American Journal of Zoology

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Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens

Received: 22 January 2020    Accepted: 23 June 2020    Published: 28 July 2020
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Abstract

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome consisting of six genes (3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′). The six viral structural proteins play crucial role for the pathoginecity of the Newcastle diseases virus. Fusion protein cleaved by host protease enzyme from the precursor F0 glycoprotein to active F1 and F2 which are responsible for cell fusion and allow the entry of the virus to the host cell. Fusion protein has long been recognized as the primary determinant of virulence for NDV. Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein has both haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities which are responsible for attachment of virus to the host cell receptors and receptor destroying activity. M protein is thought to regulate the balance between viral replication and transcription and inhibit host protein synthesis that result Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity. The viral replication complex which comprises nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P) and large polymerase protein (L) enhance viral replication that increase viral virulence. These proteins in combination play key roles in the pathogenicity of NDV. The objective of this seminar is to review the importance of Viral structural proteins on pathegenicity of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. A number of techniques have been used to assessing and quantify the pathologenicity of ND viruses in vivo, such as the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) and the mean death time in eggs (MDT). Determining the molecular basis for pathogenicity and virulence is an important step in both diagnostics and research and helps to identify strains that are likely to cause severe disease and to control NDV which cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Farther investigation which provide a more complete understanding about the molecular basis or viral proteins that responsible for pathogencity of NDV and more effective preventive approach for the disease is recommended for the feature.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12
Published in American Journal of Zoology (Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2020)
Page(s) 40-46
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Newcastle Diseases Virus, Viral Structural Proteins, Pathogencity

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Veterinary Laboratory, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

  • Department of Veterinary Laboratory, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia

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    Takale Worku, Ibsa Teshome. (2020). Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens. American Journal of Zoology, 3(2), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12

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    Takale Worku; Ibsa Teshome. Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens. Am. J. Zool. 2020, 3(2), 40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12

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    AMA Style

    Takale Worku, Ibsa Teshome. Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens. Am J Zool. 2020;3(2):40-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12,
      author = {Takale Worku and Ibsa Teshome},
      title = {Review on the Role of Viral Structural Proteins on the Pathogenecity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens},
      journal = {American Journal of Zoology},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {40-46},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajz.20200302.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajz.20200302.12},
      abstract = {Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome consisting of six genes (3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′). The six viral structural proteins play crucial role for the pathoginecity of the Newcastle diseases virus. Fusion protein cleaved by host protease enzyme from the precursor F0 glycoprotein to active F1 and F2 which are responsible for cell fusion and allow the entry of the virus to the host cell. Fusion protein has long been recognized as the primary determinant of virulence for NDV. Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein has both haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities which are responsible for attachment of virus to the host cell receptors and receptor destroying activity. M protein is thought to regulate the balance between viral replication and transcription and inhibit host protein synthesis that result Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity. The viral replication complex which comprises nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P) and large polymerase protein (L) enhance viral replication that increase viral virulence. These proteins in combination play key roles in the pathogenicity of NDV. The objective of this seminar is to review the importance of Viral structural proteins on pathegenicity of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. A number of techniques have been used to assessing and quantify the pathologenicity of ND viruses in vivo, such as the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) and the mean death time in eggs (MDT). Determining the molecular basis for pathogenicity and virulence is an important step in both diagnostics and research and helps to identify strains that are likely to cause severe disease and to control NDV which cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Farther investigation which provide a more complete understanding about the molecular basis or viral proteins that responsible for pathogencity of NDV and more effective preventive approach for the disease is recommended for the feature.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    AB  - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Avulavirus has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome consisting of six genes (3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′). The six viral structural proteins play crucial role for the pathoginecity of the Newcastle diseases virus. Fusion protein cleaved by host protease enzyme from the precursor F0 glycoprotein to active F1 and F2 which are responsible for cell fusion and allow the entry of the virus to the host cell. Fusion protein has long been recognized as the primary determinant of virulence for NDV. Haemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein has both haemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities which are responsible for attachment of virus to the host cell receptors and receptor destroying activity. M protein is thought to regulate the balance between viral replication and transcription and inhibit host protein synthesis that result Newcastle disease virus pathogenicity. The viral replication complex which comprises nucleocapsid protein (NP), phosphoprotein (P) and large polymerase protein (L) enhance viral replication that increase viral virulence. These proteins in combination play key roles in the pathogenicity of NDV. The objective of this seminar is to review the importance of Viral structural proteins on pathegenicity of Newcastle disease virus in chickens. A number of techniques have been used to assessing and quantify the pathologenicity of ND viruses in vivo, such as the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI), the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) and the mean death time in eggs (MDT). Determining the molecular basis for pathogenicity and virulence is an important step in both diagnostics and research and helps to identify strains that are likely to cause severe disease and to control NDV which cause severe economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Farther investigation which provide a more complete understanding about the molecular basis or viral proteins that responsible for pathogencity of NDV and more effective preventive approach for the disease is recommended for the feature.
    VL  - 3
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    ER  - 

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