American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences

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Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan

Received: 23 October 2016    Accepted: 17 December 2016    Published: 20 December 2016
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Abstract

Esophageal varices develop in more than one third in patients with liver cirrhosis with a high rate of mortality due to bleeding, We aimed to study predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices in Sudan. This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center in Sudan, during the period March-September 2007. The record of 236 patients with bleeding esophageal varices was reviewed for: Demographic data, the presence of jaundice, fever, ascites, splenomegaly, and splenectomy full blood count, liver function tests, ultrasonographic report, endoscopic finding. Ethical clearance was obtained from both ethical committees of Sudan Medical Specialization Board, and the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center. Out of 236 patients their age ranged from 18-79 years with a mean of 52.1±14.3, male dominance was apparent (80%). The majority were from Gazera region (62.3%). Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were found to predict esophageal variceal bleeding P-value <0.05, while fever and splenectomy were not P-value > 0.05. Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14
Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016)
Page(s) 103-106
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Predictors, Bleeding, Varices, Sudan

References
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[2] Groszmann RJ, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J, Grace ND, Burroughs AK, Planas R, et al. Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophagealvarices in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 225.
[3] D’Amico G, De Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post-therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003; 38: 599–612.
[4] Carbonell N, Pauwels A, Serfaty L, Fourdon O, Levy VG, Poupon R. Improved survival after variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis over the past two decades. Hepatology. 2004; 40: 652–9.
[5] García-Pagán JC, Gracia-Sancho J, Bosch J. Functional aspects on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2012; 57: 458.
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[10] Pinzani M, Rosselli M, Zuckermann M. Liver cirrhosis. Best Pract Res ClinGastroenterol 2011; 25: 281.
[11] Manohar TP, Patil V, Salkar HR. Combination of non-endoscopic parameters as predictors of large esophageal varices. Trop Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul-Sep; 35 (3): 173-9.
[12] Chofle AA, Jaka H, Koy M, Smart LR, Kabangila R, Ewings FM, Mazigo HD, Johnson WD Jr, Fitzgerald DW, Peck RN, Downs JA. Oesophageal varices, schistosomiasis, and mortality among patients admitted with haematemesis in Mwanza, Tanzania: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2014 Jun 3; 14: 303. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-303
[13] Eltoum IA, Taha TE, Saad AM, Suliman SM, Bennett JL, Nash TE, Homeida MM. Predictors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with schistosomal periportal fibrosis. Br J Surg. 1994 Jul; 81 (7): 996-9.
[14] Amarapurkar DN, Parikh SS, Shankaran K, Chopra K, Dhawan P, Kalro RH, et al. Correlation between splenomegaly and oesophageal var ices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Endoscopy. 1994; 26:
[15] Chalasani N, Imperiale TF, Ismail A, Sood G, Carey M, Wilcox CM, et al. Predictors of large esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94: 3285–91.
[16] Eltoum IA, Taha TE, Saad MA, Suliman MS, BennettJL, Nash TE, Hommeida MM. Predictors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with schistosomalperi portal fibrosis. British Journal of Surgery 1994; 81: 996-999.
[17] Manohar TP, Patil V, Salkar HR. Combination of non-endoscopic parameters as predictors of large esophageal varices. Trop Gastroenterol. 2014 Jul-Sep; 35 (3): 173-9.
[18] North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective multicenter study. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 983.
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Author Information
  • Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

  • Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan

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  • APA Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani, Hamza Khamees. (2016). Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 4(6), 103-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14

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    ACS Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani; Hamza Khamees. Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2016, 4(6), 103-106. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14

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    AMA Style

    Hyder Osman Mirghani, Hamza Khamees. Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2016;4(6):103-106. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14,
      author = {Hyder Osman Mirghani and Hamza Khamees},
      title = {Predictors of Bleeding of Esophageal Varices Among Patients with Portal Hypertension-Sudan},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {103-106},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20160406.14},
      abstract = {Esophageal varices develop in more than one third in patients with liver cirrhosis with a high rate of mortality due to bleeding, We aimed to study predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices in Sudan. This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center in Sudan, during the period March-September 2007. The record of 236 patients with bleeding esophageal varices was reviewed for: Demographic data, the presence of jaundice, fever, ascites, splenomegaly, and splenectomy full blood count, liver function tests, ultrasonographic report, endoscopic finding. Ethical clearance was obtained from both ethical committees of Sudan Medical Specialization Board, and the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center. Out of 236 patients their age ranged from 18-79 years with a mean of 52.1±14.3, male dominance was apparent (80%). The majority were from Gazera region (62.3%). Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were found to predict esophageal variceal bleeding P-value <0.05, while fever and splenectomy were not P-value > 0.05. Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Hyder Osman Mirghani
    AU  - Hamza Khamees
    Y1  - 2016/12/20
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    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20160406.14
    AB  - Esophageal varices develop in more than one third in patients with liver cirrhosis with a high rate of mortality due to bleeding, We aimed to study predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices in Sudan. This retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center in Sudan, during the period March-September 2007. The record of 236 patients with bleeding esophageal varices was reviewed for: Demographic data, the presence of jaundice, fever, ascites, splenomegaly, and splenectomy full blood count, liver function tests, ultrasonographic report, endoscopic finding. Ethical clearance was obtained from both ethical committees of Sudan Medical Specialization Board, and the National Gastrointestinal bleeding Center. Out of 236 patients their age ranged from 18-79 years with a mean of 52.1±14.3, male dominance was apparent (80%). The majority were from Gazera region (62.3%). Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were found to predict esophageal variceal bleeding P-value <0.05, while fever and splenectomy were not P-value > 0.05. Splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and raised prothrombin time were predictors of bleeding in esophageal varices.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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