertility status of alkaline soil under maize-wheat cropping sequence, African Journal of Agricultural Research, 10 (2015) 2421-2431.
[39] M. Dotaniya, S. Datta, D. Biswas, C. Dotaniya, B. Meena, S. Rajendiran, K. Regar, M. Lata, Use of sugarcane industrial by-products for improving sugarcane productivity and soil health, International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture, 5 (2016) 185-194.
[40] J. B. Jones Jr, Plant Nutrition and Soil Fertility Manual, Second Edition, CRC Press, (2012) 304.
[41] P. Srinivasan, A. K. Sarmah, R. Smernik, O. Das, M. Farid, W. Gao, A feasibility study of agricultural and sewage biomass as biochar, bioenergy and biocomposite feedstock: production, characterization and potential applications, Science of the Total Environment, 512 (2015) 495-505.
[42] D. M. Sylvia, J. J. Fuhrmann, P. Hartel, D. A. Zuberer, Principles and applications of soil microbiology, Pearson Prentice Hall New Jersey, (2005).
[43] I. Van Bogaert, K. Ciesielska, B. Devreese, W. Soetaert, Microbial Synthesis and Application, Biosurfactants: Production and Utilization-Processes, Technologies, and Economics, 159 (2014) 19.
[44] S. T. Yang, H. El-Ensashy, N. Thongchul, Bioprocessing Technologies in Biorefinery for Sustainable Production of Fuels, Chemicals, and Polymers, Wiley, (2013).
[45] M. Kästner, A. Miltner, Application of compost for effective bioremediation of organic contaminants and pollutants in soil, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100 (2016) 3433-3449.
[46] S. Menardo, G. Airoldi, P. Balsari, The effect of particle size and thermal pre-treatment on the methane yield of four agricultural by-products, Bioresource technology, 104 (2012) 708-714.
[47] G. Guerriero, J. F. Hausman, J. Strauss, H. Ertan, K. S. Siddiqui, Lignocellulosic biomass: biosynthesis, degradation, and industrial utilization, Engineering in Life Sciences, 16 (2016) 1-16.
[48] M. K. Chauhan, S. Chaudhary, S. Kumar, Life cycle assessment of sugar industry: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (2011) 3445-3453.
[49] S. Dumitriu, Polysaccharides: Structural Diversity and Functional Versatility, Second Edition, CRC Press, (2004).
[50] K. Reczey, Z. Szengyel, R. Eklund, G. Zacchi, Cellulase production by T. reesei, Bioresource Technology, 57 (1996) 25-30.
[51] Z. Tang, G. Yu, D. Liu, D. Xu, Q. Shen, Different analysis techniques for fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy to assess compost maturity, Chemosphere, 82 (2011) 1202-1208.
[52] J. Van den Brink, R. P. De Vries, Fungal enzyme sets for plant polysaccharide degradation, Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 91 (2011) 1477-1492.
[53] V. K. Gupta, C. P. Kubicek, J.-G. Berrin, D. W. Wilson, M. Couturier, A. Berlin, X. Edivaldo Filho, T. Ezeji, Fungal Enzymes for Bio-Products from Sustainable and Waste Biomass, Trends in biochemical sciences, 41 (2016) 633–645.
[54] T. N. T. A Lah, N. A. R. N. Norulaini, M. Shahadat, H. Nagao, M. S. Hossain, A. M. Omar, Utilization of Industrial Waste for the Production of Cellulase by the Cultivation of Trichoderma via Solid State Fermentation, Environmental Processes, (2016) 1-12.
[55] N. Trivedi, C. Reddy, R. Radulovich, B. Jha, Solid state fermentation (SSF)-derived cellulase for saccharification of the green seaweed Ulva for bioethanol production, Algal Research, 9 (2015) 48-54.
[56] X. Liming, S. Xueliang, High-yield cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei ZU-02 on corn cob residue, Bioresource Technology, 91 (2004) 259-262.
[57] L. Peña, M. Ikenberry, B. Ware, K. L. Hohn, D. Boyle, X. S. Sun, D. Wang, Cellobiose hydrolysis using acid-functionalized nanoparticles, Biotechnology and bioprocess engineering, 16 (2011) 1214-1222.
[58] R. Maheshwari, G. Bharadwaj, M. K. Bhat, Thermophilic fungi: their physiology and enzymes, Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, 64 (2000) 461-488.
[59] T. Panda, V. Bisaria, T. Ghose, Effect of culture phasing and a polysaccharide on production of xylanase by mixed culture of trichoderma reesei D1‐6 and aspergillus wentii Pt 2804, Biotechnology and bioengineering, 30 (1987) 868-874.
[60] J. Pérez, J. Munoz-Dorado, T. De la Rubia, J. Martinez, Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: an overview, International Microbiology, 5 (2002) 53-63.
[61] S. Mishra, V. Sahai, V. S. Bisaria, R. Biswas, G. Gupta, S. Nakra, Xylanases from Thermophilic Fungi: Classification, Structure, and Case Study of Melanocarpus albomyces, Springer, (2013) 795-811.
