Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations

Alexander Kharibegashvili

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations

Alexander Kharibegashvili

Published in American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 23 April 2020 Accepted: 12 June 2020 Published: 4 July 2020

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Abstract

In the article, in light of the hypothesis about the pathogenesis of epilepsy the author considers certain clinical manifestations of epilepsy, touches upon the neurochemistry of behavior, as well as neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. According to the hypothesis, in epileptic patients, epileptogenic substances are permanently accumulating in the brain, which in the course of epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic changes requiring their removal from the organism. When the concentration of epileptogenic substances in the brain reaches a threshold value, they cause a seizure, and in lower concentrations, they cause epileptic activity typical for the interictal period. In the context of this hypothesis, there are discussed the clinical signs of epilepsy such as forced normalization, reinforcement epilepsy activity during the sleep deprivation and one of the paradoxical effect of antiepileptic drugs such as phenomen when antiepileptic drugs prescribed cause an improvement of the electroencephalographic image but the clinical deterioration and increasing frequency of seizures, and the change of antiepileptic drugs give us the opposite results: improvement of the clinical picture and the deterioration of the electroencephalographic image. According to the supplemented hypothesis, epileptogenic substances, except that, during epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic transformations necessary for their removal from the body; there are also alternative transformation neurochemical pathways necessary for their further removal (elimination) from the organism. The hypothesis discusses the modern principles of epilepsy treatment. It was proposed to call the phenomenon “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation” when the anti-epileptic drugs are associated with the improved electroencephalographic pattern, but with the deterioration of the clinic and frequent seizures, and the drug change leads to the opposite—the improvement of the clinical picture and the EEG deterioration. Forced normalization is considered as one of the manifestations of epilepsy aggravation and “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation”. When reviewing biological antagonism of schizophrenia and epilepsy the author suggests a hypothesis that if an area of the brain producing epileptogenic substances and an area of the brain producing endogenic psychogenic substances causing psychopathology coexist simultaneously, then, in the event of a generalized convulsive seizure involving the brain in full, epileptogenic as well as psychogenic substances are released. At the same time epilepsy is demonstrated, while schizophrenia is not. The same could be the mechanism of therapeutic activity (effect) of electroconvulsive therapy.

Published in	American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
Page(s)	33-39
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Epilepsy, Neuro Mediators, Forced Normalization of Electroencephalogram Image, Aggravation, Hypothesis, Biological Antagonism of Schizophrenia and Epilepsy, Behavior

References

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Alexander Kharibegashvili. (2020). Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 8(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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Alexander Kharibegashvili. Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020, 8(2), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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AMA Style

