Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Abali Chuku; Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu; John Nnaemeka Ofoedu; Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Abali Chuku, Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu, John Nnaemeka Ofoedu, Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 27 July 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 August 2013

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Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors tend to cluster in persons with family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with variable distribution and penetrance. Screening adult Nigerians with immutable family history of CVD for other conventional CV risk factors is an important primary care challenge that is often neglected especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of non-communicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive facility-based study carried out on 440 consecutive adult Nigerians with family history of at least one of the major non-communicable CVDs in Nigeria who were screened for CV risk factors. Basic demographic variables, cardio-metabolic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using a pretested, structured and researcher-administered questionnaire. The conventional CV risk factors studied were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use. Family history of CVD refers to previous information on any major CVDs such as hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke in any of the first, second and third degree generation family members who were dead or alive made by a health professional. Results: The three most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity (81.6%), asymptomatic hypertension (26.4%) and obesity (18.9%). Others included alcohol use (17.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%) and tobacco use (5.7%). Conclusion: This study has shown that CV risk factors exist among the study population with three most common being physical inactivity, asymptomatic hypertension and obesity. Screening adult Nigerians with family history of CVD for cardio-metabolic and behavioural CV risk factors should form baseline evaluation for these patients during clinical encounter in primary care.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
Page(s)	17-25
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adult Nigerians, Family History of CVD, Primary Care, CV Risk Factors

References

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APA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Abali Chuku, Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu, John Nnaemeka Ofoedu, Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. (2013). Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research, 1(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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ACS Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Abali Chuku; Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu; John Nnaemeka Ofoedu; Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. Am. J. Health Res. 2013, 1(1), 17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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AMA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Abali Chuku, Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu, John Nnaemeka Ofoedu, Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. Am J Health Res. 2013;1(1):17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13,
  author = {Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh and Abali Chuku and Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu and John Nnaemeka Ofoedu and Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma},
  title = {Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  abstract = {Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors tend to cluster in persons with family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with variable distribution and penetrance. Screening adult Nigerians with immutable family history of CVD for other conventional CV risk factors is an important primary care challenge that is often neglected especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of non-communicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive facility-based study carried out on 440 consecutive adult Nigerians with family history of at least one of the major non-communicable CVDs in Nigeria who were screened for CV risk factors.  Basic demographic variables, cardio-metabolic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using a pretested, structured and researcher-administered questionnaire.  The conventional CV risk factors studied were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use. Family history of CVD refers to previous information on any major CVDs such as hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke in any of the first, second and third degree generation family members who were dead or alive made by a health professional. Results: The three most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity (81.6%), asymptomatic hypertension (26.4%) and obesity (18.9%). Others included alcohol use (17.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%) and tobacco use (5.7%). Conclusion: This study has shown that CV risk factors exist among the study population with three most common being physical inactivity, asymptomatic hypertension and obesity. Screening adult Nigerians with family history of CVD for cardio-metabolic and behavioural CV risk factors should form baseline evaluation for these patients during clinical encounter in primary care.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh
AU  - Abali Chuku
AU  - Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu
AU  - John Nnaemeka Ofoedu
AU  - Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma
Y1  - 2013/08/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 17
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
AB  - Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors tend to cluster in persons with family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with variable distribution and penetrance. Screening adult Nigerians with immutable family history of CVD for other conventional CV risk factors is an important primary care challenge that is often neglected especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of non-communicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive facility-based study carried out on 440 consecutive adult Nigerians with family history of at least one of the major non-communicable CVDs in Nigeria who were screened for CV risk factors.  Basic demographic variables, cardio-metabolic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using a pretested, structured and researcher-administered questionnaire.  The conventional CV risk factors studied were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use. Family history of CVD refers to previous information on any major CVDs such as hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke in any of the first, second and third degree generation family members who were dead or alive made by a health professional. Results: The three most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity (81.6%), asymptomatic hypertension (26.4%) and obesity (18.9%). Others included alcohol use (17.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%) and tobacco use (5.7%). Conclusion: This study has shown that CV risk factors exist among the study population with three most common being physical inactivity, asymptomatic hypertension and obesity. Screening adult Nigerians with family history of CVD for cardio-metabolic and behavioural CV risk factors should form baseline evaluation for these patients during clinical encounter in primary care.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh

Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Abali Chuku

Department of Ophthalmology Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu

Ministry of Health, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria and Trainer in Family Medicine Residency program, Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
John Nnaemeka Ofoedu

Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria
Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma

Department of Family Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Abakiliki, Nigeria

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APA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Abali Chuku, Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu, John Nnaemeka Ofoedu, Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. (2013). Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. American Journal of Health Research, 1(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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ACS Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Abali Chuku; Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu; John Nnaemeka Ofoedu; Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. Am. J. Health Res. 2013, 1(1), 17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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AMA Style

Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Abali Chuku, Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu, John Nnaemeka Ofoedu, Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma. Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria. Am J Health Res. 2013;1(1):17-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13,
  author = {Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh and Abali Chuku and Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu and John Nnaemeka Ofoedu and Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma},
  title = {Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20130101.13},
  abstract = {Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors tend to cluster in persons with family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with variable distribution and penetrance. Screening adult Nigerians with immutable family history of CVD for other conventional CV risk factors is an important primary care challenge that is often neglected especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of non-communicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive facility-based study carried out on 440 consecutive adult Nigerians with family history of at least one of the major non-communicable CVDs in Nigeria who were screened for CV risk factors.  Basic demographic variables, cardio-metabolic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using a pretested, structured and researcher-administered questionnaire.  The conventional CV risk factors studied were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use. Family history of CVD refers to previous information on any major CVDs such as hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke in any of the first, second and third degree generation family members who were dead or alive made by a health professional. Results: The three most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity (81.6%), asymptomatic hypertension (26.4%) and obesity (18.9%). Others included alcohol use (17.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%) and tobacco use (5.7%). Conclusion: This study has shown that CV risk factors exist among the study population with three most common being physical inactivity, asymptomatic hypertension and obesity. Screening adult Nigerians with family history of CVD for cardio-metabolic and behavioural CV risk factors should form baseline evaluation for these patients during clinical encounter in primary care.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Frequency of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adult Nigerians with Family History of Non-Communicable Cardiovascular Disease in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in a Resource-Constrained Environment of Eastern Nigeria
AU  - Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh
AU  - Abali Chuku
AU  - Nnadozie Paul Obiegbu
AU  - John Nnaemeka Ofoedu
AU  - Augustin Obiora Ikwudinma
Y1  - 2013/08/20
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 17
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20130101.13
AB  - Background: Cardiovascular (CV) risk factors tend to cluster in persons with family history of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) with variable distribution and penetrance. Screening adult Nigerians with immutable family history of CVD for other conventional CV risk factors is an important primary care challenge that is often neglected especially in resource-constrained settings. Aim: This study was designed to determine the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in adult Nigerians with family history of non-communicable cardiovascular disease in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in a resource-constrained environment of Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive facility-based study carried out on 440 consecutive adult Nigerians with family history of at least one of the major non-communicable CVDs in Nigeria who were screened for CV risk factors.  Basic demographic variables, cardio-metabolic and behavioural risk factors were obtained using a pretested, structured and researcher-administered questionnaire.  The conventional CV risk factors studied were hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use. Family history of CVD refers to previous information on any major CVDs such as hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke in any of the first, second and third degree generation family members who were dead or alive made by a health professional. Results: The three most frequent cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity (81.6%), asymptomatic hypertension (26.4%) and obesity (18.9%). Others included alcohol use (17.5%), diabetes mellitus (7.7%) and tobacco use (5.7%). Conclusion: This study has shown that CV risk factors exist among the study population with three most common being physical inactivity, asymptomatic hypertension and obesity. Screening adult Nigerians with family history of CVD for cardio-metabolic and behavioural CV risk factors should form baseline evaluation for these patients during clinical encounter in primary care.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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