[62] L. R. Lynd, Y. Zhang, Quantitative determination of cellulase concentration as distinct from cell concentration in studies of microbial cellulose utilization: analytical framework and methodological approach, Biotechnology and bioengineering, 77 (2002) 467-475.
[63] A. Leijdekkers, J. Bink, S. Geutjes, H. Schols, H. Gruppen, Enzymatic saccharification of sugar beet pulp for the production of galacturonic acid and arabinose; a study on the impact of the formation of recalcitrant oligosaccharides, Bioresource technology, 128 (2013) 518-525.
[64] S. Goyal, S. Dhull, K. Kapoor, Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity, Bioresource technology, 96 (2005) 1584-1591.
[65] A. Ghani, U. Sarathchandra, S. Ledgard, M. Dexter, S. Lindsey, Microbial decomposition of leached or extracted dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from pasture soils, Biology and fertility of soils, 49 (2013) 747-755.
[66] E. A. Paul, Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry, Elsevier Science, (2014) 598.
[67] A. S. Kalamdhad, M. Khwairakpam, A. Kazmi, Drum composting of municipal solid waste, Environmental technology, 33 (2012) 299-306.
[68] P. Lechner, C. Heiss-Ziegler, M. Humer, How composting and compost can optimize landfilling, Biocycle, 43 (2002) 31-36.
[69] E. Carmona, M. Moreno, M. Avilés, J. Ordovas, Composting of wine industry wastes and their use as a substrate for growing soilless ornamental plants, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10 (2012) 482-491.
[70] F. Schuchardt, Composting of organic waste, Environmental Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications, (2005) 333-354.
[71] D. K. Maheshwari, Composting for Sustainable Agriculture, in: Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, Springer, (2014) 290.
[72] E. Iglesias Jiménez, V. Perez Garcia, Evaluation of city refuse compost maturity: a review, Biological wastes, 27 (1989) 115-142.
[73] N. Mohammad, M. Z. Alam, N. A. Kabbashi, A. Ahsan, Effective composting of oil palm industrial waste by filamentous fungi: A review, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 58 (2012) 69-78.
[74] J.-Y. Plat, D. Sayag, L. Andre, High-rate composting of wool industry wastes, BioCycle, 25 (1984) 39-42.
[75] J. López-González, F. Suárez-Estrella, M. Vargas-García, M. López, M. Jurado, J. Moreno, Dynamics of bacterial microbiota during lignocellulosic waste composting: studies upon its structure, functionality and biodiversity, Bioresource technology, 175 (2015) 406-416.
[76] O. Verdonck, Composts from organic waste materials as substitutes for the usual horticultural substrates, Biological Wastes, 26 (1988) 325-330.
[77] A. Gaurr, A manual of rural composting FAO/UNDP Regional Project RAS 75/004, Project Field Document, (1995).
[78] F. Shemekite, M. Gómez-Brandón, I. H. Franke-Whittle, B. Praehauser, H. Insam, F. Assefa, Coffee husk composting: an investigation of the process using molecular and non-molecular tools, Waste management, 34 (2014) 642-652.
[79] A. Khalid, M. Arshad, M. Anjum, T. Mahmood, L. Dawson, The anaerobic digestion of solid organic waste, Waste Management, 31 (2011) 1737-1744.
[80] T. O'riordan, Environmental science for environmental management, Routledge, (2014) 538.
[81] J. Webb, S. G. Sommer, T. Kupper, K. Groenestein, N. J. Hutchings, B. Eurich-Menden, L. Rodhe, T. H. Misselbrook, B. Amon, Emissions of ammonia, nitrous oxide and methane during the management of solid manures, Springer, (2012) 67-107.
[82] A. Gandahi, M. Hanafi, Bio-composting Oil Palm Waste for Improvement of Soil Fertility, in: Composting for Sustainable Agriculture, Springer, (2014) 209-243.
[83] A. Demirbas, Waste management, waste resource facilities and waste conversion processes, Energy Conversion and Management, 52 (2011) 1280-1287.
[84] J. Meng, X. Liu, J. Shi, J. Wu, J. M. Xu, Effect of Composting Process of Pig Manure on Phytotoxicity, Springer, (2013) 715-719.
[85] M. Schlegelmilch, J. Streese, W. Biedermann, T. Herold, R. Stegmann, Odour control at biowaste composting facilities, Waste Management, 25 (2005) 917-927.
[86] B. Puyuelo, S. Ponsá, T. Gea, A. Sánchez, Determining C/N ratios for typical organic wastes using biodegradable fractions, Chemosphere, 85 (2011) 653-659.
[87] S. Kanazawa, T. Yamamura, H. Yanagida, H. Kuramoto, New production technique of biohazard-free compost by the hyper-thermal and aerobic fermentation method, Soil Microorganisms (Japan), 57 (2003) 105-114.
