Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia

Mulat Yimer; Bayeh Abera; Wondemagegn Mulu; Yohannes Zenebe; Belay Bezabih

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia

Mulat Yimer, Bayeh Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Yohannes Zenebe, Belay Bezabih

Received: 22 September 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 December 2013

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Abstract

In East Africa, especially in Ethiopia, the proportion of VL patients with HIV co-infection has increased, despite a decline in the numbers of co-infected patients in Europe. The Metema and Humera lowland areas in the north-west are particularly associated with high HIV co-infection rates, ranging from 18% to 31% of the cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients in the endemic foci of the Amhara Region. Institutional based cross- sectional study was conducted from February to July, 2013 on the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients. For the study, a total of 409 participants who were clinically confirmed VL patients were participated in four selected endemic foci (Libokemkem, Belessa, Metema and west Armachiho). Proportionate allocation was used to determine the number of patients involved in each selected endemic foci. Of the 409 clinically confirmed VL patients, the overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was 74 (18.1%). Among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi 69 (93.2%) followed by Metema 5 (6.8 %.). However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil (0 %). Among the study participants, males were more VL/HIV co-infected 74 (19.4%) than females (0%) (P < 0.012) and the age groups from 21-35 were the highest infected group 68 (16.6%) (P<0. 001). Moreover, those patients who came from rural areas were more VL/ HIV co-infected 46 (35.1%) than urban dwellers 28 (23.1%) (P< 0. 001). Furthermore, daily labourers were the highest infected group 60 (57.1%) (P < 0.001) and those who had no formal education had more VL/HIV co-infected 62 (24.6%) (P < 0.001) than those who had formal education. The overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was still high and among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi followed by Metema. However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil. Therefore, face to face health education is mandatory to create awareness about VL, HIV and VL/HIV co –infection and its consequence at the Kebele level.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11
Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014)
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Visceral Leishmaniasis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, VL Endemic Foci, Amhara Region

References

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[14]	Berhe N. Hailu A, Wolday D, Negesse Y, Cenini P, Frommel D. Ethiopian visceral leishmaniasis patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, vol. 89, pp. 205-207, 1995.
[15]	Hailu A, Berhe N. The performance of direct agglutination test (DAT) in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis among Ethiopian patients with HIV Co-infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol, vol. 96(1), pp. 25-30, 2002.
[16]	Ritmeijer K, Veeken H, Melaku Y, Leal G, Amsalu R, Seaman J, Davidson RN. Ethiopian kala-azar: generic sodium stibogluconate and Pentostam are equivalent; HIV co- infected patients have a poor outcome. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , vol. 95(6), pp. 668-672, 2001.
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Mulat Yimer, Bayeh Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Yohannes Zenebe, Belay Bezabih. (2013). Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Mulat Yimer; Bayeh Abera; Wondemagegn Mulu; Yohannes Zenebe; Belay Bezabih. Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2013, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Mulat Yimer, Bayeh Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Yohannes Zenebe, Belay Bezabih. Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2013;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11,
  author = {Mulat Yimer and Bayeh Abera and Wondemagegn Mulu and Yohannes Zenebe and Belay Bezabih},
  title = {Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  abstract = {In East Africa, especially in Ethiopia, the proportion of VL patients with HIV co-infection has increased, despite a decline in the numbers of co-infected patients in Europe. The Metema and Humera lowland areas in the north-west are particularly associated with high HIV co-infection rates, ranging from 18% to 31% of the cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients in the endemic foci of the Amhara Region. Institutional based cross- sectional study was conducted from February to July, 2013 on the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients. For the study, a total of 409 participants who were clinically confirmed VL patients were participated in four selected endemic foci (Libokemkem, Belessa, Metema and west Armachiho). Proportionate allocation was used to determine the number of patients involved in each selected endemic foci. Of the 409 clinically confirmed VL patients, the overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was 74 (18.1%). Among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi 69 (93.2%) followed by Metema 5 (6.8 %.). However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil (0 %). Among the study participants, males were more VL/HIV co-infected 74 (19.4%) than females (0%) (P < 0.012) and the age groups from 21-35 were the highest infected group 68 (16.6%) (P<0. 001). Moreover, those patients who came from rural areas were more VL/ HIV co-infected 46 (35.1%) than urban dwellers 28 (23.1%) (P< 0. 001).  Furthermore, daily labourers were the highest infected group 60 (57.1%) (P < 0.001) and those who had no formal education had more VL/HIV co-infected 62 (24.6%) (P < 0.001) than those who had formal education.  The overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was still high and among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi followed by Metema. However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil. Therefore, face to face health education is mandatory to create awareness about VL, HIV and VL/HIV co –infection and its consequence at the Kebele level.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia
AU - Mulat Yimer
AU - Bayeh Abera
AU - Wondemagegn Mulu
AU - Yohannes Zenebe
AU - Belay Bezabih
Y1 - 2013/12/20
PY - 2013
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11
AB - In East Africa, especially in Ethiopia, the proportion of VL patients with HIV co-infection has increased, despite a decline in the numbers of co-infected patients in Europe. The Metema and Humera lowland areas in the north-west are particularly associated with high HIV co-infection rates, ranging from 18% to 31% of the cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients in the endemic foci of the Amhara Region. Institutional based cross- sectional study was conducted from February to July, 2013 on the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients. For the study, a total of 409 participants who were clinically confirmed VL patients were participated in four selected endemic foci (Libokemkem, Belessa, Metema and west Armachiho). Proportionate allocation was used to determine the number of patients involved in each selected endemic foci. Of the 409 clinically confirmed VL patients, the overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was 74 (18.1%). Among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi 69 (93.2%) followed by Metema 5 (6.8 %.). However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil (0 %). Among the study participants, males were more VL/HIV co-infected 74 (19.4%) than females (0%) (P < 0.012) and the age groups from 21-35 were the highest infected group 68 (16.6%) (P<0. 001). Moreover, those patients who came from rural areas were more VL/ HIV co-infected 46 (35.1%) than urban dwellers 28 (23.1%) (P< 0. 001). Furthermore, daily labourers were the highest infected group 60 (57.1%) (P < 0.001) and those who had no formal education had more VL/HIV co-infected 62 (24.6%) (P < 0.001) than those who had formal education. The overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was still high and among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi followed by Metema. However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil. Therefore, face to face health education is mandatory to create awareness about VL, HIV and VL/HIV co –infection and its consequence at the Kebele level.
VL - 2
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Mulat Yimer

BDU, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,Ethiopia
Bayeh Abera

BDU, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,Ethiopia
Wondemagegn Mulu

BDU, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,Ethiopia
Yohannes Zenebe

BDU, College of Medicine and Health Sciences,Ethiopia
Belay Bezabih

Amhara National Regional Health Bureau, Ethiopia

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Mulat Yimer, Bayeh Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Yohannes Zenebe, Belay Bezabih. (2013). Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 2(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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ACS Style

Mulat Yimer; Bayeh Abera; Wondemagegn Mulu; Yohannes Zenebe; Belay Bezabih. Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2013, 2(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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AMA Style

Mulat Yimer, Bayeh Abera, Wondemagegn Mulu, Yohannes Zenebe, Belay Bezabih. Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2013;2(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11,
  author = {Mulat Yimer and Bayeh Abera and Wondemagegn Mulu and Yohannes Zenebe and Belay Bezabih},
  title = {Proportion of Visceral Leishmaniasis and Human Immune Deficiency Virus Co- Infection among Clinically Confirmed Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients at the Endemic Foci of the Amhara National Regional State, North-West Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {2},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-7},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20140201.11},
  abstract = {In East Africa, especially in Ethiopia, the proportion of VL patients with HIV co-infection has increased, despite a decline in the numbers of co-infected patients in Europe. The Metema and Humera lowland areas in the north-west are particularly associated with high HIV co-infection rates, ranging from 18% to 31% of the cases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients in the endemic foci of the Amhara Region. Institutional based cross- sectional study was conducted from February to July, 2013 on the proportion of VL/HIV co- infection among clinically confirmed VL patients. For the study, a total of 409 participants who were clinically confirmed VL patients were participated in four selected endemic foci (Libokemkem, Belessa, Metema and west Armachiho). Proportionate allocation was used to determine the number of patients involved in each selected endemic foci. Of the 409 clinically confirmed VL patients, the overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was 74 (18.1%). Among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi 69 (93.2%) followed by Metema 5 (6.8 %.). However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil (0 %). Among the study participants, males were more VL/HIV co-infected 74 (19.4%) than females (0%) (P < 0.012) and the age groups from 21-35 were the highest infected group 68 (16.6%) (P<0. 001). Moreover, those patients who came from rural areas were more VL/ HIV co-infected 46 (35.1%) than urban dwellers 28 (23.1%) (P< 0. 001).  Furthermore, daily labourers were the highest infected group 60 (57.1%) (P < 0.001) and those who had no formal education had more VL/HIV co-infected 62 (24.6%) (P < 0.001) than those who had formal education.  The overall proportion of VL/ HIV co-infection was still high and among the VL endemic foci, proportion of VL/ HIV co- infection was highest in Abdrafi followed by Metema. However, in Addis Zemen and Belessa showed nil. Therefore, face to face health education is mandatory to create awareness about VL, HIV and VL/HIV co –infection and its consequence at the Kebele level.},
 year = {2013}
}

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