Alexander Kharibegashvili. Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020;8(2):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13,
  author = {Alexander Kharibegashvili},
  title = {Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {33-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  abstract = {In the article, in light of the hypothesis about the pathogenesis of epilepsy the author considers certain clinical manifestations of epilepsy, touches upon the neurochemistry of behavior, as well as neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. According to the hypothesis, in epileptic patients, epileptogenic substances are permanently accumulating in the brain, which in the course of epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic changes requiring their removal from the organism. When the concentration of epileptogenic substances in the brain reaches a threshold value, they cause a seizure, and in lower concentrations, they cause epileptic activity typical for the interictal period. In the context of this hypothesis, there are discussed the clinical signs of epilepsy such as forced normalization, reinforcement epilepsy activity during the sleep deprivation and one of the paradoxical effect of antiepileptic drugs such as phenomen when antiepileptic drugs prescribed cause an improvement of the electroencephalographic image but the clinical deterioration and increasing frequency of seizures, and the change of antiepileptic drugs give us the opposite results: improvement of the clinical picture and the deterioration of the electroencephalographic image. According to the supplemented hypothesis, epileptogenic substances, except that, during epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic transformations necessary for their removal from the body; there are also alternative transformation neurochemical pathways necessary for their further removal (elimination) from the organism. The hypothesis discusses the modern principles of epilepsy treatment. It was proposed to call the phenomenon “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation” when the anti-epileptic drugs are associated with the improved electroencephalographic pattern, but with the deterioration of the clinic and frequent seizures, and the drug change leads to the opposite—the improvement of the clinical picture and the EEG deterioration. Forced normalization is considered as one of the manifestations of epilepsy aggravation and “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation”. When reviewing biological antagonism of schizophrenia and epilepsy the author suggests a hypothesis that if an area of the brain producing epileptogenic substances and an area of the brain producing endogenic psychogenic substances causing psychopathology coexist simultaneously, then, in the event of a generalized convulsive seizure involving the brain in full, epileptogenic as well as psychogenic substances are released. At the same time epilepsy is demonstrated, while schizophrenia is not. The same could be the mechanism of therapeutic activity (effect) of electroconvulsive therapy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations
AU  - Alexander Kharibegashvili
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 33
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
AB  - In the article, in light of the hypothesis about the pathogenesis of epilepsy the author considers certain clinical manifestations of epilepsy, touches upon the neurochemistry of behavior, as well as neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. According to the hypothesis, in epileptic patients, epileptogenic substances are permanently accumulating in the brain, which in the course of epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic changes requiring their removal from the organism. When the concentration of epileptogenic substances in the brain reaches a threshold value, they cause a seizure, and in lower concentrations, they cause epileptic activity typical for the interictal period. In the context of this hypothesis, there are discussed the clinical signs of epilepsy such as forced normalization, reinforcement epilepsy activity during the sleep deprivation and one of the paradoxical effect of antiepileptic drugs such as phenomen when antiepileptic drugs prescribed cause an improvement of the electroencephalographic image but the clinical deterioration and increasing frequency of seizures, and the change of antiepileptic drugs give us the opposite results: improvement of the clinical picture and the deterioration of the electroencephalographic image. According to the supplemented hypothesis, epileptogenic substances, except that, during epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic transformations necessary for their removal from the body; there are also alternative transformation neurochemical pathways necessary for their further removal (elimination) from the organism. The hypothesis discusses the modern principles of epilepsy treatment. It was proposed to call the phenomenon “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation” when the anti-epileptic drugs are associated with the improved electroencephalographic pattern, but with the deterioration of the clinic and frequent seizures, and the drug change leads to the opposite—the improvement of the clinical picture and the EEG deterioration. Forced normalization is considered as one of the manifestations of epilepsy aggravation and “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation”. When reviewing biological antagonism of schizophrenia and epilepsy the author suggests a hypothesis that if an area of the brain producing epileptogenic substances and an area of the brain producing endogenic psychogenic substances causing psychopathology coexist simultaneously, then, in the event of a generalized convulsive seizure involving the brain in full, epileptogenic as well as psychogenic substances are released. At the same time epilepsy is demonstrated, while schizophrenia is not. The same could be the mechanism of therapeutic activity (effect) of electroconvulsive therapy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Alexander Kharibegashvili

Telavi District Hospital, Telavi State University, Telavi, Georgia

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Alexander Kharibegashvili. (2020). Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 8(2), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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Alexander Kharibegashvili. Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. Am. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020, 8(2), 33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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AMA Style

