| Peer-Reviewed

Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces

Received: 5 March 2015    Accepted: 22 March 2015    Published: 31 March 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

This is a unique article that expresses the idea of unification theory and unification of basic forces. Depending on the truth that ‘every particle feels the force of gravity according to its mass or energy’ (Hawking, 1996) and spherical N-dimension of geometry by Riemann, it is observed how gravitation as a long range virtual particle spherically interacts with short range forces lying in inertia of mass in the earth and the other planets and form unified force to control the universe with spherical motion. Without mutual interaction of the four basic forces, gravitation and unified force is impossible. Unified force creates spherical geometry that incorporates two dimensional, three dimensional, four dimensional and curved geometry by single dimension. As ‘unified theory that would include all these partial theories (Hawking, 1996), so it can describe all physical laws. The basic forces are virtual but the reactions are visible as the planets have spherical movement etc. (Vide: Different sections of the article).

Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12
Page(s) 69-76
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Unification Theory, Unified Force, Spherical Motion, N-Dimensions, Single Dimension

References
[1] Biswas, M. H. A. (2010). “Mathematics and Physics of Collapsing Stars”, ISBN: 978-3-6392-2132-9, VDM Verlag, Germany.
[2] Biswas, M. H. A. (2007). Black Holes: The Ultimate Fate of the Collapsing Stars. Khulna University Studies, 8(1): 143—150.
[3] Biswas, M. H. A., Azad, M. A. K. and Ansary, M. A. (2009). Calculation of Mass Energy Density for a Collapsing Dust Sphere. Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 3(2): 265—277.
[4] Biswas, M. H. A. and Haque, T. F. (2009). The Relativistic Acceleration Relations Based on Force Transformation. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(2): 229—239.
[5] Biswas, M. H. A., Jahan, S. S., Asaduzzaman, C. M., Kamruzzaman, M. and Rahman, M. A. (2011). Solution and Singularity Analysis of Einstein’s Equation to the Gravitational Field of Mass Point. Mathematical Forum, Vol. XXIII, 2010—2011, September 2011.
[6] Biswas, M. H. A., Jahan, S. S., Asaduzzaman, C. M. and Kamruzzaman, M. (2008a). Exact solution of Einstein’s equation to the gravitational field of mass point in polar coordinates and the singularity analysis of the solution. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 1(1): 29—38.
[7] Biswas, M. H. A., Mollick, U. K., Pervin, S. and Islam, A. (2008b). Curvature Invariants of Spherically Symmetric Schwarzschild Solution without Cosmological Constant. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(1): 16—31.
[8] Born, M. (1962). “Einstein’s Theory of Relativity”, Dover Publications Inc., New York.
[9] Calder, N. (1978). “Einstein’s Universe”, Penguin Group, 27 Wright Lane, London, England, UK.
[10] Fauvel, J. et. al. (1988). “Let Newton Be”, Oxford University Press, U. K.
[11] Good, R.H. (1974). “Basic Concepts of Relativity”, East-West Edition, New Delhi, India.
[12] Goldstein, A. M. (1999). “A Dictionary of Physics”, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
[13] Haque, T. F. and Biswas, M. H. A. (2010). “Relativistic Acceleration Relations Based on Force Transformations”, ISBN: 978-3-8383-4957-2, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.
[14] Hawking, S.W. (1996). “A Brief History of Time”, Bantam Books, New York.
[15] Hawking, S. W. (2007). “The Essential Einstein: His Greatest Works”, Penguin Books, London, U.K.
[16] Hawking, S. W. (1993). “Black Holes And Baby Universes and Other Essays”, Bantam Books, New York.
[17] Prakash, S. (1990). “Relativistic Mechanics”, Pragati Prakashan, Meerut, India.
[18] Strathern, P. (1997). “Einstein and Relativity”, Arrow Books, UK.
[19] Synge, J. L. and Schild, A. (1978). “Tensor Calculus”, p. 96, Dover Publications Inc. New York, 1978.
[20] Tajuddin, M. (2014). “Einstein: Unification of Basic Forces” (in Bengali), Mau Publication, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
[21] Tajuddin, Biswas, M. H. A. and Uddin, M. S. (2007). New Aspects of Principle of Equivalence. Acta Ciencia Indica, Vol. XXXIV M, No. 4, pp. 1931—1939.
[22] Tajuddin, Biswas, M. H. A. and Islam, A. (2008). Review of the Theory of Relativity. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(1): 32—39.
[23] Tajuddin and Biswas, M. H. A. (2005). Unification of the Theory of Albert Einstein by Cyclic Theory, Asian J. Inform. Tech., 4(10): 962-970.
[24] White, M. and Gribben, J. (2005). “A Life of Science: Einstein”, p. 249, The Free Press, London, UK.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    M. Tajuddin, Md. Haider Ali Biswas. (2015). Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 3(3), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    M. Tajuddin; Md. Haider Ali Biswas. Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2015, 3(3), 69-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    M. Tajuddin, Md. Haider Ali Biswas. Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces. Am J Phys Appl. 2015;3(3):69-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12,
      author = {M. Tajuddin and Md. Haider Ali Biswas},
      title = {Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces},
      journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {69-76},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20150303.12},
      abstract = {This is a unique article that expresses the idea of unification theory and unification of basic forces. Depending on the truth that ‘every particle feels the force of gravity according to its mass or energy’ (Hawking, 1996) and spherical N-dimension of geometry by Riemann, it is observed how gravitation as a long range virtual particle spherically interacts with short range forces lying in inertia of mass in the earth and the other planets and form unified force to control the universe with spherical motion. Without mutual interaction of the four basic forces, gravitation and unified force is impossible. Unified force creates spherical geometry that incorporates two dimensional, three dimensional, four dimensional and curved geometry by single dimension. As ‘unified theory that would include all these partial theories (Hawking, 1996), so it can describe all physical laws. The basic forces are virtual but the reactions are visible as the planets have spherical movement etc. (Vide: Different sections of the article).},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Einstein: Unification Theory and Unification of Basic Forces
    AU  - M. Tajuddin
    AU  - Md. Haider Ali Biswas
    Y1  - 2015/03/31
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12
    T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
    JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
    SP  - 69
    EP  - 76
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-4308
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20150303.12
    AB  - This is a unique article that expresses the idea of unification theory and unification of basic forces. Depending on the truth that ‘every particle feels the force of gravity according to its mass or energy’ (Hawking, 1996) and spherical N-dimension of geometry by Riemann, it is observed how gravitation as a long range virtual particle spherically interacts with short range forces lying in inertia of mass in the earth and the other planets and form unified force to control the universe with spherical motion. Without mutual interaction of the four basic forces, gravitation and unified force is impossible. Unified force creates spherical geometry that incorporates two dimensional, three dimensional, four dimensional and curved geometry by single dimension. As ‘unified theory that would include all these partial theories (Hawking, 1996), so it can describe all physical laws. The basic forces are virtual but the reactions are visible as the planets have spherical movement etc. (Vide: Different sections of the article).
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Directorate of Primary Education, Ministry of Pry. Education, Dhaka, Bangladesh

  • Mathematics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh

  • Sections