Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia

Girmay Adhena; Lemessa Oljira

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia

Girmay Adhena, Lemessa Oljira

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 8, Issue 6)

Received: 19 September 2020 Accepted: 30 September 2020 Published: 4 November 2020

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Abstract

Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-value<0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.

Published in	American Journal of Health Research (Volume 8, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
Page(s)	96-101
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sexual Violence, Psychological Violence, Pregnant, Tigray, Ethiopia

References

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APA Style

Girmay Adhena, Lemessa Oljira. (2020). Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 8(6), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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ACS Style

Girmay Adhena; Lemessa Oljira. Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2020, 8(6), 96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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AMA Style

Girmay Adhena, Lemessa Oljira. Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2020;8(6):96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11,
  author = {Girmay Adhena and Lemessa Oljira},
  title = {Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {6},
  pages = {96-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  abstract = {Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-valueResults: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia
AU  - Girmay Adhena
AU  - Lemessa Oljira
Y1  - 2020/11/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 96
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
AB  - Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-valueResults: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Girmay Adhena

Department of Reproductive Health, Tigray Regional Health Bureau, Tigray, Ethiopia
Lemessa Oljira

School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Girmay Adhena, Lemessa Oljira. (2020). Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. American Journal of Health Research, 8(6), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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ACS Style

Girmay Adhena; Lemessa Oljira. Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Am. J. Health Res. 2020, 8(6), 96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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AMA Style

Girmay Adhena, Lemessa Oljira. Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Am J Health Res. 2020;8(6):96-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11,
  author = {Girmay Adhena and Lemessa Oljira},
  title = {Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {6},
  pages = {96-101},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20200806.11},
  abstract = {Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-valueResults: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sexual and Psychological Violence Among Pregnant Women in Tigray, Ethiopia
AU  - Girmay Adhena
AU  - Lemessa Oljira
Y1  - 2020/11/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
T2  - American Journal of Health Research
JF  - American Journal of Health Research
JO  - American Journal of Health Research
SP  - 96
EP  - 101
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8796
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20200806.11
AB  - Background: Violence against women is a global concern and it is high in Africa particularly in Ethiopia. However, the attention given to this issue is less. This study aimed to assess sexual and psychological violence among pregnant women in Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional survey was done among 476 pregnants. Study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Pretested, structured, and interview was done using a standardized questioner. Logistic regression analyses (bivariable and multivariable) were done to identify associated factors. The odds ratio of 95% was used to show the strength and variables with p-valueResults: About 30.3% women were experienced sexual and psychological violence. Sexual violence (15.5%), and psychological violence (22.7%). Having alcohol drinker husband [(AOR=3.15, 95% CI: (1.92, 5.18)], undesired pregnancy by husband [(AOR=3.68, 95% CI: (1.54, 8.78)], having another wife [(AOR=4.87, 95% CI: (2.07, 11.5)], unplanned pregnancy [(AOR=3.46, 95% CI: (1.51, 7.95)], low decision making capacity of women [(AOR=2.99, 95% CI: (1.85, 4.82)] and having medium economic status [AOR=0.53, 95% CI: (0.31, 0.92)] were significantly associated factors. Conclusion: Near to one –third of pregnant women experienced sexual and psychological violence during a recent pregnancy. Strengthening women's, empowerment and encouraging inter-spousal communication to enhance relationships, and to make join reproductive decisions are crucial to reducing violence during pregnancy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
ER  -

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