European Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns

Received: 18 May 2015    Accepted: 25 May 2015    Published: 08 June 2015
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Abstract

Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control. The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.

DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015)
Page(s) 80-84
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multiple Dose Vaccination Strategies, Measles Vaccine Failures, Measles Cases Aged 60-119 Months

References
[1] Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya. Impact of multiple dose measles vaccination on measles transmission patterns in Gweru, Zimbabwe. J Tropical Peds, 2001; 47:335-338.
[2] Expanded Programme on Immunization. Measles control in the 1990s: Plan for action for global measles control, 1992; WHO/EPI/GEN/92.3.
[3] Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization. Immunization Policy Expanded Programme on Immunization, 1995; WHO/EPI/GEN/95.3.
[4] Kambarami RA, Nathoo KJ, Nkrumah FK, Pirie GJ. Measles epidemic in Harare, Zimbabwe, despite high measles immunization coverage rates B World Health Organ, 1991; 69: 213-219.
[5] Chen TR, Weierbach R, Bissofi Z, Cutts F, et al. A “post honeymoon period’ measles outbreak in Muyinga sector, Burundi. Int J Epidemiol, 1994; 23: 185-193.
[6] Cutts F. Expanded Programme on Immunization – Measles control in the 1990s: Principles for next decade. 1990; WHO/EPI/GEN/90.2.
[7] Coetzee N, Hussey GD, Visser G, Barron P, Keen A. The 1992 measles epidemic in Cape Town – a changing epidemiological pattern S African Med J, 1994; 84:145-149.
[8] Marufu T, Siziya S, Manyame B, Xaba E et al. Questioning the level of efficacy of the measles vaccine that is in use in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med, 1995; 41: 241-245.
[9] Expanded Programme on Immunization. Global measles strategy picks up pace. EPI Newsletter, June 1994; 16:3.
[10] Marufu T, Siziya S, Tshimanga S, Murugasampillay S, Mason E. Comparison of protection afforded by single measles vaccination and late revaccination schedules. E Afr Med J, 1997; 74: 777-779.
[11] Rosenthal SR, Clemens CJ. Two-dose measles vaccination schedules. B World Health Organ, 1993; 71:421-428.
[12] Global Programme for Vaccines. Measles control in the 1990s: Final draft report for of GPV/CVI informal consultation on strategies to accelerate global measles control. Washington DC 27-28 April 1994.
[13] Najwa A Khuri-Bulos. Measles in Jordan: a prototype of problems with measles in developing countries. Ped Infect Dis J, 1997; 14: 22-26.
Author Information
  • Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

  • Department of Clinical Sciences, Copperbelt University School of Medicine, Ndola, Zambia

  • Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe

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    Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. (2015). Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 3(3), 80-84. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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    Tawanda Marufu; Seter Siziya; Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2015, 3(3), 80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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    AMA Style

    Tawanda Marufu, Seter Siziya, Willard Tinago. Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns. Eur J Prev Med. 2015;3(3):80-84. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18,
      author = {Tawanda Marufu and Seter Siziya and Willard Tinago},
      title = {Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {80-84},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20150303.18},
      abstract = {Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control.  The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparison of Impact of Single Dose and Multiple Dose Measles Vaccination Strategies on Measles Transmission Patterns
    AU  - Tawanda Marufu
    AU  - Seter Siziya
    AU  - Willard Tinago
    Y1  - 2015/06/08
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 80
    EP  - 84
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20150303.18
    AB  - Background: Multiple dose measles vaccination intervention was applied in Gweru City, Zimbabwe, in 1990-96, following a single dose applied at 9 months of age during 1983-89. In the same periods in Bulawayo, only a single dose of measles vaccine was applied to children at 9 months of age. This study investigated the impact on measles transmission patterns of multiple dose measles vaccination strategy. Study design: Quasi-experimental community intervention applied in Gweru city with Bulawayo city as a control.  The intervention included a single mass vaccination campaign carried out in1990 targeted at children aged 12-119 months irrespective of their vaccination status or disease history. Children born after 1990 were vaccinated at 9 months of age plus another single dose applied at any point between ages of 12 and 23 months (revaccination). Subjects: Measles cases were identified in both cities through surveillance. Results: Mean coverage rates for measles vaccine applied at 9 months of age were in 1983-89 85.7% and 84.6% in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively, while in 1990-96 they were 89.0% and 89.7%, respectively. In both periods the vaccine coverage rates were not significantly different in the two cities (p=0.464). In the 12-23 months age group, Gweru measles vaccination coverage rate in 1990 was 83% for single dose and 82.4% for second dose in 1990-96. Measles incidence rates in 1983-89 in both cities significantly declined and were not significantly different (p=0.898). Median incidence rates of measles in1990-96 were 131.0 and 19.0/100 000 population in Bulawayo and Gweru respectively and these were significantly different (p= 0.021). Bulawayo had measles epidemics in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1996. In Bulawayo in 1993-96 vaccinated measles cases accounted for a median of 58% of all reported cases aged 10-119 months. Median incidence rates of measles among vaccine failures aged 10-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 419.1 and 13.1/100 000 population respectively and these incidence rates were significantly different (p= 0.021). In Bulawayo in 1993-96 cases aged 60-119 months accounted for a median of 56.5 % of all reported cases. Median incidence rates of measles among cases aged 60-119 months in 1993-96 in Bulawayo and Gweru were 869.9 and 26.9/100 000 population respectively and these rates were significantly different (p=0.021). Conclusion: Multiple dose vaccination strategies led to significantly reduced measles transmission in Gweru (compared to Bulawayo) in 1990-1996 by minimizing occurrence of vaccine failures and occurrence of cases in older children aged 60-119 months.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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