[88] S. Kanazawa, Y. Ishikawa, K. Tomita-Yokotani, H. Hashimoto, Y. Kitaya, M. Yamashita, M. Nagatomo, T. Oshima, H. Wada, Space agriculture for habitation on Mars with hyper-thermophilic aerobic composting bacteria, Advances in Space Research, 41 (2008) 696-700.
[89] S. L. Lim, L. H. Lee, T. Y. Wu, Sustainability of using composting and vermicomposting technologies for organic solid waste biotransformation: recent overview, greenhouse gases emissions and economic analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production, 111 (2016) 262-278.
[90] S. Gaind, Effect of fungal consortium and animal manure amendments on phosphorus fractions of paddy-straw compost, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 94 (2014) 90-97.
[91] A. K. Singh, K. Singh, A. Rao, Effect of integrated nitrogen management on sugar and sugarcane productivity, The Journal of Rural and Agricultural Research, 13 (2013) 65-68.
[92] A. Fantaye, A. Fanta, A. M. Melesse, Effect of Filter Press Mud Application on Nutrient Availability in Aquert and Fluvent Soils of Wonji/Shoa Sugarcane Plantation of Ethiopia, in, Springer, (2016) 549-563.
[93] S. Babu, R. Prasanna, N. Bidyarani, L. Nain, Y. S. Shivay, Synergistic action of PGP agents and Rhizobium spp. for improved plant growth, nutrient mobilization and yields in different leguminous crops, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 4 (2015) 456-464.
[94] C. Liang, K. Das, R. McClendon, The influence of temperature and moisture contents regimes on the aerobic microbial activity of a biosolids composting blend, Bioresource Technology, 86 (2003) 131-137.
[95] G. Zayed, H. Abdel-Motaal, Bio-production of compost with low pH and high soluble phosphorus from sugar cane bagasse enriched with rock phosphate, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 21 (2005) 747-752.
[96] M. K. Awasthi, A. K. Pandey, J. Khan, P. S. Bundela, J. W. Wong, A. Selvam, Evaluation of thermophilic fungal consortium for organic municipal solid waste composting, Bioresource technology, (2014).
Author Information
  • Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga, Hassan 1st University, Khouribga, Morocco; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco; Laboratory of Life Science and Earth (SVT), Regional Centres for the Professions of Education and Training (CRMEF), El Jadida, Morocco

  • Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Youssef Salama, Mohammed Chennaoui, Mohammed El Amraoui, Mohammed Mountadar. (2017). A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 1(1), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Youssef Salama; Mohammed Chennaoui; Mohammed El Amraoui; Mohammed Mountadar. A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 1(1), 24-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Youssef Salama, Mohammed Chennaoui, Mohammed El Amraoui, Mohammed Mountadar. A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2017;1(1):24-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14,
      author = {Youssef Salama and Mohammed Chennaoui and Mohammed El Amraoui and Mohammed Mountadar},
      title = {A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste},
      journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
      volume = {1},
      number = {1},
      pages = {24-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20160101.14},
      abstract = {Morocco is one of the largest growers of sugarcane with an estimated produced of around 500.000 tons in the marketing year 2014 due to the increase in the area sown sugar beet who spent 35,000 ha during the campaign 2012-2013 53,000 ha for 2013-2015 campaign. Composting is an efficient method of waste disposal, enabling recycling of organic matter. Composting is one of the most promising technologies for solid waste treatment. The organic substrates in solid waste can be biodegraded and stabilized by composting and the final compost products could be applied to land as the fertilizer or soil conditioner. The present review paper deals with the following topics: Composting, Composting of pollutants and various industrial wastes, Physical and chemical nature of raw pressmud, Biochemical changes during composting, Microbial enzymes and composting, Factors controlling composting and Characteristics of the compost and its application in agriculture.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Review of Compost Produced from Biological Wastes: Sugarcane Industry Waste
    AU  - Youssef Salama
    AU  - Mohammed Chennaoui
    AU  - Mohammed El Amraoui
    AU  - Mohammed Mountadar
    Y1  - 2017/01/07
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14
    T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
    JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
    JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
    SP  - 24
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20160101.14
    AB  - Morocco is one of the largest growers of sugarcane with an estimated produced of around 500.000 tons in the marketing year 2014 due to the increase in the area sown sugar beet who spent 35,000 ha during the campaign 2012-2013 53,000 ha for 2013-2015 campaign. Composting is an efficient method of waste disposal, enabling recycling of organic matter. Composting is one of the most promising technologies for solid waste treatment. The organic substrates in solid waste can be biodegraded and stabilized by composting and the final compost products could be applied to land as the fertilizer or soil conditioner. The present review paper deals with the following topics: Composting, Composting of pollutants and various industrial wastes, Physical and chemical nature of raw pressmud, Biochemical changes during composting, Microbial enzymes and composting, Factors controlling composting and Characteristics of the compost and its application in agriculture.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections