Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Ndubueze Richard Uchenna

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 1)

Received: 25 December 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 February 2014

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern. The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.

Published in	European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adult Hypertension, Nigeria, Pre-Diabetes, Primary Care Clinic

References

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Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. (2014). Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2014, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2014;2(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11,
  author = {Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh and Ndubueze Richard Uchenna},
  title = {Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  abstract = {Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria
AU  - Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh
AU  - Ndubueze Richard Uchenna
Y1  - 2014/02/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
AB  - Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh

Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Ndubueze Richard Uchenna

Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria

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Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. (2014). Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2014, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2014;2(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11,
  author = {Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh and Ndubueze Richard Uchenna},
  title = {Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20140201.11},
  abstract = {Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria
AU  - Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh
AU  - Ndubueze Richard Uchenna
Y1  - 2014/02/20
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
AB  - Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
ER  -

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