Alexander Kharibegashvili. Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations. Am J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2020;8(2):33-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13,
  author = {Alexander Kharibegashvili},
  title = {Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations},
  journal = {American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {33-39},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpn.20200802.13},
  abstract = {In the article, in light of the hypothesis about the pathogenesis of epilepsy the author considers certain clinical manifestations of epilepsy, touches upon the neurochemistry of behavior, as well as neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. According to the hypothesis, in epileptic patients, epileptogenic substances are permanently accumulating in the brain, which in the course of epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic changes requiring their removal from the organism. When the concentration of epileptogenic substances in the brain reaches a threshold value, they cause a seizure, and in lower concentrations, they cause epileptic activity typical for the interictal period. In the context of this hypothesis, there are discussed the clinical signs of epilepsy such as forced normalization, reinforcement epilepsy activity during the sleep deprivation and one of the paradoxical effect of antiepileptic drugs such as phenomen when antiepileptic drugs prescribed cause an improvement of the electroencephalographic image but the clinical deterioration and increasing frequency of seizures, and the change of antiepileptic drugs give us the opposite results: improvement of the clinical picture and the deterioration of the electroencephalographic image. According to the supplemented hypothesis, epileptogenic substances, except that, during epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic transformations necessary for their removal from the body; there are also alternative transformation neurochemical pathways necessary for their further removal (elimination) from the organism. The hypothesis discusses the modern principles of epilepsy treatment. It was proposed to call the phenomenon “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation” when the anti-epileptic drugs are associated with the improved electroencephalographic pattern, but with the deterioration of the clinic and frequent seizures, and the drug change leads to the opposite—the improvement of the clinical picture and the EEG deterioration. Forced normalization is considered as one of the manifestations of epilepsy aggravation and “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation”. When reviewing biological antagonism of schizophrenia and epilepsy the author suggests a hypothesis that if an area of the brain producing epileptogenic substances and an area of the brain producing endogenic psychogenic substances causing psychopathology coexist simultaneously, then, in the event of a generalized convulsive seizure involving the brain in full, epileptogenic as well as psychogenic substances are released. At the same time epilepsy is demonstrated, while schizophrenia is not. The same could be the mechanism of therapeutic activity (effect) of electroconvulsive therapy.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Neurochemical Theory of Epilepsy Pathogenesis in It's Neurological and Mental Manifestations
AU  - Alexander Kharibegashvili
Y1  - 2020/07/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
T2  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JF  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
JO  - American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
SP  - 33
EP  - 39
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-426X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20200802.13
AB  - In the article, in light of the hypothesis about the pathogenesis of epilepsy the author considers certain clinical manifestations of epilepsy, touches upon the neurochemistry of behavior, as well as neurotransmitter hypothesis of schizophrenia. According to the hypothesis, in epileptic patients, epileptogenic substances are permanently accumulating in the brain, which in the course of epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic changes requiring their removal from the organism. When the concentration of epileptogenic substances in the brain reaches a threshold value, they cause a seizure, and in lower concentrations, they cause epileptic activity typical for the interictal period. In the context of this hypothesis, there are discussed the clinical signs of epilepsy such as forced normalization, reinforcement epilepsy activity during the sleep deprivation and one of the paradoxical effect of antiepileptic drugs such as phenomen when antiepileptic drugs prescribed cause an improvement of the electroencephalographic image but the clinical deterioration and increasing frequency of seizures, and the change of antiepileptic drugs give us the opposite results: improvement of the clinical picture and the deterioration of the electroencephalographic image. According to the supplemented hypothesis, epileptogenic substances, except that, during epileptic activity in the brain undergo metabolic transformations necessary for their removal from the body; there are also alternative transformation neurochemical pathways necessary for their further removal (elimination) from the organism. The hypothesis discusses the modern principles of epilepsy treatment. It was proposed to call the phenomenon “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation” when the anti-epileptic drugs are associated with the improved electroencephalographic pattern, but with the deterioration of the clinic and frequent seizures, and the drug change leads to the opposite—the improvement of the clinical picture and the EEG deterioration. Forced normalization is considered as one of the manifestations of epilepsy aggravation and “clinical-electroencephalographic dissociation”. When reviewing biological antagonism of schizophrenia and epilepsy the author suggests a hypothesis that if an area of the brain producing epileptogenic substances and an area of the brain producing endogenic psychogenic substances causing psychopathology coexist simultaneously, then, in the event of a generalized convulsive seizure involving the brain in full, epileptogenic as well as psychogenic substances are released. At the same time epilepsy is demonstrated, while schizophrenia is not. The same could be the mechanism of therapeutic activity (effect) of electroconvulsive therapy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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