American Journal of Physics and Applications

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Development and Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Quantification of Carbon in Steel within UV/Visible Region

Received: 26 October 2014    Accepted: 04 November 2014    Published: 10 November 2014
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Abstract

A simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is investigated for the rapid detection of sufficient amount of the light element carbon. The plasma investigated was generated by focusing the fundamental radiation at 1064 nm of Nd:YAG laser onto low alloy steel target. The radiation emitted from the plasma was dispersed and recorded by an echelle spectrograph combined with a time-gated EMCCD detection system. Based on an extensive survey procedure, a well-resolved relatively-intense neutral carbon spectral line at 396.14 nm was selected, verified and used in all measurements. In addition, optimization of the main experimental parameters, namely laser energy and delay-time for integration of the detector was carried out. Furthermore, the analytical calibration curve for carbon, using a series of low-alloy steel standards, was constructed and corresponding analytical figures of merit were evaluated.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11
Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014)
Page(s) 113-117
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS, Quantification, Carbon, Steel, UV/Visible

References
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[2] ASM Handbook Volume 01: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys; Publisher: ASM; Publication Date: 1990.
[3] M A Khater, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Light Elements Detection in Steel: State of the Art (invited review), Spectrochim. Acta Part B 81 (2013) 1–10.
[4] Y. Ishibashi, Rapid Analysis of Steel by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry with Laser Ablation Solid Sampling, ISIJ Int. 37 (1997) 885891.
[5] F. De Lucia, Jr., J. Gottfried, A. Miziolek, Analysis of Carbon and Sulfur in Steel Samples Using Bench Top Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), General Books LLC, 2011.
[6] J. Aguilera, C. Aragon, J. Campos, Determination of Carbon Content in Steel Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Appl. Spectrosc. 46 (1992) 1382–1387.
[7] R. Sattmann, V. Sturm, R. Noll, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy of Steel Samples Using Multiple Q-Switch Nd:YAG Laser Pulses, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 28 (1995) 21812187.
[8] A. Gonzalez, M. Ortiz, and J. Campos, Determination of Sulfur Content in Steel by Laser-Produced Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Appl. Spectrosc. 49 (1995) 1632–1635.
[9] V. Sturm, L. Peter, R. Noll, Steel Analysis with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Appl. Spectrosc. 54 (2000) 1275–1278.
[10] M. Khater, P. van Kampen, J. Costello, J-P. Mosnier, E. Kennedy, Time-integrated laser-induced plasma spectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet for the quantitative elemental characterization of steel alloys, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 (2000) 2252–2262.
[11] M. Hemmerlin, R. Meilland, H. Falk, P. Wintjens, L. Paulard, Application of Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry for Steel Analysis  Comparison with Spark-Optical Emission Spectrometry Figures of Merit. Spectrochim. Acta B 56 (2001), 661669.
[12] M. Khater, J. Costello, E. Kennedy, Optimization of the Emission Characteristics of Laser-Produced Steel Plasmas in the Vacuum Ultraviolet: Significant Improvements in Carbon Detection Limits, Appl. Spectrosc. 56 (2002) 970–983.
[13] L. Peter, V. Sturm, R. Noll, Liquid Steel Analysis with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Appl. Opt. 42 (2003) 6199–6204.
[14] I. Radivojevic, C. Haisch, R. Niessner, S. Florek, H. Becker-Ross, U. Panne, Microanalysis by Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 1648–1656.
[15] M. Khater, Application of Laser-ablated Plasmas to Compositional Analysis of Steel in the Vacuum Ultraviolet, J. Kor. Phys. Soc. 58 (2011) 1581–1586.
[16] M. Khater, Spatial characteristics of vacuum UV emission from laser–induced plumes in air, Appl. Surf. Sci. 286 (2013) 156–160.
[17] D. Hahn, N. Omenetto, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Part II: Review of Instrumental and Methodological Approaches to Material Analysis and Applications to Different Fields, Appl. Spectrosc. 66 (2012) 347–419.
[18] R. Noll, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications, first ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2012.
Author Information
  • Physics department, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 22611 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Mathematics department, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 22611 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Physics department, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 22611 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Physics department, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 22611 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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  • APA Style

    Mohamed A. Khater, Mohammed M. Babatin, Ali M. Eid, Abdulaziz S. Alaamer. (2014). Development and Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Quantification of Carbon in Steel within UV/Visible Region. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 2(6), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11

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    ACS Style

    Mohamed A. Khater; Mohammed M. Babatin; Ali M. Eid; Abdulaziz S. Alaamer. Development and Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Quantification of Carbon in Steel within UV/Visible Region. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2014, 2(6), 113-117. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11

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    AMA Style

    Mohamed A. Khater, Mohammed M. Babatin, Ali M. Eid, Abdulaziz S. Alaamer. Development and Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Quantification of Carbon in Steel within UV/Visible Region. Am J Phys Appl. 2014;2(6):113-117. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11,
      author = {Mohamed A. Khater and Mohammed M. Babatin and Ali M. Eid and Abdulaziz S. Alaamer},
      title = {Development and Optimization of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for Quantification of Carbon in Steel within UV/Visible Region},
      journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
      volume = {2},
      number = {6},
      pages = {113-117},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20140206.11},
      abstract = {A simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is investigated for the rapid detection of sufficient amount of the light element carbon. The plasma investigated was generated by focusing the fundamental radiation at 1064 nm of Nd:YAG laser onto low alloy steel target. The radiation emitted from the plasma was dispersed and recorded by an echelle spectrograph combined with a time-gated EMCCD detection system. Based on an extensive survey procedure, a well-resolved relatively-intense neutral carbon spectral line at 396.14 nm was selected, verified and used in all measurements. In addition, optimization of the main experimental parameters, namely laser energy and delay-time for integration of the detector was carried out. Furthermore, the analytical calibration curve for carbon, using a series of low-alloy steel standards, was constructed and corresponding analytical figures of merit were evaluated.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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    AU  - Mohamed A. Khater
    AU  - Mohammed M. Babatin
    AU  - Ali M. Eid
    AU  - Abdulaziz S. Alaamer
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    JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
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    EP  - 117
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20140206.11
    AB  - A simple bench-top laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is investigated for the rapid detection of sufficient amount of the light element carbon. The plasma investigated was generated by focusing the fundamental radiation at 1064 nm of Nd:YAG laser onto low alloy steel target. The radiation emitted from the plasma was dispersed and recorded by an echelle spectrograph combined with a time-gated EMCCD detection system. Based on an extensive survey procedure, a well-resolved relatively-intense neutral carbon spectral line at 396.14 nm was selected, verified and used in all measurements. In addition, optimization of the main experimental parameters, namely laser energy and delay-time for integration of the detector was carried out. Furthermore, the analytical calibration curve for carbon, using a series of low-alloy steel standards, was constructed and corresponding analytical figures of merit were evaluated.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 6
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